Allelopathy is the chemical inhibition of one plant (or other organism) by another, due to the release into the environment of substances acting as germination or growth inhibitors.
A brief study on Integrated Nutrient Management (INM). This presentation has created by me after studying many articles and research papers regarding INM. Suggestions are kindly invited.
A brief study on Integrated Nutrient Management (INM). This presentation has created by me after studying many articles and research papers regarding INM. Suggestions are kindly invited.
This ppt is about the distribution of wasteland and problem soils. Those lands are wastelands which are ecologically unstable,
whose topsoil has nearly been completely lost, and
which have developed toxicity in the root zones or growth of most plants, both annual crops and trees”.
intro-classification-salt accumulation in soil imapairs plant function and soil structure-physiological effects on crop growth and development-osmotic effect and specific ion effects-plant use different strategies to avoid salt injury
What is Allelopathy?
The word allelopathy derives from two separate words.
They are allelon which means "of each other", and pathos which means "to suffer".
What is Allelopathy?
The word allelopathy derives from two separate words.
They are allelon which means "of each other", and pathos which means "to suffer".
Allelopathy refers to the chemical inhibition of one species by another. The "inhibitory" chemical is released into the environment where it affects the development and growth of neighboring plants.
This ppt is about the distribution of wasteland and problem soils. Those lands are wastelands which are ecologically unstable,
whose topsoil has nearly been completely lost, and
which have developed toxicity in the root zones or growth of most plants, both annual crops and trees”.
intro-classification-salt accumulation in soil imapairs plant function and soil structure-physiological effects on crop growth and development-osmotic effect and specific ion effects-plant use different strategies to avoid salt injury
What is Allelopathy?
The word allelopathy derives from two separate words.
They are allelon which means "of each other", and pathos which means "to suffer".
What is Allelopathy?
The word allelopathy derives from two separate words.
They are allelon which means "of each other", and pathos which means "to suffer".
Allelopathy refers to the chemical inhibition of one species by another. The "inhibitory" chemical is released into the environment where it affects the development and growth of neighboring plants.
Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms.
These biochemicals are known as allelochemicals and can have beneficial (positive allelopathy) or detrimental (negative allelopathy) effects on the target organisms.
“Plant growth regulators in relation
To Vegetable production ;Role and mode of
Action of Morphactins , antitranspirants ,
anti-auxins , Ripening retardant and Plant
Stimulants in Vegetable crop Production”
A Review: Using Marigolds (Tagetes spp.) as an Alternative to Chemical Nemati...IJAEMSJORNAL
Most plant parasitic nematode management methods are pre-plant treatments. One such treatment is the planting of cover crops that can reduce nematode populations. A cover crop is a crop that is grown before the main cash crop is planted. This method is used to either avoid soil erosion caused by fallowing land, or to reduce a pest that cannot reproduce on the cover crop for various reasons. Some cover crops release substances that are able to suppress other organisms. This is called allelopathy. Marigold (Tagetes spp.) which is a popular bedding plant, can be used as such a cover crop. The root exudates of marigold known to contain toxic bioactive chemicals having nematicidal, insecticidal, fungicidal, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. Thus as a method of biocontrol of plant parasitic nematodes, growing of marigolds is not only a comely but also highly economical and helps in environmental amelioration.
Organic farming can be defined as, "an integrated farming system that strives for sustainability, the enhancement of soil fertility and biological diversity whilst, with rare exceptions, prohibiting synthetic pesticides, antibiotics, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, and growth hormones".
Remote Sensing Applications in Agriculture in PakistanGhulam Asghar
"Remote sensing is the science of acquiring, processing, and Interpreting images and related data without physical contact with object that are obtained from ground based, air or space-borne instruments that record the interaction between target and electromagnetic radiation."
Economic importance and Production technology of Oil PalmGhulam Asghar
Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palms, primarily the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis, and to a lesser extent from the American oil palm Elaeis oleifera and the maripa palm Attalea maripa.
Palm oil is naturally reddish in color because of a high beta-carotene content. It is not to be confused with palm kernel oil derived from the kernel of the same fruit.
A heavy metal is toxic when relatively it is dense metal or metalloid that is noted for its potential toxicity, especially in environmental contexts.
Heavy metal toxicity means excess of required concentration or it is unwanted which were found naturally on the earth, and become concentrated as a result of human caused activities.
Then enter in plant, animal and human tissues via inhalation, diet and manual handling, and can bind to, and interfere with the functioning of vital cellular components.
Concept of Water Management for Crops in PakistanGhulam Asghar
"Water Management is the integrated process of intake, conveyance, regulation, measurement, distribution, application and use of irrigation water and drainage of excess water with proper amount and at right time for the purpose of increasing crop production and water economy in conjunction with improved agricultural practices."
“Seed priming is a controlled hydration technique in which seeds are soaked in water or low osmotic potential solution to a point where germination related metabolic activities begin in the seeds but radical emergence does not occur.”
Environmental Changes and their Impact on ForestGhulam Asghar
Climate change is affecting our natural environment. This presentation deals with understanding of effects of environmental changes on forests and mitigation methods.
Capparis decidua is commonly known as karir, is a useful plant in its marginal habitat. Its spicy fruits are used for preparing vegetables, curry and fine pickles and can attract helpful insectivores; the plant also is used in folk medicine and herbalism. It can be used in landscape gardening, afforestation and reforestation in semidesert and desert areas; it provides assistance against soil erosion.
An integrated weed management approach to land management combines the use of complementary weed control methods such as grazing, herbicide application, land fallowing, and biological control.
Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning. It is an important method used for control of weeds.
Weed Management system is an environmentally sound system of farming using all available knowledge and tools to produce crops free of economically damaging, competitive vegetation.
Potassium is an essential plant nutrient and is required in large amounts for proper growth and reproduction of plants. It affects the plant shape, size, color, taste and other measurements attributed to healthy produce.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
4. ALLELOPATHY
Definition
Greek words
allelon which means "of each other“
pathos which means "to suffer".
“Allelopathy refers chemicals
released into the environment
where it affects the development
and growth of neighboring plants”
5. Forms of Allelopathic Interactions
Forms of Allelopathy
Weed on
Crop
Weed on
Weed
Crop on weed
7. Allelopathic Interaction
2) Weed on Weed
Impereta cylindrica (Cogon grass) inhibits the emergence and growth
of an annual broadleaf weed i.e. Borreria hispada (Button weed) by
exudation inhibitory substances through rhizomes.
Inhibits
13. Types of allelopathy
1. True Allelopathy
The true allelopathy is the release of substances that are toxic in the form
in which they are produced in the plant.
2. Functional Allelopathy
Functional allelopathy is the release of substances that are toxic or a
result of transformation by micro-organism .
14. Ways of releasing Allelochemicals
Allelopathic chemicals are released from
the plants as:
Vapour – from root and leaf (through
stomata)
Foliar
Root
Breakdown/ decomposition product of
dead plant parts
Seed extract
15. Factors affecting Allelopathic effect
Allelopathic effects might also depend on a number of other factors that might be
important in any given situation:
Varieties
Specificity
Auto-toxicity
Crop on crop effects
Environmental factors
16. Advantages of Allelopathy
1) Limit competition for space,
light, nutrients, water
2) Autotoxity (Chemical produced
inhibits germination of it's own
seeds)
3) Allelopathic Weed Suppression
Through the Use of Cover Crops
17. Allelopathy and Weed Management
Allelopathic extracts have been successfully
used for organic weed management.
Allelochemicals are diverse in nature and
structure and thus lack common mode of
action.
This phytotoxic activity of Allelochemicals is
responsible for growth suppression of weeds.
18. Allelopathy and competition
Plants will compete for sunlight, water
and nutrients.
Allelopathic plants prevent other plants
from using the available resources and
thus influence the evolution and
distribution of other species.
19. Management of Plant Allelopathy
Arrangement of Cropping Systems
Crop allelopathy can be effectively used to
control weeds in the field.
By intercropping those field crops which can
suppress weeds of next crops
20. Management of Plant Allelopathy
Straw Mulching
Allelopathic applications, such as straw
mulching, provide sustainable weed
management
The allelochemicals from decomposed
straw can suppress weed growth in
farmlands, and reduce the incidence of
pests and diseases.