The document discusses solar power and its various applications. It begins by providing background on the sun and how much solar energy reaches Earth. It then discusses why solar power is useful in that it is clean, renewable, and can save money. The document outlines the basic science of how solar cells work using semiconductors to convert sunlight to electricity. It describes the main types of solar cells and solar thermal technologies, including parabolic mirrors and power towers. Applications mentioned include solar power satellites, water desalination, solar planes, solar ships, and home solar water heaters. The future potential of solar energy in Egypt is also noted.

1. SOLAR
POWER

2. Created by TOP team
Ahmed Atef Kamal
Ahmed Hamada Ahmed
Ahmed Mohammed Nafea
Eslam Ahmed Hassan
Presented to Eng/ Hani Salem

3. The Sun
• Sun 149.6 × 106 km away from us.
• The total solar energy absorbed by
Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land
masses is approximately
3,850,000 joules (EJ) per year. In
2002, this was more energy in one
hour than the world used in one year.

4. Why Solar?
1. This type of energy is clean, renewable, and
environmentally friendly.
2.Solar systems save money by reducing the need for
buying electricity.
3. A solar system requires very little maintenance,
only needing cleaned when dust or dirt has
accumulated. Plus, they have a lifespan well over
25 years!

5. How Does The Sun Work?
• The sun is effectively a massive nuclear reactor .
• About three quarters of the Sun's mass consists
of hydrogen, while the rest is mostly helium.
• The Sun's colour is white, although from the
surface of the Earth it may appear yellow
because of atmospheric scattering of blue light.

6. Solar energy
LIGHT
PV
HEAT
Towers Parabolic

7. SEMICONDUCTORS

8. N-TYPE

9. P-TYPE

10. PN-JUNCTION

11. USING THE SUN’S LIGHT
Types of photovoltaic cells

12. Monocrystalline
Multicrystalline
Amorphous

13. • These cells are made from
pure silicon .
• No defects or impurities .
• It’s Efficiency around 15%.
properties :-
monocristalline
• High cost .

14. multicrystalline
properties :-
• produced using numerous
grains of monocrystalline
silicon .
• It’s efficiencies around
12% .
• Low cost .

15. Amorphous
• amorphous silicon cells
are composed of silicon
atoms in a thin
homogenous layer .
properties :-
• It’s efficiency 6% .
• can be deposited on a
wide range of
substrates, both rigid
and flexible .

17. Related Equipment
Batteries :-
• Batteries are required in many PV systems to supply
power at night or when the PV system cannot meet
the demand.
• lithium. Deep-cycle lead-acid batteries are the most
commonly used.

19. Inverter :-
• An inverter is used to convert the direct current into
alternating current electricity.
• The output of the inverter can be single or three phase.

21. Charge Controller
• Controllers regulate the power from PV modules to
prevent the batteries from overcharging.

23. USING THE SUN’S HEAT
Types of thermal solar systems

24. Parabolic
Mirrors
Power
Tower

25. Parabolic collector system
• heat at temperatures up to 400°C .
• focus sunlight onto a receiver pipe
through which a synthetic oil
circulates .
• The synthetic oil is then piped
through a heat exchanger to
produce steam that drives a
conventional electricity-generating
turbine
• Supported systems up to 25%.

27. Power tower system
• use thousands of individual
sun-tracking mirrors, called
heliostats.
• The receiver collects the sun’s
heat in a heat transfer fluid
(molten salt) .
• components: heliostats;
receiver; heat transport and
exchange; thermal storage;
and controls.
• storage system retains heat
efficiently.

30. Top 10 world’s largest solar
PV power plants

31. Capacity: 100 MW
Country: Ukraine
Owner: Activ Solar
Developer: Activ Solar
Module Maker:
Module type: c-Si
Grid connection: 2011
1. Perovo

32. Capacity: 92 MW
Country: Canada
Owner: Enbridge
Developer: First Solar
Module Maker: First Solar
Module type: CdTe
Grid connection: 2010
2. Sarnia

33. 3. Montalto di Castro
Capacity: 84 MW
Country: Italy
Owner: Sunpower
Developer: Sunpower, Sunray
Module Maker: Sunpower
Module type: c-Si
Grid connection: 2011

34. 4. Finsterwalde
Capacity: 83 MW
Country: Germany
Owner: Q-Cells
Developer: Q-Cells
Module Maker: Q-Cells
Module type: c-Si
Grid connection: 2010

35. 5. Ohotnikovo
Capacity: 80 MW
Country: Ukraine
Owner: Activ Solar
Developer: Activ Solar
Module Maker:
Module type: c-Si
Grid connection: 2011

36. 6. Senftenberg II & III
Capacity: 78 MW
Country: Germany
Owner: Saferay
Developer: Saferay
Module Maker: Canadian Solar
Module type: c-Si
Grid connection: 2011

37. 7. Lieberose
Capacity: 71 MW
Country: Germany
Owner: Juwi Solar
Developer: Juwi Solar
Module Maker: First Solar
Module type: CdTe
Grid connection: 2009-2011

38. 8. Rovigo
Capacity: 70 MW
Country: Italy
Owner: First Reserve
Developer: SunEdison
Module Maker: Canadian Solar
Module type: c-Si
Grid connection: 2010

39. 9. Olmedilla de Alarcón
Capacity: 60 MW
Country: Spain
Owner: Nobesol Levante
Developer: Nobesol Levante
Module Maker: Siliken a.o.
Module type: c-Si
Grid connection: 2008

40. 10. Boulder City (Copper Mountain)
Capacity: 55 MW
Country: USA
Owner: Sempra Generation
Developer: First Solar
Module Maker: First Solar
Module type: CdTe
Grid connection: 2010

41. Applications of solar
energy systems

42. • Solar power satellite
• In space, collection of the Sun's energy is unaffected by the
various obstructions which reduce efficiency or capacities of
Earth surface solar power collection.

43. • Solar powered water desalination

45. • Solar planes
• The Titan Solara 50 solar plane is huge. The wingspan is about
150 feet! It can carry a payload of around 250lbs to "atmospheric
orbit" and then stay operational up there thanks to its 3,000 solar
cells that can produce 7 kW of electricity.
• The Solara is intended to loft a payload to 20,000 meters and then
keep it [there] for five years, running entirely on solar power. It
functions a bit like a satellite, except substantially cheaper and
much more versatile. And, you can get it back when you're done.

47. • Basically a lot of things that you can do with a satellite, but
cheaper, and if your mission is limited in time, you can then land
the plane and change up the equipment instead of having a
useless/obsolete satellite in orbit.
• Applications for these types of solar planes are very varied, from
disaster rapid response to anti-piracy (the real kind, out at sea)
surveillance, to crop monitoring, fire monitoring, providing
internet access to remote regions, all kinds of scientific missions
(ocean monitoring, cosmic ray monitoring, atmospheric science,
weather monitoring.

50. • Solar ships
• In 2012, the MS Tûranor became the first boat to travel around
the world using only solar power.

52. • Home use

53. • Solar Water heater

56. Future of solar
energy in
Egypt