Sodium hydroxide has several industrial uses including soap making, cleaning, aluminum production, and paper pulping. It is used to saponify fats into soap and glycerol in soap making. As a strong base, it is an effective cleaning agent when added to hot water to dissolve oils and grease. Sodium hydroxide is also used in the Bayer process to extract aluminum from bauxite ore and in producing cryolite. In paper pulping, it aids in removing lignin from wood fibers and acts as a pH regulator and bleaching agent.
Textile bleaching is one of the stages in the manufacture of textiles. All raw textile materials, when they are in natural form, are known as 'greige' material. This greige material will have its natural color, odor and impurities that are not suitable for clothing materials
10 major industrial applications of sulfuric acidrita martin
sulfuric acid commonly known as king of chemicals and also as oil of vitriol find its applications across many industries like lubricants, drugs, rayon, metal processing, batteries, chemical manufacturing and more
Textile bleaching is one of the stages in the manufacture of textiles. All raw textile materials, when they are in natural form, are known as 'greige' material. This greige material will have its natural color, odor and impurities that are not suitable for clothing materials
10 major industrial applications of sulfuric acidrita martin
sulfuric acid commonly known as king of chemicals and also as oil of vitriol find its applications across many industries like lubricants, drugs, rayon, metal processing, batteries, chemical manufacturing and more
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TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENT, GENERAL FEATURES OF THE MAIN TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENT, ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT (OPC), RAPID HARDENING PORTLAND CEMENT, SPECIAL TYPES OF RAPID HARDENING PORTLAND CEMENT, MANUFACTURE OF PORTLAND CEMENT, Raw Materials, Crushing & Grinding of Raw Materials,Type of cement processes, Wet Process, Dry process, Burning Process, Grinding, storage, packing, dispatch,CEMENT CHEMISTRY,Chemical Compositions,Bogue’s Equations, Fineness of cement
3 modren sodium hydroxide manufacturing methodsrita martin
Sodium hydroxide also known as caustic soda with chemical formula NaOH found in many forms caustic soda lye, flakes, granules and solid. Produced using three different process Mercury Cell, Diaphragm cell, Membrane Cell methods
Sulfur oxides are produced from the burning of fossil fuels, mainly coal and oil, and the smelting of metal ores that contain sulfur.
Emissions of sulfur oxides cause serious impacts on human health and the environment, both directly and as a result of the way they react with other substances in the air.
Sulfur oxides are main precursors of atmospheric acidification, aerosol generation, and acidic dry and wet deposition.
There are many methods available for controlling the emission of SO2. Such as:
extraction of sulfur from fuel oils.
Sulfur reduction within combustion chamber.
Treating of flue gases.
DRY METHODS:
Mainly in industries dry, elevated temperature removal processes are used as cold plume is not formed and problem of handling large amount of slurry in flue gases is avoided.
But there are technical issues resulting in such method making wet method more applicable in industries.
Adsorption of SO2 by metal oxides to from stable sulphites or sulphates with subsequent regeneration.
-Alkalized Alumina Process
-Manganese Oxide Process
Adsorption on activated carbon followed by regeneration and conversion of concentrated SO2 to sulphuric acid or elemental sulphur.
-The Reinluft Process
ALKALIZED ALUMINA PROCESS:
Also called as Cyclic Adsorption Process.
It was developed by U.S Bureau of Mines.
Adsorbent used : Sodium Aluminate (Na2O.Al2O3)-it is porous form.
This process uses Sodium Aluminate (Na2O.Al2O3) to remove SO2 in fluidized bed at 315°C.
Na2O.Al2O3 + SO2 + ½ O2 → Na2SO4 + Al2SO3
The product of above reaction is then contacted with a reducing gas such as H2 in a regenerator at 680°C to produce H2S.
Na2SO4 + Al2O3 + 4H2 → Na2O.Al2O3 + H2S + 3H2O
Sodium Aluminate is recycled back and H2S is sent to Claus Process for producing Sulphur.
Unicorn Chemicals Co. is a leading name in manufacturing and trading an extensive range of chemicals which find wide application in different industrial sectors. Based in Kolkata, our company was established in the year 2010. Using our wide domain expertise and in-depth market knowledge we have been able to set up an organized infrastructure and network which are aiding us to escalate our business to new heights.
Our products are all manufactured using the most authentic and top quality ingredients which are formulated in their correct ratio to bring out the most desired results. All these chemicals are appreciated for their environment friendly and non-toxic nature which do not cause any adverse impact on the human body. These chemicals find effective application like dehumidification, fluid purification operations, air separation and other chemical treatment.
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Sodium hydroxide industrial use
1. The industry use of sodium hydroxide:<br />Sodium hydroxide, also sometimes called lye, is a corrosive substance and because of this property, it is widely used in industry for soap making, as a cleaning agent, in aluminum production and for paper pulping.<br />Soap making: <br />Sodium hydroxide is used to produce soap; the common fats, triglyceride esters react with sodium hydroxide to form glycerol and the sodium salt of the fatty acid which is soap. The reaction between a strong base and a fat is called ‘saponification’, and can be represented by the following chemical reaction between olive oil and sodium hydroxide:<br />http://www.digipac.ca/chemical/mtom/contents/chapter3/making_soap.htm<br />The equation can be simplified to C18H36O2 + NaOH = alcohol + salt of the carboxylic acid (soap)<br />Cleaning agent:<br />For the same theory of soap making, in industry, sodium hydroxide can be used as cleaning agent and it is called ‘caustic’. Sodium hydroxide is usually added to hot water and then can be used to dissolve fat, grease, oil and protein based deposits. This is why sodium hydroxide is often contained in oven cleaners.<br />Sodium hydroxide solution is widely used in cleaning the oil which is used in making metal products. Compared to CFC (chlorofluorocarbon, a powerful substance to clean the oil), it does not pollute the environment. The industrial oil does not react easily, so it needs energy to break it up to react; the hot water provides the energy required to make the sodium hydroxide work efficiently.<br />Aluminum production:<br />Aluminium ore is usually contained in the mineral bauxite that is a mixture of hydrated aluminium oxides Al2O3 and hydrated iron oxides, Fe2O3. In aluminum refining, sodium hydroxide takes the job of separating the aluminium oxides and other substances in the ore. The process is called ‘Bayer Process’ and it produces pure alumina from bauxite. In the process, the sodium hydroxide will only react with aluminium oxide and form sodium aluminates, NaAl(OH)4 which are in solution, and after filtration, the iron oxide and other substances will be separated. <br />The ironic equation will be: <br />Al2O3(s) + 2 OH−(aq) + 3 H2O(l) -> 2 [Al(OH)4] (aq)−<br />The equation with NaOH:<br />Al2O3(s) + 3H2O(l) + 2NaOH(aq) -----> 2NaAl(OH)4(aq)<br />After that, aluminum oxide will precipitate due to the introduction of the aluminum hydroxide and then the precipitates are washed and heated to form pure aluminum.<br />http://www.aluminiumville.co.uk/bapro.html<br />Cryolite, Na3AlF6 Production:<br />Cryolite is a useful material that is used in the production of potassium aluminium sulphate, sodium carbonate and aluminium sulphate. To produce this material, aluminium oxide, hydrogen fluoride and sodium hydroxide are required. <br />With the similar equation as aluminium production:<br />Al2O3 + 2NaOH = 2NaAlO2 (Aluminate) + H2O<br />6HF + 3NaAlO2 = Na3AlF6 (Cryolite) + 2Al(OH)3<br />http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cryolite.jpg/220px-Cryolite.jpg<br />Paper pulp industry: <br />In the process of paper making, there are two main parts: pulping and papermaking. Pulping is a process of delignification-removing lignin from wood while leaving cellulose fibers intact.1 In paper pulp industry, a chemical method is usually selected. After breaking all the fibers apart, an amount of water is added to form a mixture of 95% water and 5% fibers which is then transferred to the paper machine to produce paper.<br />There are always some excess chemicals used to pulp the paper, sodium hydroxide will help regenerate these chemicals to reduce the cost. Because of the corrosive property of sodium hydroxide, it will also be added to the process of bleaching to increasing the efficiency. It also has a function of PH control. During the pulp process, sodium hydroxide helps the PH stays at around 8 where the hypochlorite bleach works the most efficiently.<br />Cl2 + H2O ⇌ H+ + Cl- + HClO <br />‘At pH > 8 the dominant species is hypochlorite, ClO-, which is also useful for lignin removal. Sodium hypochlorite can be purchased or generated in situ by reacting chlorine with sodium hydroxide.’2<br />2 NaOH + Cl2 ⇌ NaOCl + NaCl + H2O <br />Sodium hydroxide is also used in paper recycling. When the wasted paper is placed into the sodium hydroxide solution, the paper will swell and that helps to remove the ink.<br />www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Paper.html<br />Bibliography:<br />Pulp and Paper Chemistry, American chemical society, viewed 8/10/10<br /><http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1188&content_id=CTP_003400&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=ce8fdb32-9eed-4c91-9593-ff98b2b64e0e><br />Bleaching of paper, wikipedia, viewed 9/10/10<br /><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleaching_of_wood_pulp><br />Making soap, Digipac Microcomputer software, viewed 8/10/10<br />< http://www.digipac.ca/chemical/mtom/contents/chapter3/making_soap.htm><br />Sodium hydroxide – Uses, global oneness, viewed 8/10/10<br />< http://www.experiencefestival.com/sodium_hydroxide_-_uses><br />
![The industry use of sodium hydroxide:<br />Sodium hydroxide, also sometimes called lye, is a corrosive substance and because of this property, it is widely used in industry for soap making, as a cleaning agent, in aluminum production and for paper pulping.<br />Soap making: <br />Sodium hydroxide is used to produce soap; the common fats, triglyceride esters react with sodium hydroxide to form glycerol and the sodium salt of the fatty acid which is soap. The reaction between a strong base and a fat is called ‘saponification’, and can be represented by the following chemical reaction between olive oil and sodium hydroxide:<br />http://www.digipac.ca/chemical/mtom/contents/chapter3/making_soap.htm<br />The equation can be simplified to C18H36O2 + NaOH = alcohol + salt of the carboxylic acid (soap)<br />Cleaning agent:<br />For the same theory of soap making, in industry, sodium hydroxide can be used as cleaning agent and it is called ‘caustic’. Sodium hydroxide is usually added to hot water and then can be used to dissolve fat, grease, oil and protein based deposits. This is why sodium hydroxide is often contained in oven cleaners.<br />Sodium hydroxide solution is widely used in cleaning the oil which is used in making metal products. Compared to CFC (chlorofluorocarbon, a powerful substance to clean the oil), it does not pollute the environment. The industrial oil does not react easily, so it needs energy to break it up to react; the hot water provides the energy required to make the sodium hydroxide work efficiently.<br />Aluminum production:<br />Aluminium ore is usually contained in the mineral bauxite that is a mixture of hydrated aluminium oxides Al2O3 and hydrated iron oxides, Fe2O3. In aluminum refining, sodium hydroxide takes the job of separating the aluminium oxides and other substances in the ore. The process is called ‘Bayer Process’ and it produces pure alumina from bauxite. In the process, the sodium hydroxide will only react with aluminium oxide and form sodium aluminates, NaAl(OH)4 which are in solution, and after filtration, the iron oxide and other substances will be separated. <br />The ironic equation will be: <br />Al2O3(s) + 2 OH−(aq) + 3 H2O(l) -> 2 [Al(OH)4] (aq)−<br />The equation with NaOH:<br />Al2O3(s) + 3H2O(l) + 2NaOH(aq) -----> 2NaAl(OH)4(aq)<br />After that, aluminum oxide will precipitate due to the introduction of the aluminum hydroxide and then the precipitates are washed and heated to form pure aluminum.<br />http://www.aluminiumville.co.uk/bapro.html<br />Cryolite, Na3AlF6 Production:<br />Cryolite is a useful material that is used in the production of potassium aluminium sulphate, sodium carbonate and aluminium sulphate. To produce this material, aluminium oxide, hydrogen fluoride and sodium hydroxide are required. <br />With the similar equation as aluminium production:<br />Al2O3 + 2NaOH = 2NaAlO2 (Aluminate) + H2O<br />6HF + 3NaAlO2 = Na3AlF6 (Cryolite) + 2Al(OH)3<br />http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cryolite.jpg/220px-Cryolite.jpg<br />Paper pulp industry: <br />In the process of paper making, there are two main parts: pulping and papermaking. Pulping is a process of delignification-removing lignin from wood while leaving cellulose fibers intact.1 In paper pulp industry, a chemical method is usually selected. After breaking all the fibers apart, an amount of water is added to form a mixture of 95% water and 5% fibers which is then transferred to the paper machine to produce paper.<br />There are always some excess chemicals used to pulp the paper, sodium hydroxide will help regenerate these chemicals to reduce the cost. Because of the corrosive property of sodium hydroxide, it will also be added to the process of bleaching to increasing the efficiency. It also has a function of PH control. During the pulp process, sodium hydroxide helps the PH stays at around 8 where the hypochlorite bleach works the most efficiently.<br />Cl2 + H2O ⇌ H+ + Cl- + HClO <br />‘At pH > 8 the dominant species is hypochlorite, ClO-, which is also useful for lignin removal. Sodium hypochlorite can be purchased or generated in situ by reacting chlorine with sodium hydroxide.’2<br />2 NaOH + Cl2 ⇌ NaOCl + NaCl + H2O <br />Sodium hydroxide is also used in paper recycling. When the wasted paper is placed into the sodium hydroxide solution, the paper will swell and that helps to remove the ink.<br />www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Paper.html<br />Bibliography:<br />Pulp and Paper Chemistry, American chemical society, viewed 8/10/10<br /><http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1188&content_id=CTP_003400&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=ce8fdb32-9eed-4c91-9593-ff98b2b64e0e><br />Bleaching of paper, wikipedia, viewed 9/10/10<br /><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleaching_of_wood_pulp><br />Making soap, Digipac Microcomputer software, viewed 8/10/10<br />< http://www.digipac.ca/chemical/mtom/contents/chapter3/making_soap.htm><br />Sodium hydroxide – Uses, global oneness, viewed 8/10/10<br />< http://www.experiencefestival.com/sodium_hydroxide_-_uses><br />](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sodiumhydroxide-industrialuse-101011020602-phpapp02/85/Sodium-hydroxide-industrial-use-1-320.jpg)
