Solar power generation involves converting solar energy into electricity or heat energy. It is a beneficial non-conventional energy source due to abundant sunlight, decreasing availability of fossil fuels, and low maintenance costs. Photovoltaic (PV) cells directly convert sunlight into electricity using solar panels made of silicon crystals. Solar thermal power plants concentrate sunlight to heat a liquid or gas that is then used to power electric generators. While solar energy has environmental benefits and is renewable, its generation can be affected by weather and has high initial installation costs.

1. SOLAR POWER
GENERATION
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2. Group members:
Haris Amir (100335)
Fawad Ahmed (100365)
Mudassir Hayat (100269)
M. Khubaib (100155)
Omair Akhter (100179)
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3. Introduction
Solar power generation:
 solar power generation is one of the best
non-conventional sources of Energy.
 In solar power generation we convert solar
energy in to different types of energy.
 We can convert solar energy directly into
electricity by solar cells (PV cells).
 We can convert solar energy into heat energy
by thermal combustion.
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4. Introduction
Why we need Solar power generation?
 We have abundant quantity of solar energy.
 Coal and other conventional sources deplete with
the passage of time.
 Low maintenance cost.
 Can used in remote areas.
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5. Introduction
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Photovoltaic (PV) Cells
Using the sun
to generate
electricity

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What is PV
Photovoltaic (PV) systems convert
sunlight directly into DC power, and
are potentially one of the most
useful renewable energy
technologies.

8. Composition of PV Cells
• Made up of single crystal of silicon
into which doping materials are
diffused to form a semi conductor.
• Thick N region covered with a thin p
region.
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9. Working of PV Cells
• When exposed to light, an electron
hole pair is generated.
• Increases charge carriers in both
regions.
• Electric field due to junction
potential barrier causes current flow
into external circuit.
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10. Efficiency of PV
• PV made up of silicon crystal has
efficiency is 24%.
• Commercially available PV cells have
efficiency 10% to 12 %.
• Also made up of Gallium arsenide
with efficiency of 24% but it is
expensive as it is rare therefore
silicone PV’s are preferred.
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Photovoltaic power is ideal for remote applications
where other power sources are impractical or
unavailable, such as in the Swiss Alps.
Solar-powered water pumps
PV-powered streetlights
battery chargers for boats, vehicles, and equipment

12. Solar Thermal Power
Generetion
Two methods :
Power tower
Solar rays collector
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13. Power Tower
1) General idea is to collect the light from many reflectors
spread over a large area at one central point to achieve
high temperature.
2) Example is the 10-MW solar power plant in Barstow,
CA.
• 1900 heliostats, each 20 ft by 20 ft
• a central 295 ft tower
1) An energy storage system allows it to generate 7 MW
of electric power without sunlight.
2) Capital cost is greater than coal fired power plant,
despite the no cost for fuel, ash disposal, and stack
emissions.
3) Capital costs are expected to decline as more and more
power towers are built with greater technological
advances.
4) One way to reduce cost is to use the waste steam from
the turbine for space heating or other industrial
processes
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14. Power tower
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15. Solar Ray Collector
Three types of solar ray collector
 Flat plat collector
 Line focusing collector
 Point focusing collector
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16. Flat Plate Collector
• Solar rays pass through transparent
covers
• Absorbed by conducting pipes.
(Aluminum , copper steel etch)
• Liquid in pipes get heated.
• 150- Butane,Freon-14 used instead
of water.
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17. Flat Plate Collector
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18. CONCENTRATING
COLLECTORS
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• Line focusing collectors
• Point Focusing collectors

19. Line Focusing Collectors
• Cylindrical parabolic collectors.
• 2-3m length,1-1.5m width.
• Array of collectors installed
• Rfelects sun rays on conducting pipe.
• Conducting pipe on focus axis.
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20. Line Focusing Collectors
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21. Point Focusing Collectors
• Sun rays are focused on a point on
absorber cavity
• Liquid in cavity gets heated
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22. Point Focusing Collectors
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23. Advantages of
concentrating collectors
• They are simple and use less material
• Cost of collecting per unit area is low
• They have more efficiency
• High temperature attained in less
volume so to store energy we need
less cost.
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24. Working of solar thermal
power plant
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25. Photo-voltaic VS solar thermal
• Easy to install
• Less Expansive
• Get DC easily
• Less maintenance
• Requires Sterling
Engine and Mirrors
• Takes time to
operate
• More losses
• Less Efficient
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26. Solar Radiation map of
Pakistan
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27. Solar Radiation map of
World
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28. Top Solar energy producing
Countries
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29. Advantages and Disadvantages
of solar energy
• Not harmful to
environment so called
Green Energy
• Unlimited Energy
• No need of fuel for
operation
• Requires less maintenance
• Easy to install
• No Pollution
• No need of Generator and
other machinery
• Difficult to operate at it
maximum efficiency
• Effect of weather
• Very Expensive
• Requires large area to
capture sun energy
• Effect of geographical
location
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30. Thank You
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