Soil Orders in Pakistan
•Download as PPSX, PDF•
7 likes•7,187 views
This document describes soil orders and their distribution in Pakistan. It discusses 12 major soil orders globally based on their morphological, mineralogical and chemical properties. In Pakistan, the six main soil orders from most to least extensive are Aridisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, Alfisols, Vertisols and Mollisols. Each order is defined and their occurrence and land use in Pakistan is summarized.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Soil classificatin
The document discusses soil classification systems including the US Soil Taxonomy system which categorizes soils into Orders, Suborders, Great Groups, and other levels based on distinguishing characteristics. It also describes the major soil types found in Pakistan which are classified regionally as Indus basin soils, Bongar soils, and others. The classification of soils provides important information about their properties and development.
Soil classification
This document provides an overview of soil classification systems. It discusses the USDA soil taxonomy system which classifies soils into 12 orders, 64 suborders, 300 great groups and more than 2,400 subgroups based on properties. Some major soil orders mentioned are Mollisols, Alfisols, Ultisols, Aridisols, Entisols and Inceptisols. The document also discusses land capability classification and its 8 classes which group soils based on their suitability for agriculture.
Soil survey in Pakistan, History, Achievement and Impact on Agriculture by Ja...
http://www.fao.org/globalsoilpartnership
This presentation was made during Regional Conference on the Asian Soil Partnership that took place in Nanjing, China 08-11 Febraury 2012.The presentation was made by Jarwar Attar Khan and it presents Soil survey in Pakistan; history, achievement and impact on agriculture.
©FAO: http://www.fao.org
Soil formation - Factors and Processes
I have prepared the notes regarding the soil forming processes from the help of arun katyayan and University notes.
Introduction to Soil Science
This is an introductory soil science presentation that I give to Master Gardeners, agribusiness personnel, farmers, and soil science students. Please feel free to contact me at andykleinschmidt@gmail.com with any comments regarding the presentation.
02 agro.ecological zones of pakistan
This document describes 10 agro-ecological zones of Pakistan based on climate, physiography, soils, and agricultural land use. It provides details on the climate, topography, soil types, and major crops grown in each zone. The zones include the Indus Delta, Southern Irrigated Plains, Sandy Desert, Northern Irrigated Plains, Barani Lands, Wet Mountains, Northern Dry Mountains, Western Dry Mountains, Dry Western Plateau, and Suleiman Piedmont. For each zone, the document discusses the climate, soils, and dominant agricultural activities.
Pakistan’s soil resources
This document discusses soil conservation in Pakistan. It begins by defining soil and describing Pakistan's soil inventory. It then discusses land capability classes and current land use trends. Some major soil problems in Pakistan are identified as water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, waterlogging, and nutrient deficiencies. Strategies are suggested to address each problem, such as protecting vegetation, controlling grazing, improving drainage, using balanced fertilizers, and protecting agricultural land from urban expansion.
Soil forming processes
The Formation of a particular type of soil depends upon the physico-chemical properties of the parent rock, intensity and duration of weathering, climatic and other parameters. This module highlights these aspects for a basic understanding.
Recommended
Soil classificatin
The document discusses soil classification systems including the US Soil Taxonomy system which categorizes soils into Orders, Suborders, Great Groups, and other levels based on distinguishing characteristics. It also describes the major soil types found in Pakistan which are classified regionally as Indus basin soils, Bongar soils, and others. The classification of soils provides important information about their properties and development.
Soil classification
This document provides an overview of soil classification systems. It discusses the USDA soil taxonomy system which classifies soils into 12 orders, 64 suborders, 300 great groups and more than 2,400 subgroups based on properties. Some major soil orders mentioned are Mollisols, Alfisols, Ultisols, Aridisols, Entisols and Inceptisols. The document also discusses land capability classification and its 8 classes which group soils based on their suitability for agriculture.
Soil survey in Pakistan, History, Achievement and Impact on Agriculture by Ja...
http://www.fao.org/globalsoilpartnership
This presentation was made during Regional Conference on the Asian Soil Partnership that took place in Nanjing, China 08-11 Febraury 2012.The presentation was made by Jarwar Attar Khan and it presents Soil survey in Pakistan; history, achievement and impact on agriculture.
©FAO: http://www.fao.org
Soil formation - Factors and Processes
I have prepared the notes regarding the soil forming processes from the help of arun katyayan and University notes.
Introduction to Soil Science
This is an introductory soil science presentation that I give to Master Gardeners, agribusiness personnel, farmers, and soil science students. Please feel free to contact me at andykleinschmidt@gmail.com with any comments regarding the presentation.
02 agro.ecological zones of pakistan
This document describes 10 agro-ecological zones of Pakistan based on climate, physiography, soils, and agricultural land use. It provides details on the climate, topography, soil types, and major crops grown in each zone. The zones include the Indus Delta, Southern Irrigated Plains, Sandy Desert, Northern Irrigated Plains, Barani Lands, Wet Mountains, Northern Dry Mountains, Western Dry Mountains, Dry Western Plateau, and Suleiman Piedmont. For each zone, the document discusses the climate, soils, and dominant agricultural activities.
Pakistan’s soil resources
This document discusses soil conservation in Pakistan. It begins by defining soil and describing Pakistan's soil inventory. It then discusses land capability classes and current land use trends. Some major soil problems in Pakistan are identified as water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, waterlogging, and nutrient deficiencies. Strategies are suggested to address each problem, such as protecting vegetation, controlling grazing, improving drainage, using balanced fertilizers, and protecting agricultural land from urban expansion.
Soil forming processes
The Formation of a particular type of soil depends upon the physico-chemical properties of the parent rock, intensity and duration of weathering, climatic and other parameters. This module highlights these aspects for a basic understanding.
2. soil orders and their features
The document discusses the 12 soil orders in the USDA soil taxonomy system. It provides details on the defining properties and global distribution of each order. Entisols are soils of recent origin with little development, while Inceptisols and Alfisols exhibit more development but lack features of other orders. Mollisols are characterized by a thick, dark surface horizon from long-term plant additions. The document provides an overview of each soil order.
Soil organic matter pp
Organic matter is a constituent of soil. It improves soil health. Healthy soil is needed to fill the bowl of hungry millions.
Soil Science
Soil is a complex layer that provides resources for plant and animal growth. It is composed of mineral matter, organic matter, air pores, and water pores. A variety of organisms live in soil and help break down organic matter, improving the soil structure. Plants rely on soil to provide anchorage, water, oxygen, and nutrients. Soil quality and productivity can be degraded through processes like erosion from construction, contamination from chemicals, and loss of topsoil from accelerated erosion caused by human activities like plowing. Proper soil management is important to sustainably produce food and conserve this fragile resource.
Soil formation-processes
Four main processes shape soil formation: additions, losses, translocations, and transformations. Additions include water, minerals from dust, organic matter and nutrients from animal waste and fertilizer. Losses occur through evaporation, water runoff, and decomposition of organic matter. Translocations involve the movement of materials within the soil by gravity, evaporation, and organisms. Transformations change one component into another through processes like decomposition of leaves into humus or weathering of rock into clay. Over time, these processes cause the soil to change significantly from its original parent material in both composition and appearance.
Processes involved in soil formation
• What is Soil Formation?
• Processes Involved in Soil Formation
1. Eluviation
2. Melanization
3. Gleization
4. Calcification
5. Podzolization
6. Laterization
weathering of Rocks and minerals
This document summarizes key concepts related to weathering and soil formation processes. It describes how weathering breaks down rocks through physical and chemical processes, forming regolith. The main factors that influence soil formation are then outlined, including parent material, climate, topography, organisms/vegetation, and time. Specific weathering and soil forming processes are also defined, such as podzolization, laterization, and gleization. Key minerals and their weatherability are discussed. The role of various physical and chemical weathering agents such as water, wind, temperature changes are also summarized.
Soil texture and soil structure
Soil texture refers to the relative percentages of sand, silt, and clay in soil. Texture influences various soil properties like water holding capacity, aeration, drainage, and nutrient storage. The arrangement of soil particles into aggregates is called soil structure, which also impacts properties such as porosity, density, and consistency. Common soil structures include platy, prismatic, blocky, granular, and crumb structures. Factors like organic matter, tillage practices, climate, and soil fauna influence aggregate formation and stability. Ideal soil structure, such as moderate or crumb structure, supports plant growth through improved drainage, aeration, and habitat for microbes.
Soil survey and land use
This document discusses soil surveys and their use in land use planning. It describes how soil surveys are conducted by classifying soils, mapping boundaries, and predicting soil behaviors. Soil survey reports contain data on physical and chemical properties to help farmers, planners, and engineers evaluate land uses. The document also explains how soil surveys are used in land evaluation processes to guide development and preserve farmland by rating soil capabilities and limitations for different land uses.
Factors of soil formation
The document discusses the key factors that influence soil formation - parent material, climate, organisms, relief, and time. It describes how climate, especially precipitation and temperature, has one of the most significant impacts on soil development processes like leaching, translocation, and profile differentiation. The type of vegetation and parent material also determine properties of the resulting soil, such as texture, color, and acidity. Steeper slopes generally result in shallower, less developed soils due to increased erosion. Soil properties continue to change as more time passes and the soil matures.
Soil presentation by Benedicta Philip
Soil is the thin layer of material on Earth's surface that supports plant growth and provides nutrients. It is formed over thousands of years from weathered rock and organic materials. There are many different soil types worldwide based on factors like climate, topography, and biology. Soil is a non-renewable resource that is important for food production, water regulation, and carbon storage, yet a third of soils are degraded. Maintaining soil health through sustainable management practices is crucial for food security and the environment.
7-Waterlogging and salinity
This document discusses waterlogging and salinity issues in soils. It defines waterlogging as soils saturated with water and describes various causes of waterlogging including seepage from canals, poor drainage, and flooding. It outlines effects on plant growth like reduced oxygen and gas exchange. Reclamation methods include interceptor drains and pumping groundwater. The document also defines soil salinity and describes processes of formation. Causes in Pakistan include poor leaching and irrigation water. Management includes leaching, crop selection, and adding organic matter or chemicals.
Soil colloids
The colloidal state refers to a two-phase system in which one material in a very finely divided state is dispersed through second phase.
Eg., Solid in liquid (Dispersion of clay in water) and Liquid in gas (Fog or clouds in atmosphere).
Principles of soil science
A brief description about soil genesis formation, pedology and edaphology concept, solum and regolith, soil pH and soil profile for the Engineering student at Under Graduate level
Soil conservation
Soil conservation practices can reduce soil erosion caused by flooding, wind and other agents. As well soil conservation practices restore fertility, fauna and flora and reduce contamination caused by chemicals...
Soil health an overview
This document provides an overview of soil health and soil science concepts. It defines soil and describes its key properties. Soil is a complex, living system composed of physical, chemical and biological components. The document outlines the different types of soils based on taxonomy and discusses various soil profiles. It also addresses threats to soil health such as erosion, organic matter decline, contamination, salinization and others. The roles of soil in supporting plant growth, water regulation and environmental buffering are examined.
Soil air
This document discusses soil air and aeration. It notes that soil air is important for root respiration and decomposition by microorganisms. Well-aerated soil allows for rapid oxygen exchange between the soil and atmosphere. Factors like pore space, temperature, depth, and wetting/drying influence gas exchange rates. Pore space occupies the volume not taken up by solids and is made up of spaces between aggregates and those created by roots, microbes, and expanding gases. Pore size and soil texture impact aeration. Aeration is the replacement of soil air by atmospheric air through diffusion and mass flow. Poor aeration can result from excess moisture or slow gas exchange. Improving drainage, tillage, and adding
Soil temperature
Soil temperature is an important plant growth factor like air, water and nutrients.
Soil temperature affects plant growth directly and indirectly.
Specific crops are adapted to specific soil temperatures.
Eg: Apple grows well when the soil temperature is about 18°C, maize 25°C, potato 16 to 21°C, and so on.
Soil Taxonomy & Classification
A soil is composed primarily of minerals which are produced from parent material that is weathered or broken into small pieces. Like the classification systems for plants and animals, the soil classification system contains several levels of details, from the most general to the most specific types. The most general level of classification system is the soil order, of which there are 12 major types. This module explains these classes.
Soil and water management
This document discusses different methods of irrigation for crop production. It describes surface irrigation techniques like wild flooding, controlled flooding using basins or borders/strips. Subsurface techniques include furrow irrigation with deep furrows or corrugations. Sprinkler irrigation involves applying water under pressure through nozzles to simulate rainfall. Drip irrigation applies water slowly to the soil surface near plant roots. The various methods are used depending on the crop type and soil properties to efficiently supply water for plant growth.
Soil aeration
1. Soil aeration is the exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide between the soil pores and atmosphere. It ensures sufficient oxygen for plant roots and microbes while preventing excess carbon dioxide build up.
2. Gaseous exchange occurs through both mass flow and diffusion. Mass flow is driven by pressure gradients while diffusion occurs down partial pressure gradients between the soil pores and atmosphere.
3. Factors like soil texture, structure, moisture and organic matter influence the gas composition and aeration status of soils by affecting the pore space available for gas exchange. Well-aerated soils support better plant growth.
Role of Potassium in Plant Growth
Potassium is an essential nutrient for plant growth. It is involved in many important plant processes like photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and water regulation. While total potassium content in soils is usually high, most of it is unavailable to plants. Only a small portion in the forms of exchangeable and water soluble potassium is readily available. Maintaining adequate available potassium levels through fertilization is important for optimal plant growth, yield, quality and stress resistance. Deficiency can cause various symptoms like chlorosis and stunted growth. Proper soil testing and balanced fertilizer management practices are required to supply potassium needs of crops and minimize losses and environmental impacts.
types of soil
This document provides summaries of different soil types found in India:
- Black soil is dark grey to black in color with high clay content. It is found in 5.4 lakh sq km and suitable for cotton.
- Red soil is formed from weathered crystalline rocks. It is more sandy, less clayey, and poor in nutrients. It covers 3.5 lakh sq km.
- Laterite soil is brown to yellowish in color and forms a hard material used for building when exposed to air.
- Desert soil is sandy, porous, and low in nutrients and moisture. It covers 1.4 lakh sq km.
- Mountain soil is rich in humus and found in northeastern
More Related Content
What's hot
2. soil orders and their features
The document discusses the 12 soil orders in the USDA soil taxonomy system. It provides details on the defining properties and global distribution of each order. Entisols are soils of recent origin with little development, while Inceptisols and Alfisols exhibit more development but lack features of other orders. Mollisols are characterized by a thick, dark surface horizon from long-term plant additions. The document provides an overview of each soil order.
Soil organic matter pp
Organic matter is a constituent of soil. It improves soil health. Healthy soil is needed to fill the bowl of hungry millions.
Soil Science
Soil is a complex layer that provides resources for plant and animal growth. It is composed of mineral matter, organic matter, air pores, and water pores. A variety of organisms live in soil and help break down organic matter, improving the soil structure. Plants rely on soil to provide anchorage, water, oxygen, and nutrients. Soil quality and productivity can be degraded through processes like erosion from construction, contamination from chemicals, and loss of topsoil from accelerated erosion caused by human activities like plowing. Proper soil management is important to sustainably produce food and conserve this fragile resource.
Soil formation-processes
Four main processes shape soil formation: additions, losses, translocations, and transformations. Additions include water, minerals from dust, organic matter and nutrients from animal waste and fertilizer. Losses occur through evaporation, water runoff, and decomposition of organic matter. Translocations involve the movement of materials within the soil by gravity, evaporation, and organisms. Transformations change one component into another through processes like decomposition of leaves into humus or weathering of rock into clay. Over time, these processes cause the soil to change significantly from its original parent material in both composition and appearance.
Processes involved in soil formation
• What is Soil Formation?
• Processes Involved in Soil Formation
1. Eluviation
2. Melanization
3. Gleization
4. Calcification
5. Podzolization
6. Laterization
weathering of Rocks and minerals
This document summarizes key concepts related to weathering and soil formation processes. It describes how weathering breaks down rocks through physical and chemical processes, forming regolith. The main factors that influence soil formation are then outlined, including parent material, climate, topography, organisms/vegetation, and time. Specific weathering and soil forming processes are also defined, such as podzolization, laterization, and gleization. Key minerals and their weatherability are discussed. The role of various physical and chemical weathering agents such as water, wind, temperature changes are also summarized.
Soil texture and soil structure
Soil texture refers to the relative percentages of sand, silt, and clay in soil. Texture influences various soil properties like water holding capacity, aeration, drainage, and nutrient storage. The arrangement of soil particles into aggregates is called soil structure, which also impacts properties such as porosity, density, and consistency. Common soil structures include platy, prismatic, blocky, granular, and crumb structures. Factors like organic matter, tillage practices, climate, and soil fauna influence aggregate formation and stability. Ideal soil structure, such as moderate or crumb structure, supports plant growth through improved drainage, aeration, and habitat for microbes.
Soil survey and land use
This document discusses soil surveys and their use in land use planning. It describes how soil surveys are conducted by classifying soils, mapping boundaries, and predicting soil behaviors. Soil survey reports contain data on physical and chemical properties to help farmers, planners, and engineers evaluate land uses. The document also explains how soil surveys are used in land evaluation processes to guide development and preserve farmland by rating soil capabilities and limitations for different land uses.
Factors of soil formation
The document discusses the key factors that influence soil formation - parent material, climate, organisms, relief, and time. It describes how climate, especially precipitation and temperature, has one of the most significant impacts on soil development processes like leaching, translocation, and profile differentiation. The type of vegetation and parent material also determine properties of the resulting soil, such as texture, color, and acidity. Steeper slopes generally result in shallower, less developed soils due to increased erosion. Soil properties continue to change as more time passes and the soil matures.
Soil presentation by Benedicta Philip
Soil is the thin layer of material on Earth's surface that supports plant growth and provides nutrients. It is formed over thousands of years from weathered rock and organic materials. There are many different soil types worldwide based on factors like climate, topography, and biology. Soil is a non-renewable resource that is important for food production, water regulation, and carbon storage, yet a third of soils are degraded. Maintaining soil health through sustainable management practices is crucial for food security and the environment.
7-Waterlogging and salinity
This document discusses waterlogging and salinity issues in soils. It defines waterlogging as soils saturated with water and describes various causes of waterlogging including seepage from canals, poor drainage, and flooding. It outlines effects on plant growth like reduced oxygen and gas exchange. Reclamation methods include interceptor drains and pumping groundwater. The document also defines soil salinity and describes processes of formation. Causes in Pakistan include poor leaching and irrigation water. Management includes leaching, crop selection, and adding organic matter or chemicals.
Soil colloids
The colloidal state refers to a two-phase system in which one material in a very finely divided state is dispersed through second phase.
Eg., Solid in liquid (Dispersion of clay in water) and Liquid in gas (Fog or clouds in atmosphere).
Principles of soil science
A brief description about soil genesis formation, pedology and edaphology concept, solum and regolith, soil pH and soil profile for the Engineering student at Under Graduate level
Soil conservation
Soil conservation practices can reduce soil erosion caused by flooding, wind and other agents. As well soil conservation practices restore fertility, fauna and flora and reduce contamination caused by chemicals...
Soil health an overview
This document provides an overview of soil health and soil science concepts. It defines soil and describes its key properties. Soil is a complex, living system composed of physical, chemical and biological components. The document outlines the different types of soils based on taxonomy and discusses various soil profiles. It also addresses threats to soil health such as erosion, organic matter decline, contamination, salinization and others. The roles of soil in supporting plant growth, water regulation and environmental buffering are examined.
Soil air
This document discusses soil air and aeration. It notes that soil air is important for root respiration and decomposition by microorganisms. Well-aerated soil allows for rapid oxygen exchange between the soil and atmosphere. Factors like pore space, temperature, depth, and wetting/drying influence gas exchange rates. Pore space occupies the volume not taken up by solids and is made up of spaces between aggregates and those created by roots, microbes, and expanding gases. Pore size and soil texture impact aeration. Aeration is the replacement of soil air by atmospheric air through diffusion and mass flow. Poor aeration can result from excess moisture or slow gas exchange. Improving drainage, tillage, and adding
Soil temperature
Soil temperature is an important plant growth factor like air, water and nutrients.
Soil temperature affects plant growth directly and indirectly.
Specific crops are adapted to specific soil temperatures.
Eg: Apple grows well when the soil temperature is about 18°C, maize 25°C, potato 16 to 21°C, and so on.
Soil Taxonomy & Classification
A soil is composed primarily of minerals which are produced from parent material that is weathered or broken into small pieces. Like the classification systems for plants and animals, the soil classification system contains several levels of details, from the most general to the most specific types. The most general level of classification system is the soil order, of which there are 12 major types. This module explains these classes.
Soil and water management
This document discusses different methods of irrigation for crop production. It describes surface irrigation techniques like wild flooding, controlled flooding using basins or borders/strips. Subsurface techniques include furrow irrigation with deep furrows or corrugations. Sprinkler irrigation involves applying water under pressure through nozzles to simulate rainfall. Drip irrigation applies water slowly to the soil surface near plant roots. The various methods are used depending on the crop type and soil properties to efficiently supply water for plant growth.
Soil aeration
1. Soil aeration is the exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide between the soil pores and atmosphere. It ensures sufficient oxygen for plant roots and microbes while preventing excess carbon dioxide build up.
2. Gaseous exchange occurs through both mass flow and diffusion. Mass flow is driven by pressure gradients while diffusion occurs down partial pressure gradients between the soil pores and atmosphere.
3. Factors like soil texture, structure, moisture and organic matter influence the gas composition and aeration status of soils by affecting the pore space available for gas exchange. Well-aerated soils support better plant growth.
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Role of Potassium in Plant Growth
Potassium is an essential nutrient for plant growth. It is involved in many important plant processes like photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and water regulation. While total potassium content in soils is usually high, most of it is unavailable to plants. Only a small portion in the forms of exchangeable and water soluble potassium is readily available. Maintaining adequate available potassium levels through fertilization is important for optimal plant growth, yield, quality and stress resistance. Deficiency can cause various symptoms like chlorosis and stunted growth. Proper soil testing and balanced fertilizer management practices are required to supply potassium needs of crops and minimize losses and environmental impacts.
types of soil
This document provides summaries of different soil types found in India:
- Black soil is dark grey to black in color with high clay content. It is found in 5.4 lakh sq km and suitable for cotton.
- Red soil is formed from weathered crystalline rocks. It is more sandy, less clayey, and poor in nutrients. It covers 3.5 lakh sq km.
- Laterite soil is brown to yellowish in color and forms a hard material used for building when exposed to air.
- Desert soil is sandy, porous, and low in nutrients and moisture. It covers 1.4 lakh sq km.
- Mountain soil is rich in humus and found in northeastern
The 12 soil orders
The document provides information on the 12 soil orders classified in Soil Taxonomy. It summarizes the key properties and global distribution of each soil order in 1-2 sentences. The soil orders discussed are Entisols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, Alfisols, Ultisols, Oxisols, Vertisols, Andisols, Histosols, Spodosols, Aridisols, and Gelisols. For each order, the text highlights characteristic features, climate and parent material associations, and examples of their occurrence around the world.
Fundamentals of soil science
Pedology is the study of soil formation, genesis, classification, and properties from a natural perspective. Edaphology focuses on how soil relates to plant growth, nutrition, and crop yields. Both fields examine the composition of soil, but pedology views soil as a natural body while edaphology emphasizes soil's relationship to agricultural production.
Soils
The document provides an overview of key concepts regarding soil properties, formation, classification, chemistry, biology, and issues. It defines soil and describes its composition, properties like texture and structure. Factors in soil formation like climate, biology, parent material and time are outlined. Major soil orders are defined based on the USDA soil taxonomy system. Key processes in the nitrogen and carbon cycles performed by soil microbiota are summarized. Issues related to soil degradation, salinization, and loss of agriculturally viable land due to human activities are briefly described.
Soil Texture and Structure
Soil texture is determined by the proportion of sand, silt, and clay particles in a soil. It affects properties like water holding capacity, permeability, workability, and plant growth. Texture can be determined through lab testing or the ribbon test. Soil structure refers to how the soil particles clump together, forming peds, and is important for tilth, permeability, and resisting compaction. Structure forms through processes like freezing/thawing and is strengthened by clay and organic matter. There are eight primary soil structures that vary in appearance.
Soil profile
The soil profile is defined as a vertical section of soil exposed when a soil pit is dug from the surface to the underlying bedrock. It contains different horizontal layers: the topsoil is the upper layer with the most organic matter and biological activity; the subsoil layers below accumulate materials leached from above; and the parent material is what the soil is forming from, influencing the soil composition based on its chemical and physical properties. The main cause of soil contamination is man-made waste containing unnatural chemicals, whereas natural waste adds fertility.
Advanced DOE with Minitab (presentation in Costa Rica)
This document describes using a split-plot design for a wind tunnel experiment to optimize the aerodynamic performance of a racecar. The experiment had 4 factors, with 2 that were hard-to-change (front and rear ride heights) and 2 that were easy-to-change (yaw angle and grill cover). A split-plot design was used to reduce the total time needed, collecting data from 45 runs over 10 hours instead of 36 runs over 30 hours. The analysis accounted for two sources of error and showed several significant factors for improving downforce and reducing drag.
Fpt 2093 soil_science_week_10_soil_taxonomy
The document discusses soil taxonomy and the US comprehensive soil classification system. It describes the hierarchical structure of the classification system, which categorizes soils into orders, suborders, great groups, subgroups, families, and series based on distinguishing characteristics like soil properties and diagnostic horizons. The key diagnostic horizons used in classification include epipedons (surface horizons) like the mollic and spodic horizons, and endopedons (subsurface horizons) like the argillic, calcic, and oxic horizons. Major soil orders discussed are Mollisols, Alfisols, Ultisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, and Spodosols.
Equilibrium
This document discusses static equilibrium and concepts related to determining if an object is in equilibrium. It defines static equilibrium as a state of balance where the forces acting on an object are balanced, causing it to remain at rest. It also discusses the center of gravity and how to locate it for different shapes, as well as the three states of equilibrium - stable, unstable, and neutral. Factors that determine an object's stability like mass, center of gravity location, and base of support are also covered.
Market Equilibrium
The document discusses market equilibrium, which occurs at the price where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded. This equilibrium price is found at the intersection of the supply and demand curves. At the equilibrium point, the market is balanced, with no excess supply or demand. Disequilibrium can occur if there is a shortage when demand exceeds supply, or a surplus when supply exceeds demand. The document also discusses how changes in supply or demand affect the equilibrium price and quantity, and introduces the concepts of consumer surplus and producer surplus.
Soil Profile
This document presents information about soil profiles and horizons. It discusses the key components of soil including minerals, organic material, air and water. It describes the distinct layers that make up a soil profile from the surface down to the bedrock. These layers are known as horizons, including the O, A, E, B, C and R horizons. Each horizon is defined by its composition, depth and role in soil formation and nutrient transport. The document provides details on the characteristics of each individual horizon that makes up the soil profile.
Classification os soil
This document provides information on two soil classification systems: the AASHTO and USCS systems. The AASHTO system classifies soils into eight groups (A-1 through A-8) based on particle size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index. The USCS system classifies soils into four categories (coarse-grained, fine-grained, organic, and peat) based on grain size, plasticity, and compressibility. Both systems use laboratory tests like sieve analysis and Atterberg limits to determine the soil classification group. The document describes the classification criteria and symbols used in detail for each system.
Characteristics of different types of soils
1. Black soil forms over 5.4 lakh sq km areas and is high in clay with cracks in summer. It is highly suitable for cotton growth.
2. Red soil forms over 3.5 lakh sq km areas from weathering of crystalline rocks. It is more sandy, low in nutrients and does not retain moisture well.
3. Laterite soil forms in high rainfall areas and is known for its brick-like hardness when exposed. It contains remnants of iron and aluminum oxides.
Soil properties and
This document discusses soil properties and classification. It describes several key soil properties including color, texture, humus, and structure. Soil color is influenced by mineral content, organic matter, iron, and moisture levels. Texture refers to particle size and is classified as sand, silt, or clay. Humus is decayed organic matter that provides nutrients and improves soil structure. Common soil structures include blocky, platy, massive, prismatic, and granular formations. Soils can be classified based on texture as sandy, loamy, or clayey soils.
Different types of soil
This document describes the different types of soil found in India, including alluvial, black, red, laterite, mountain, and desert soils. It provides details on the composition, location, and major crops grown in each soil type. The alluvial soil covers 40% of India and supports half the population. Black soil is found in Maharashtra and Gujarat and is suitable for cotton. Red soil occupies 10% of India and is suited to crops like rice, wheat, and pulses. Laterite soil forms under high rainfall and is located in southern India. Mountain soil contains humus and is found on hill slopes. Desert soil has high sand content and low rainfall, and is located in western India.
Formation Of Soil And Soil Types
Soil is a mixture of weathered rock and decayed organic matter that forms over long periods of time. Soil formation involves the weathering of bedrock, growth of mosses and vegetation, and decay of organisms which adds humus and nutrients to the soil layers. Soil is made up of distinct layers called horizons, with the topsoil near the surface containing the most plant roots and organic material. The type of soil that forms depends on various environmental factors like climate, vegetation, parent material, topography, and time.
Soil ppt
This document discusses the key components and formation of soil. It describes the six major components of soil as eroded rock, mineral nutrients, decaying organic matter, water, air, and living organisms. Soil forms through the weathering of bedrock and is influenced by physical, chemical, and biological factors. The document also outlines the horizons and properties of soil, such as texture and permeability, and explains their importance for supporting plant life. Various human impacts on and management of soil are also covered, such as erosion, conservation practices, and relevant legislation.
Soil Classification
This document discusses soil classification systems. It describes the purpose of classifying soils and two commonly used systems: the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials System (AASHTO). The USCS divides soils into major groups based on grain size and plasticity characteristics. The AASHTO system focuses on classifying soils for road construction using groups determined by liquid limit, plasticity index, and grain size distribution. Procedures and examples are provided for classifying soils in both systems.
Equilibrium & equation of equilibrium in 3D
This document provides information about equilibrium and related concepts in physics. It defines equilibrium as a state where opposing forces neutralize each other such that there is no net force acting on an object. Key points discussed include:
- The definition of equilibrium is derived from Latin words meaning "equal balance".
- Equilibrium can be static, with zero net force and no movement, or dynamic, with zero net force but constant motion.
- Newton's first law relates to equilibrium, stating that an object at rest stays at rest unless a net force acts on it.
- For an object to be in equilibrium, the net force and net torque on it must equal zero.
- Free body diagrams are used to visualize all
Viewers also liked (20)
Advanced DOE with Minitab (presentation in Costa Rica)
Advanced DOE with Minitab (presentation in Costa Rica)
Similar to Soil Orders in Pakistan
Assignment oxisol
Oxisols are highly weathered soils found primarily in tropical regions. They have undergone intense chemical weathering, which leaves them low in nutrients. The document discusses the definition, classification, distribution, and characteristics of Oxisols. Key points include that Oxisols have bright red colors due to iron and aluminum oxides, contain little organic matter or humus, and support agriculture when fertilizers are added due to their inherent low fertility. They cover about 7.5% of the global ice-free land area, with the largest areas found in South America and Africa.
soil orders.ppt
Soil taxonomy provides a standardized system for classifying soils based on measurable properties. It categorizes soils into six levels - order, suborder, great group, subgroup, family, and series. Diagnostic horizons are used to classify soils into the 12 soil orders. The system aims to organize soil knowledge, understand relationships between soils, establish groups for practical uses like predicting behavior and identifying best land uses. It considers factors affecting soil genesis like climate, vegetation, parent material, and relief of the area.
Item 3: ST and WRB, an introduction
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Black Soils: Mollisoils in the USA - Skye Wills and Paul Reich
International Symposium on Black Soils (ISBS18): Protect Black Soils, Invest in the Future, 10 - 12 September 2018, Harbin, China
Soil survey and classification
This document provides information on soil classification and taxonomy. It describes the major soil orders including Alfisols, Andisols, Aridisols, Entisols, Gelisols, Histosols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, Oxisols, Spodosols, Ultisols, and Vertisols. It also outlines the USDA soil taxonomy hierarchy from order down to soil series and explains the distinguishing characteristics used at each level such as diagnostic horizons, physical and chemical properties, texture, and consistence.
6-Tax-Soil-Orders-I.ppt
This document describes several soil orders including Gelisols, Mollisols, Alfisols, Ultisols, and Oxisols. It provides details on the key characteristics used to define each order and discusses factors involved in their formation such as climate, parent material, vegetation, relief and time. Gelisols are found in very cold climates with permafrost. Mollisols form under grasslands with a thick, dark surface horizon. Alfisols and Ultisols have an argillic horizon with differing levels of base saturation. Oxisols are highly weathered soils of the tropics with sesquioxide accumulation.
Oxisols
Oxisols are highly weathered tropical soils characterized by a deep subsurface horizon dominated by iron and aluminum oxides. They form under rainforest vegetation in areas with high rainfall and warm temperatures, causing intense chemical weathering that leaches most nutrients from the soil. Oxisols occupy about 8% of the world's land area, mostly in central Africa, northern South America, and southeast Asia. They require careful management and fertilization due to low fertility resulting from the weathering process.
Soil Profiles/Soil Horizons.ppt
This Presentation talks about soil horizons and their features. A presentation by https://www.botanylive.com/
11. Soil orders.pptx ........soil resource inventory
The document provides information on the 12 soil orders defined in USDA Soil Taxonomy. It describes the key characteristics and global distribution of three soil orders: Entisols, Inceptisols, and Alfisols. Entisols are soils of initial origin or immature soils with little development. Inceptisols have undergone early soil formation but have poor profile development. Alfisols exhibit more weathering than Inceptisols but less than Ultisols, and have a favorable moisture balance and good fertility.
Soil formation, Soil forming factors, Soil Classification, Soil orders
Soil, Soil profile, pedon, polypedon, soil forming factors, soil forming processes, USDA soil classification, soil orders, soils of India
Lecture 16 Morphology and Orders.ppt
This document provides information on soil taxonomy and classification. It discusses the hierarchy of soil taxonomy from broadest to most specific, including kingdom, order, suborder, great group, subgroup, family, and series. It describes several diagnostic horizons and their characteristics. It also discusses the major soil orders found in Florida and provides examples of suborders and lower classification terms.
Historical developments and modern system of soil classification.pptx
Classification allows scientist to accurately identify individual soil wherever they are.
Taxonomy provides basic understanding about the components of different soils which is necessary for effective decision-making about conservation and sustainable use.
Historical Developments In Soil Classification:
1. Economic classification
2. Physical classification
3. Chemical classification
4. Geological classification
5. Physiographic classification
Modern system of soil classification:
The first classification was proposed by dokuchaev (1870): soil is a natural body divided the soil into three categories
1. Normal (zonal): formation influenced by climate and vegetation
2. Transitional (intrazonal): more developed than azonal. Formation controlled by local factors like parent material and topography
3. Abnormal (azonal) : poorly developed this approach was based on the principle of soil genesis, role of vegetation and climate.
Soil Taxonomy (Comprehensive System Of Soil Classification):
System based on the measured or observed soil properties.
Surface and subsurface diagnostic horizons.
Moisture and temperature regime.
Color, texture, structure.
Organic matter, clay, iron, aluminium oxides, silicate clays, salts, ph, base saturation.
Soil depth.
Taxonomy & Classification.pdf
The document discusses soil classification systems. Soils are organized into groups based on observable properties to make the information understandable and usable. There are two main classification systems - natural systems which group soils based on how they formed, and technical systems which group soils based on characteristics like potential crop yields. The USDA's Soil Taxonomy is the main natural classification system, grouping soils globally into orders, suborders, and other categories based on characteristics of soil horizons and formation factors.
Rahul Bajpai M.tech Remote sensing & GIS RSACUP
This document provides information about soil, including its definition, components, formation processes, types, properties, classification, surveys, and relationship with plants. It begins by defining soil from traditional, geologic, engineering, and agronomic perspectives. The main components of soil are described as being decomposition, translocation, leaching, and weathering. The document then discusses the major soil types found in India and their characteristics. It also outlines some key physical and chemical properties of soil and how soil surveys are conducted. In the end, it briefly explains the important relationship between soil and plants.
soil orders.pdf
Concept, Key Identifying Features, Formation, Distribution and Land use of Aridisol, Andisol and Gelisol
Soil
|| A note on soil ||
|| Introduction/Profile of soil ||
|| Characteristics &Types of soil ||
|| Production & Formation of soil ||
|| Properties & classification of soil ||
Soil order II AGRI SILVI GURU II SOIL SCIENCE II STEPS BY STEP GUIDE
DESCRIBE ABOUT 12 SOIL ORDER
CHRYSANTHEMUM https://youtu.be/58tuqy_1SgY
ANTHURIUM https://youtu.be/DcbomK21Dm0
FLOWER SHOWS IN INDIA https://youtu.be/9VoTHd4qmmY
ANNUAL FLOWERS https://youtu.be/NqlQCuCbndk
SHRUBS FOR GARDENING https://youtu.be/U6w6mIt8y0g
TREES FOR GARDENING https://youtu.be/xVrTnRfIi_k
FLOWER ARRANGEMENT https://youtu.be/uvT-kI_wah4
Soil and soil diversity
- Soils are found on the surface of the Earth and are mixtures of mineral particles, organic matter, air, water and living organisms. They form the foundation of terrestrial ecosystems.
- The Philippines has a diversity of soil types due to its archipelagic geography. The six major soil orders are Ultisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols, Vertisols, Entisols and Oxisols. These support various agricultural activities.
- Soil formation is influenced by climate, living organisms, parent material, topography and time. Proper soil management through practices like crop rotation can maintain and improve soil fertility.
Soils Part 2
Soils differ based on a combination of factors and processes that affect soil characteristics in an area. The key factors that influence soil formation are climate, relief, parent material, living things, and time. Together these factors determine which natural processes like weathering, leaching, and humification occur, thereby affecting the color, structure, texture, organic content, pH, and water content of soils.
Unit6 T.B Mbele.pptx
This document provides an overview of soil composition and formation. It discusses that soil is made up of mineral grains, water, air, and organic matter. Soil formation occurs over time through erosion, hardening of minerals, and combination with organic matter. Five factors that affect soil formation are also outlined: climate, biotic factors, topography, parent material, and time. The document then covers soil horizons, classifications, properties, chemistry, and the relationship between soil chemistry and the environment.
Similar to Soil Orders in Pakistan (20)
Black Soils: Mollisoils in the USA - Skye Wills and Paul Reich
Black Soils: Mollisoils in the USA - Skye Wills and Paul Reich
11. Soil orders.pptx ........soil resource inventory
11. Soil orders.pptx ........soil resource inventory
Soil formation, Soil forming factors, Soil Classification, Soil orders
Soil formation, Soil forming factors, Soil Classification, Soil orders
Historical developments and modern system of soil classification.pptx
Historical developments and modern system of soil classification.pptx
Soil order II AGRI SILVI GURU II SOIL SCIENCE II STEPS BY STEP GUIDE
Soil order II AGRI SILVI GURU II SOIL SCIENCE II STEPS BY STEP GUIDE
More from Ghulam Asghar
Organic Farming
Organic farming can be defined as, "an integrated farming system that strives for sustainability, the enhancement of soil fertility and biological diversity whilst, with rare exceptions, prohibiting synthetic pesticides, antibiotics, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, and growth hormones".
Remote Sensing Applications in Agriculture in Pakistan
"Remote sensing is the science of acquiring, processing, and Interpreting images and related data without physical contact with object that are obtained from ground based, air or space-borne instruments that record the interaction between target and electromagnetic radiation."
Economic importance and Production technology of Oil Palm
Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palms, primarily the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis, and to a lesser extent from the American oil palm Elaeis oleifera and the maripa palm Attalea maripa.
Palm oil is naturally reddish in color because of a high beta-carotene content. It is not to be confused with palm kernel oil derived from the kernel of the same fruit.
Economic importance and Phenological description of maize
Phenology is the qualitative and quantitative description of a plant’s life cycle from seed to seed.
Effect of Heavy Metals on Plants
A heavy metal is toxic when relatively it is dense metal or metalloid that is noted for its potential toxicity, especially in environmental contexts.
Heavy metal toxicity means excess of required concentration or it is unwanted which were found naturally on the earth, and become concentrated as a result of human caused activities.
Then enter in plant, animal and human tissues via inhalation, diet and manual handling, and can bind to, and interfere with the functioning of vital cellular components.
Application of Plant Growth Regulators (PGR's) in Agriculture
Plant Growth regulators (PGR's) refers to natural or synthetic substances influence (promote or retard) the growth and development of plants.
Concept of Water Management for Crops in Pakistan
"Water Management is the integrated process of intake, conveyance, regulation, measurement, distribution, application and use of irrigation water and drainage of excess water with proper amount and at right time for the purpose of increasing crop production and water economy in conjunction with improved agricultural practices."
Seed Priming
“Seed priming is a controlled hydration technique in which seeds are soaked in water or low osmotic potential solution to a point where germination related metabolic activities begin in the seeds but radical emergence does not occur.”
Environmental Changes and their Impact on Forest
The document discusses various types of environmental change and pollution including greenhouse gases, acid rain, water pollution, soil pollution, and their causes and effects. It provides details on how the greenhouse effect leads to global warming, how acid rain harms forests and plants. It also explains various sources of water pollution like sewage, industrial and agricultural waste, and oil spills. Sources of soil pollution discussed include pesticides, mining, coal ash, and treated sewage sludge. Health effects of soil pollution mentioned are effects on plant growth and risks of diseases from exposure to heavy metals and other contaminants.
Uses of Capparis Plant in Arid Zone
The document summarizes the uses of the Capparis plant in arid zones. Capparis decidua, commonly known as Forsk or Kirer, grows in arid regions and provides several benefits. It is used as a food source for camels, goats, and humans. The fruit is eaten and also used to make pickles. The plant additionally serves as an important fodder for camels. Capparis wood produces charcoal and firewood, and its hard wood is used for pipes and troughs. Various parts of the plant have traditional medicinal uses such as treating diabetes, fractures, asthma, and other ailments. It also helps control erosion and provides shade in desert areas.
Integrated weed management (iwm)
An integrated weed management approach to land management combines the use of complementary weed control methods such as grazing, herbicide application, land fallowing, and biological control.
Tillage implements for weed control
Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning. It is an important method used for control of weeds.
Allelopathy
Allelopathy is the chemical inhibition of one plant (or other organism) by another, due to the release into the environment of substances acting as germination or growth inhibitors.
Weed management Systems in Field Crops
This document discusses weed management systems for field crops. It outlines different weed management systems including those for small grain crops and row crops. The key components of a weed management system are prevention, mechanical control, cultural control, biological control and chemical control. Prevention involves using weed-free seeds and equipment. Mechanical control involves tillage. Cultural control involves practices like crop rotation. Biological control uses organisms to control weeds. Chemical control can use herbicides that are broad spectrum, selective, contact or systemic. An integrated weed control system combines these different approaches.
Mulching for soil and Water Conservation
This document discusses mulching as a solution to problems in arid zones like low precipitation and high temperatures. It defines mulching as a layer of material applied to soil to maintain moisture and improve soil conditions. It describes organic mulches which are temporary and add organic matter and nutrients to soil, and inorganic mulches which do not decompose. The advantages of mulching are that it moderates soil temperature, reduces evaporation, stabilizes soil moisture, controls weeds and erosion, and provides nutrients as it breaks down. Mulching helps conserve water and soil in arid zones.
More from Ghulam Asghar (15)
Remote Sensing Applications in Agriculture in Pakistan
Remote Sensing Applications in Agriculture in Pakistan
Economic importance and Production technology of Oil Palm
Economic importance and Production technology of Oil Palm
Economic importance and Phenological description of maize
Economic importance and Phenological description of maize
Application of Plant Growth Regulators (PGR's) in Agriculture
Application of Plant Growth Regulators (PGR's) in Agriculture
Recently uploaded
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Presented by Agus Julianto on GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge EducationGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Feri Johana at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
Peatlands of Latin America and the Caribbean
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
一比一原版(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
◆◆◆◆◆ — — — — — — — — 【留学教育】留学归国服务中心 — — — — — -◆◆◆◆◆
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微信：6496090】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微信：6496090】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
学历顾问：微信：6496090
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...Global Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Sonya Dewi at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyOverview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
Presented by Patrick Scheel at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Climate Change All over the World .pptx
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland managementGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Jan Peters at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and ActionRecently uploaded (20)
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Soil Orders in Pakistan
- 2. SOIL ORDERS DESCRIPTION AND USES
- 3. SOIL CLASSIFICATION “Soil classification is the systematic grouping of soil into various categories based on morphological, mineralogical and chemical features.” Soil Taxonomy “Taxonomy is the science that deals with laws and principles of soil classification.”
- 4. CATEGORIES OF SOIL TAXONOMY • Six levels of the categories in the hierarchy of soil taxonomy: 1) Order 2) Sub-order 3) Great group 4) Sub-group 5) Family 6) Series
- 5. ORDERS There are twelve orders all over the world: Order Name Formative Element Memory Device Alfisols alf Pedalfer Andisols and Andolike Aridisols id Arid Entisols ent Recent Histosols ist Histology Inceptisols ept Inception Mollisols oll Mollify Oxisols ox Oxide Spodosols od Podzols Ultisols ult Ultimate Gelisols gl Frozen Vertisols ert Invert
- 6. 1. Alfisols: Relatively high base saturation; not organic rich; evidence of clay transport. 2. Andisols: Soils derived major properties from volcanic parent material. High P fixation. 3. Aridisols: Arid soils; Low in organic matter; high in salts and pH. 4. Entisols: Not well-developed even after long periods (can occur anywhere) 5. Histosols: Soils formed from organic matter(peats and mucks). 6. Inceptisols: Moderately weathered soils. ORDERS
- 7. 7. Mollisols: Brown-black surface horizons; High in organic matter, vermiculite or smectite. 8. Oxisols: Highly-weathered; Only quartz, kaolinite, and Fe and Al oxides left (e.g., tropical rainforest). 9. Spodosols: Evidence of Fe, Al, and organic matter transport; Often a whitish E Horizon (e.g., boreal forest). 10. Ultisols: low base saturation soils. 11. Vertisols: Mixed soils; Swelling clays, frost, etc cause lower horizons to mix with upper horizons; Often characterized by cracks. 12. Gelisols: Frozen soils ORDERS
- 8. ORDERS IN PAKISTAN • There are six orders in Pakistan: 1. Aridisols 2. Entisols 3. Inceptisols 4. Alfisols 5. Vertisols 6. Mollisols Aridisols>Entisols>Inceptisols>Alfisols>Vertisols>Mollisols
- 9. ARIDISOLS: Description: Extent: 259710 Km2 Aridisols have a very low concentration of organic matter. Water deficiency is the major defining characteristic of Aridisols. Also required is sufficient age to exhibit sub-soil weathering and development. Occurring: Arid and Semi-arid Climates Land Use: Wheat, Cotton, Rice and fodder Purposes
- 10. ENTISOLS: Description: Extent: 177000 Km2 These soils lacks any soil profile development except for some humification and homogenization in the surface horizon. Occurring: Dry Climate Land Use: Use for winter crops (Mustard, grams, wheat)
- 11. INCEPTISOLS: Description: Extent: 27700 Km2 They form quickly through alteration of parent material. They are more developed than Entisols. They have no accumulation of clays, iron oxide, aluminum oxide or organic matter. Occurring: Sub-humid areas Land Use: Wheat, apple, apricot, millet, maize, grazing livestock etc.
- 12. ALFISOLS: Description: Extent: 8350 Km2 They have a clay-enriched subsoil and relatively high native fertility. "Alf" refers to aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe). Occurring: Alfisols form in semiarid to humid areas. Land Use: Grazing livestock, Wheat and Rice.
- 13. VERTISOLS: Description: Extent: 8350 Km2 A Vertisols is a soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Alternate shrinking and swelling causes self-mulching. Occurring: Sub humid areas Land Use: Rice, Berseem, Wheat, Mustard, Sorghum and gram under irrigation.
- 14. MOLLISOLS: Description: Extent: 6100 Km2 Mollisols have deep, high organic matter, nutrient-enriched surface soil. Dark in colour Occurring: Sub-humid highlands Land Use: Wood cutting and grazing of livestock