This document discusses soil pollution. It defines soil and describes how soil pollution occurs through the addition of chemicals that reduce soil quality. Common sources of soil pollution are discussed, including acid rain, excess fertilizers and pesticides, urban waste, and industrial waste. The document outlines effects of soil pollution on humans, animals, agriculture, and urban areas. Finally, it provides some approaches to control soil pollution such as banning plastic bags, recycling wastes, banning deforestation, and carefully using fertilizers and pesticides.

1. Government College Of Engineering,
Aurangabad.
Soil pollution
Invented By:-
Nikhil Pakwanne
)

2. Soil pollution

3. Introduction of soil
 Soil can be define
as the uppermost
crust of earth
mixed with
organic material
and in which
animals and
microorganisms
live, and plants
grow.

4. Soil pollution
• Soil pollution is defined or can be described
as the contamination of soil of a particular
region.
• Soil pollution is caused by addition of
chemicals, which reduces it’s productive
capacity.
• In rural areas more fertilizers & pesticides
are used in agricultural operations & the
residual chemicals remain in the top layers
of soil.

5. SOURCES OF SOIL POLLUTION
• Acid rains
• Excess application of pesticides, fertilizer.
• Urban solid wastes.
• Disposal of Industrial wastes and sludge
over land.

6. Acid Rain
 Acid Rain is
caused by air
pollution. The
acidic water falls
on the soil and
pollutes it by
making the soil
acidic.

7. Fertilizers
 The use of excess
fertilizers to
increase the crop
yields makes the
soil either acidic or
alkaline and
pollutes it.
 Ex: ammonium
sulphate , sodium
nitrate

8. Fertilizers
 Excess use of
Na, Mg, Ca, K, Zn in
the form of
fertilizers &
pesticides inhibit
plant growth &
reduce crop yield.

9. Urban wastes
 These wastes include a
wet and fermentable
fraction, made of food
residuals from houses,
restaurants and food
industries, paper.

10. Industrial waste
 This pollution can
be very massive in
certain
areas, where the
industries
discharge their
wastes and really
great is the variety
of pollutants: heavy
metals
compounds, asbest
os, organic
compounds

11. POLLUTANTS
 Organic waste
 Compounds
 Excess use of fertilizers

12. Pollutants
Organic waste
Organic waste enter the soil pores &
decompose pathological bacteria spread
infection.
Compounds
Compounds containing
arsenic, mercury, chromium, nickel, lead, Zin
c, & iron are toxic to the life.
Fluorides also affect the plant
development.

13. p0llutants
Excess use of fertilizers
Excess use of Na, Mg, Ca, K, Zn, in the
form of fertilizers & pesticides inhabit
plant growth & reduce crop yield.

14. effect
 Humans
 Animals
 Agricultural
 Urban

15. Humans Effects
 Causes cancers including leukemia.
 Mercury can increase the risk of
kidney damage.
 Also cause headaches, eye irritation &
skin rash.

16. Animals Effects
 Small life forms may consume
harmful chemicals which may then
be passed up the food chain to
large animals.

17. Agricultural Effects
 Decrease soil fertility.
 Reduced crop yield.
 Larger loss of soil & nutrients.
 Reduced nitrogen fixation.

18. Urban Effects
 Public health problems.
 Pollution of drinking water
sources.
 Foul smell & release of gases.
 Waste management problems.

19. Control of soil pollution
 Ban on use of plastic bags which are
major cause of pollution in cities.
 Recycling of plastic wastes to
manufacture many ‘remake’ items.
 Ban on deforestation.
 Encouraging forest replantation
programmes.
 Use carefully the fertilizers & pesticides
preferable in optimal dose.

20.  http://en.wikipedia.org
 WWW.GOOGLE.CO.IN