The document discusses the design and implementation of solar-powered LED street lights that include features like intensity control and object detection using a microcontroller. It outlines the components required such as solar panels, microcontrollers, and LED lighting, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of solar street lights compared to traditional ones. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of solar energy as a renewable source, advocating for its use in street lighting applications.

1. SOLAR POWERED LED STREET LIGHT WITH
INTENSITY CONTROL AND OBJECT
DETECTION USING MICROCONTROLLER
PREPARED BY
 KUNAL S. MAHAJAN
(Kunalmahajan03@gmail.com)

2. INTRODUCTION
Solar energy is nothing but the radiant energy emitted by sun. We may convert
this solar energy into electricity either directly using photo voltaic (PV), or
indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP) with the help of lenses or mirrors
and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight.
This solar energy is mainly useful in solar street lights, auto solar irrigation
system, traffic junction signal lighting etc.

3. HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
POWER SUPPLY BLOCK
MICROCONTROLLER (89V51RD2)
SOLAR PANNEL
LEDs
VOLTAGE REGULATOR(IC 7805)

4. OPERATING PRINCIPLE

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Light source

6. SOLAR PANEL
There Are 2 Types Of Solar Panel
• Mono-crystalline.
• Poly-crystalline.
Conversion rate of mono-crystalline solar panel is much higher than poly-
crystalline.
Solar panel is one of the most important parts of solar street lights, as solar panel
will convert solar energy into electricity.
Specifications : Output 5V, Operating temperature range is -20 to +65 degree
Celsius.
Cell Type: Monocrystalline.

7. MICROCONTROLLER
• Controller is also very important for solar street light.
• A controller will usually decide to switch on /off charging and lighting.
• The microcontroller used in the project kit is P89V51RD2.
• The P89V51RD2 is an 80C51 microcontroller with 64 kB Flash and 1024 bytes of
data RAM, i.e.1KB of RAM.
• It operates on 5V supply with the frequency of 0-40 MHz It has 64kB of on-chip
flash programming memory.

8. LED LIGHTING
 LED is usually used as lighting source of modern solar street light, as the
LED will provide much higher lumens with lower energy consumption.
The energy consumption of LED fixture is at least 50% lower than HPS (high
pressure sodium) fixture which is widely used as lighting source in traditional
street lights.
LED’s lack of warm up time also allows for use of motion detectors for
additional efficiency gains.

9. BATTERY & POLE
Battery
• A lead-acid battery is used in kit, because the self discharge rate is among the
lowest in rechargeable battery systems.
• It has tolerant to overcharging also it provides sufficiently long life span.
• It has rating of 6V,4.5Ah.
POLE
• Strong poles are necessary to all street lights as there are components mounted on
the top of the pole like fixtures, panels and sometime batteries
• Wind resistance should also be taken into consideration when choosing the pole.

10. APPLICATIONS
• LED lighting offers high efficiency, long operating life and low voltage
operation which ideal for solar.
• Solar street lights were initially used in remote locations and disaster
prone areas.
• As LED efficacy and light output have improved, they are becoming
mainstream.

11. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
• Advantages:
Solar street lights are independent of the utility grid. Hence, the operation costs
are minimized.
Solar street lights require much less maintenance compared to conventional street
lights.
Since external wires are eliminated, risk of accidents is minimized.
• Disadvantages:
Initial investment is higher compared to conventional street lights.
Risk of theft is higher as equipment costs are comparatively higher.
The batteries have to be replaced from time to time.

12. CONCLUSION
• The solar energy is one of the important and major renewable sources of
energy and has also proven it useful in functioning of applications like street
lights.
• The total operation is depends on solar ,so it is not depend on conventional
power grid.
• The power is get saved as we can turned off all the Street lighting at the mid
night.