The document discusses solar energy, including its definition, the two types (thermal and electric), how solar panels work to generate electricity, some key historical milestones in solar energy development, practical applications of solar energy technologies, advantages such as being environmentally friendly and renewable, and main drawbacks such as high initial costs. It provides details on solar energy topics like the components of the sun, how excess solar electricity can be stored in batteries or exported to the electric grid, and systems used for applications like community lighting, water pumping, and vehicles.

1. Solar Energy
MOHAMED ATHIEF A
MOHAMED ATHIF A
MOHAMED FARHAAN R
MOHAMED HAIF S
B.E CSE 1st year A
MOHAMED ATHIEF A

2. What is Solar Energy?
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The most precise Solar Energy definition : Energy
from the sun.
But what is solar energy really?
There are two types of solar energy: Thermal
Energy & Electric Energy
Thermal Energy: Thermal Energy is everywhere. It’s
lights up our days. It heats the earth, our bodies and
our homes. It dries our clothes . All for free!
Electric Energy: Electric Energy uses the power of
the sun to produce electricity through solar cells,
otherwise known as Photovoltaics (PV).

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The Sun
Diameter: 1.39E9 m (120 x greater than earth)
Distance from earth = 1.495E11 m (93 million miles) ± 1.7%
Center: Density ≅100 x density of water and T>1E6 K
Powered by hydrogen fusion
Composed of layers. The outer layer is the photosphere
Effective blackbody temperature of 5777 K

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World Energy Conservation
predicted estimation about the rate
of utilization of energy resources
shows that the coal deposits will
deplete within the next 200 to 300
years and petroleum deposits will
deplete in next few decades
The most advantage using Solar
Energy is that this is distributed
over a wide geographical area,
ensuring that developing regions
such as India have access to
electricity generation at a stable
cost for the long-term future
The huge consumption of fossil
fuels has caused visible damage to
the environment in various forms
WHY Solar Energy

5. The following table shows the amount of carbon
and sulphur deposited in the atmosphere
S. No Activity
Amount deposited in the
atmosphere
1. Human Vehicle, Waste product etc 8 billion tones
2. Fossil fuels 6.5 million tones
3. Deforestation and forest firing 1.5 million tones

6. Current solar energy consumption

7. • 1838 - Edmund Becquerel observed
materials which turn light into energy
• 1876 - 78 - William Adams, wrote the
first book about Solar Energy called: A
A
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s and was able to power a
2.5
horsepower steam engine
• 1860- Auguste Mouchout, used
direct conversion of solar radiation
into mechanical power.
• 1895 - Aubrey Eneas formed the first
Solar Energy company
• 1904 - Henry Willsie built 2 huge
plants in California to store generated
power. He was the first to successfully
use power at night after generating it
during the day
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1838 - Edmund Becquerel observed
materials which turn light into energy
1876 - 78 - William Adams, wrote the
first book about Solar Energy called: A
Substitute for Fuel in Tropical
Countries and was able to power a 2.5
horsepower steam engine
1860- Auguste Mouchout, used
direct conversion of solar radiation
into mechanical power.
1895 - Aubrey Eneas formed the first
Solar Energy company
1904 - Henry Willsie built 2 huge
plants in California to store generated
power. He was the first to successfully
use power at night after generating it
during the day
HISTORICAL MILESTONES

8. HISTORICAL MILESTONES
• 1954 -Calvin Fuller, Gerald Pearson
and Daryl Chaplin of Bell
Laboratories discovered the use of
silicon as a semi-conductor, which
led to the construction of a solar
panel with an efficiency rate of 6%.
• 1956 -The first commercial solar cell
was made available to the public at a
$300 per watt
very expensive $300 per watt
• 1958- Vanguard I the first satellite
was launched that used solar energy
to generate electricity.
• 1970- The
The E
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Cr
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is
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!
(O
(OPE
PEC
Co
oi
il
l
embargo)
embargo) Solar energy history was
made as the price of solar cells
$2
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dropped dramatically to about $20
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.
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1954 -Calvin Fuller, Gerald Pearson
and Daryl Chaplin of Bell
Laboratories discovered the use of
silicon as a semi-conductor, which
led to the construction of a solar
panel with an efficiency rate of 6%.
1956 -The first commercial solar cell
was made available to the public at a
very expensive $300 per watt
1958- Vanguard I the first satellite
was launched that used solar energy
to generate electricity.
1970- The Energy Crisis ! (OPEC oil
embargo) Solar energy history was
made as the price of solar cells
dropped dramatically to about $20
per watt.

9. Discover solar panel
How It Works ?
8) When more solar energy is generated it can be
stored in a battery as DC electricity and will
continue to supply your home with electricity in
the event of a power blackout or at nighttime.
9) When the battery is full the excess electricity can
be exported back into the utility grid, if your
system is connected to it.
10) Utility supplied electricity can also be drawn form
the grid when not enough solar energy is
produced
11) The flow of electricity in and out of the utility grid
is measured by a utility meter, which spins
backwards (when you are producing more energy
that you need) and forward (when you require
additional electricity from the utility company).
The two are offset ensuring that you only pay for
the additional energy you use from the utility
company. This system is referred to as "net-
metering".
8) When more solar energy is generated it can be
stored in a battery as DC electricity and will
continue to supply your home with electricity in
the event of a power blackout or at nighttime.
9) When the battery is full the excess electricity can
be exported back into the utility grid, if your
system is connected to it.
10) Utility supplied electricity can also be drawn form
the grid when not enough solar energy is
produced
11) The flow of electricity in and out of the utility grid
is measured by a utility meter, which spins
backwards (when you are producing more energy
that you need) and forward (when you require
additional electricity from the utility company).
The two are offset ensuring that you only pay for
the additional energy you use from the utility
company. This system is referred to as "net-
metering".

10. Systems Capacity Uses
Community lighting systems 1KW to 2.5 KW Small household lighting system
Portable solar lanterns 10Wp SPV module lighting 7 W CFL lamp for 3
hours a day
Street lights 75Wp SPV module Charging 100-130AH battery to
run a 11W CFL lamp for dusk to
dawn operation
Fixed home lighting systems 35-50Wp SPV module powering two CFLs -- 9 or 11W ,
work 4-5 hours /day,
run a small TV set or a fan
Water Pumping 1KW DC motor shallow pumping
Solar Photo voltaics in India

11. Solar a powered auto rickshaw
NASA Designed Solar Powered
Vehicle “ HELIOS”
Practical Applications Of Solar Energy

12. Practical Applications Of Solar Energy
Semi autonomous war
machine
Solar Car Quant

13. Solar Energy Advantages
• Environment friendly
• It's not affected by the supply and demand of
fuel and is therefore not subjected to the ever-
increasing price of gasoline.
• Solar Energy is clean, renewable (unlike gas, oil
and coal), sustainable and helping to protect our
environment.
• As we see previously ,it does no pollute air.
• Therefore Solar Energy does not contribute to global
warming, acid rain or smog. It actively contributes to
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Saves you money
After the initial investment has been recovered, the energy from the sun is
practically FREE.
Financial incentives are available form the government that will reduce your
cost.
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radioactive waste.

14. Solar Energy Advantages
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Low/ no maintenance
Solar Energy systems are virtually maintenance free and will last for
decades.
Once installed, there are no recurring costs. They operate silently, have no
moving parts, do not release offensive smells and do not require you to
add any fuel. More solar panels can easily be added in the future when
your family's needs grow.

15. Solar Energy- Main Drawbacks
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The initial cost is the main disadvantage of installing a solar
energy system, largely because of the high cost of the semi-
conducting materials used in building one.
The cost of solar energy is also high compared to non-
renewable utility-supplied electricity.
Solar panels require quite a large area for installation to achieve
a good level of efficiency.
The efficiency of the system also relies on the location of the sun,
although this problem can be overcome with the installation of
certain components. The production of solar energy is influenced
by the presence of clouds or pollution in the air. Similarly, no solar
energy will be produced during nighttime although a battery
backup system and/or net metering will solve this problem.
As far as solar powered cars go - their slower speed might not
appeal to everyone caught up in today's rat race.

16. No!
But it can do much more
than it does now.
“Old guys” don’t know
about
solar design.
It is up to the “New
Graduates”
to promote solar.
Can Solar Do it All?

17. Thank You