This document provides information about solar energy. It discusses: - Solar energy is energy from the sun that can be converted to thermal or electrical energy. It is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source. - Solar energy can be harnessed using solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity via photovoltaic cells. Larger solar farms and installations on buildings can feed power back into electrical grids. - The advantages of solar energy include its renewable nature, ability to reduce electricity bills, low maintenance costs, and diverse applications from powering homes to satellites. The disadvantages are the high initial costs, dependence on weather, and expensive long-term energy storage solutions.

1. Welcome to our presentation
•Course name: Power Station
•Topic:Solar Energy
•Section:F
•Submitted to:Rethwan Faiz (course
instructor)

3. Solar energy

4. Solar power is energy from the sun that is
converted into thermal or electrical
energy.
Solar energy Originates with the
thermonuclear fusion reactions occurring in
the sun.
Solar energy

5. Solar energy is the cleanest and most
abundant renewable energy source available,
and the U.S. has some of the richest solar
resources in the world. It is the radiation from
the sun that is capable of producing heat,
causing chemical reactions, or generating
electricity. It is the largest source of energy
received on Earth, but its intensity on the
earth’s surface is quite low.

6. 1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
Bio-
Hydro-
Nuclear
SOLAR(0.8
%)
Windmills
Fossils
• Even then the energy demand met by
using solar energy is very less.

7. Solar energy is rapidly becoming the ultimate energy
source because of its non-polluting character and its
inexhaustible supply which are in stark contrast to
such fossil fuel sources as coal, oil, and natural gas.
The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation striking
the Earth's atmosphere spans a range of 100 nm to
about 1 mm. This can be divided into five regions in
increasing order of wavelengths:
Ultraviolet C or (UVC) range, which spans a range of
100 to 280 nm. The term ultraviolet refers to the
fact that the radiation is at higher frequency than
violet light (and, hence also invisible to the human
eye)

8. COMPOSITION
• The Sun emits EM radiation across most of the electromagnetic spectrum
• The Sun does, however, emit X-rays, ultraviolet, visible light , infrared,
and even Radio waves.When ultraviolet radiation is not absorbed by the
atmosphere or other protective coating, it can cause damage to the skin
known as sunburn or trigger an adaptive change in human skin
pigmentation.

9. This radiation can be converted either into: thermal
energy or into electrical energy.
Two main types of devices are used to capture solar
energy and convert it into thermal energy:
Flat-plate collectors and Concentrating collectors.
The flat plate collectors are used for hot water heating
and house heating.
Concentrating collectors are used when higher
temperatures are needed. That is, where they reflect and
concentrate sunlight from a wide area.

10. •Solar energy can be converted to electricity using photovoltaic cells/
solar cells discovered in 1839 by 19 years old Becquerel.so edmin
Becquerel dis covered the photo electric effect.his fathe dis that you
can refine ores into pure metel using electrolysis,and his son,along
with marie and pierre curie…
•This converted energy is used to provide electricity for watches,
calculators and cameras.
The most officient solar cells that we have tend to find their way
into outer space because efficiency is expensive,but it doesn,t
matter how expensive something is when you are dealing with
the international space station has

11. 16115 ft long solar wings.all combined ,at peak ,these solar
panels produce 120 kilowatts of electricity,which is a lot.and
now I can tell just by looking into your eyesthat you have
been filled with an ansatiable desire to know more about
photovoltaic panels .

12. How do solar cells work?
By slightly altering the structure the atoms form in the material (through 'doping'), scientists can make a
structure in which electrons are more likely to be broken free from their orbits. This is known as an n-
type (negative) semiconductor. By putting this next to a p-type (positive) semiconductor, in which an
electron is missing, a neutral region is formed through which the free electrons will flow when released.
What this means in effect is that, when a photon of light is absorbed by the cell, the electrons that are
released flow through this neutral region and into a metal conductor at the top of the cell. From this
conductor they then flow down into an inverter which transfers the current into AC and then into your
home to be used in appliances.

13. Photo-Voltaic (PV) cells are devices that convert sunlight to electricity, bypassing thermodynamic cycles
and mechanical generators. PV stands for photo (light) and voltaic (electricity), whereby sunlight
photons free electrons from common silicon
Photovolatic cell

14. Photovolatic panel

16. Solar Power System for the Home
It is undeniable that the Sun has been a great impact in the lives and cultures of mankind
from the very beginning of the age. In connection
to that and as we all know, solar energy can be converted into forms of energy like electricity
and heat. With that in mind, it has been a common thing nowadays to install a solar power
system for people in their respective homes since it displays features which showcases its
affordability, reliability and environmental impact reasons.

17. One of the main reasons why people gets and
should get solar power system set up by reliable
companies like Solar Panels Adelaide in their
respective homes is that it promise lower utility
bills. Installing a solar power system will surely
reduce electric utility bills. Upon having this
system set up in the homes, electricity from the
usual source is no longer the main source of
energy to run every appliance in the place. The
size of the system installation may vary but rest
assured that whatever the size of the system,
electric bill savings will grow.

18. Photovoltaic SUDI shade is an autonomous and mobile station in France that provides
energy for electric vehicles using solar energy.

19. USES OF SOLAR ENERGY
• Heaters Green houses
• Cars water pumps
• Lights Desalination
• Satellites Chilling
• Dryers Solar ponds
• Calculators Thermal
Commercial use
• On an office building , roof areas can be covered with solar
panels .
• Remote buildings such as schools , communities can make use
of solar energy.
• In developing countries , this solar panels are very much useful.
• Even on the highways , for every five kilometres ,solar
telephones are used.

20. Advantages of Solar Energy
1. Renewable Energy Source
Solar energy is a truly renewable energy source. It can be harnessed in all areas of the world and
is available everyday. We cannot run out of solar energy, unlike some of the other sources of
energy. Solar energy will be accessible as long as we have the sun, therefore sunlight will be
available to us for at least 5 billion years, when according to scientists the sun is going to die.
2. Reduces Electricity Bills
Since you will be meeting some of your energy needs with the electricity your solar system has
generated, your energy bills will drop. How much you save on your bill will be dependent on the
size of the solar system and your electricity or heat usage. Moreover, not only will you be saving
on the electricity bill, but if you generate more electricity than you use, the surplus will be
exported back to the grid and you will receive bonus payments for that amount (considering that
your solar panel system is connected to the grid). Savings can further grow if you sell excess
electricity at high rates during the day and then buy electricity from the grid during the evening
when the rates are lower.

21. 3. Diverse Applications
Solar energy can be used for diverse purposes. You can generate electricity (photovoltaics) or
heat (solar thermal). Solar energy can be used to produce electricity in areas without access to
the energy grid, to distill water in regions with limited clean water supplies and to power
satellites in space. Solar energy can also be integrated in the materials used for buildings. Not
long ago Sharp introduced transparent solar energy windows.

22. 4. Low Maintenance Costs
Solar energy systems generally don’t require a lot of maintenance. You only need to keep them
relatively clean, so cleaning them a couple of times per year will do the job. Most reliable solar
panel manufacturers give 20-25 years warranty. Also, as there are no moving parts, there is no
wear and tear. The inverter is usually the only part that needs to changed after 5-10 years
because it is continuously working to convert solar energy into electricity (solar PV) and heat
(solar thermal). So, after covering the initial cost of the solar system, you can expect very little
spending on maintenance and repair work.
5. Technology Development
Technology in the solar power industry is constantly advancing and improvements will intensify
in the future. Innovations in quantum physics and nanotechnology can potentially increase the
effectiveness of solar panels and double, or even triple, the electrical input of the solar power
systems.

23. Disadvantages of Solar Energy
1. Cost
The initial cost for purchasing a solar system is fairly high. Although the UK government has
introduced some schemes for encouraging the adoption of renewable energy sources, for
example the the Feed-in Tariff, you still have to cover the upfront costs. This includes paying for
solar panels, inverter, batteries, wiring and for the installation. Nevertheless, solar technologies
are constantly developing, so it is safe to assume that prices will go down in the future.
2. Weather Dependent
Although solar energy can still be collected during cloudy and rainy days, the efficiency of the
solar system drops. Solar panels are dependent on sunlight to effectively gather solar energy.
Therefore, a few cloudy, rainy days can have a noticeable effect on the energy system. You
should also take into account that solar energy cannot be collected during the night.
3. Solar Energy Storage Is Expensive
Solar energy has to be used right away, or it can be stored in large batteries. These batteries, used
in off-the-grid solar systems, can be charged during the day so that the energy is used at night.
This is good solution for using solar energy all day long but it is also quite expensive. In most
cases it is smarter to just use solar energy during the day and take energy from the grid during
the night (you can only do this if your system is connected to the grid). Luckily our energy
demand is usually higher during the day so we can meet most of it with solar energy

24. 4. Uses a Lot of Space
The more electricity you want to produce, the more solar panels you will
need, because you want to collect as much sunlight as possible. Solar panels
require a lot of space and some roofs are not big enough to fit the number of
solar panels that you would like to have. An alternative is to install some of
the panels in your yard but they need to have access to sunlight. Anyways, If
you don’t have the space for all the panels that you wanted, you can just get
a fewer and they will still be satisfying some of your energy needs.
5. Associated with Pollution
Although pollution related to solar energy systems is far less compared to
other sources of energy, solar energy can be associated with pollution.
Transportation and installation of solar systems have been associated with
the emission of greenhouse gases. There are also some toxic materials and
hazardous products used during the manufacturing process of solar
photovoltaics, which can indirectly affect the environment. Nevertheless,
solar energy pollutes far less than the other alternative energy sources.

25. Future of solar energy:
Germany's solar programme has led to the installation of 40GW worth of solar
power production

26. Future Transportation -
High Speed Solar Airship, HSSA, solar energy, cargo transport

27. Thank you