The document discusses several key aspects of social identity and its construction:
1. It outlines two frameworks for understanding identity - essentialism and social constructionism. Social constructionism views identity as shaped by social forces like institutions, power structures, and interactions with others.
2. It then examines how social structures, statuses, roles, and socialization influence the development of identity. Ascribed statuses like gender or ethnicity impact social roles and expectations.
3. Several theorists are discussed that contributed to understanding how identity is constructed through social interactions and perceptions, such as Cooley's looking glass self, Mead's distinction between self and identity, and Goffman's idea of front stage and back stage behavior.
4
This document was adopted from the Resource Center Team within the Office of Diversity & Inclusion of Amherst College as a guide to common, shared language around identity.
This project emerged out of a need to come to a common and shared understanding of language in order to foster opportunities for community building and effective communication within and across difference.
This is a list of carefully researched and thoughtfully discussed definitions for key diversity and inclusion terms. It is by no means a comprehensive list, but it is a good place for us to start. We understand that language around identity, privilege, oppression and inclusion is always changing, evolving and expanding.
If there is a term that you feel should be included here, or possibly redefined, please let us know. You can email The Office of Equity & Inclusion (OSEI), at osei@georgetown.edu.
Social construction of race and gender, patriarchy and prejudice and discrimi...Service_supportAssignment
Social construct may be defined as the social mechanism or a category which has been created by the society. It may either be a perception which is created by an individual, a group or an idea which is constructed because of a culture. The present society has created a large number of constructs which are not good. In this research paper, the discussion will be done on the social construction of race and gender and the problems associated with the same. In addition to this, how can social construct forms to be the basis for discrimination and prejudice? Further, racism and sexism will be discussed with examples and the role of power in the same. To end, patriarchy will be discussed and its role in racism and sexism will be added
48-110 (Foundations of Social Life) - Lesson Objectives:
1. Identify and describe the components of social interaction;
2. Distinguish between and give examples of achieved and ascribed status;
3. Discuss the role of master status in our social lives and interactions;
4. Distinguish between and give examples of role conflict and role strain;
5. Relate examples of verbal and non-verbal communication;
6. Discuss social interaction within the context of an increasing digital world;
7. Describe how social interaction is 'gendered'
This document was adopted from the Resource Center Team within the Office of Diversity & Inclusion of Amherst College as a guide to common, shared language around identity.
This project emerged out of a need to come to a common and shared understanding of language in order to foster opportunities for community building and effective communication within and across difference.
This is a list of carefully researched and thoughtfully discussed definitions for key diversity and inclusion terms. It is by no means a comprehensive list, but it is a good place for us to start. We understand that language around identity, privilege, oppression and inclusion is always changing, evolving and expanding.
If there is a term that you feel should be included here, or possibly redefined, please let us know. You can email The Office of Equity & Inclusion (OSEI), at osei@georgetown.edu.
Social construction of race and gender, patriarchy and prejudice and discrimi...Service_supportAssignment
Social construct may be defined as the social mechanism or a category which has been created by the society. It may either be a perception which is created by an individual, a group or an idea which is constructed because of a culture. The present society has created a large number of constructs which are not good. In this research paper, the discussion will be done on the social construction of race and gender and the problems associated with the same. In addition to this, how can social construct forms to be the basis for discrimination and prejudice? Further, racism and sexism will be discussed with examples and the role of power in the same. To end, patriarchy will be discussed and its role in racism and sexism will be added
48-110 (Foundations of Social Life) - Lesson Objectives:
1. Identify and describe the components of social interaction;
2. Distinguish between and give examples of achieved and ascribed status;
3. Discuss the role of master status in our social lives and interactions;
4. Distinguish between and give examples of role conflict and role strain;
5. Relate examples of verbal and non-verbal communication;
6. Discuss social interaction within the context of an increasing digital world;
7. Describe how social interaction is 'gendered'
The Systemic Therapy Between Science and Intuition - Krakow versionMassimo Schinco
In this presentation I return – with several modifications -to issues I already treated and also recently.
This new version has been prepared for the Conference “The Anatomy of (un)reason” held in Krakòw, Poland, October 10 – 12° 2014.
The presentation has to be followed by Massimo Giuliani’s presentation “Beyond Medicine – Beyond Psychology – Beyond Post- Modernism: The Milan Approach to Systemic Psychotherapy”:
http://prezi.com/2lgk1ozulcx7/the-milan-approach-to-systemic-psychotherapy/
The Power of Language and the Current Promotion of the ProfessionJames Cook University
The Power of Language and the Current Promotion of the Profession
A presentation by Brock Cook and Amelia Di Tommaso at the 2014 Occupational Therapy Queensland State Conference
The Systemic Therapy Between Science and Intuition - Krakow versionMassimo Schinco
In this presentation I return – with several modifications -to issues I already treated and also recently.
This new version has been prepared for the Conference “The Anatomy of (un)reason” held in Krakòw, Poland, October 10 – 12° 2014.
The presentation has to be followed by Massimo Giuliani’s presentation “Beyond Medicine – Beyond Psychology – Beyond Post- Modernism: The Milan Approach to Systemic Psychotherapy”:
http://prezi.com/2lgk1ozulcx7/the-milan-approach-to-systemic-psychotherapy/
The Power of Language and the Current Promotion of the ProfessionJames Cook University
The Power of Language and the Current Promotion of the Profession
A presentation by Brock Cook and Amelia Di Tommaso at the 2014 Occupational Therapy Queensland State Conference
The technologies and people we are designing experiences for are constantly changing, in most cases they are changing at a rate that is difficult keep up with. When we think about how our teams are structured and the design processes we use in light of this challenge, a new design problem (or problem space) emerges, one that requires us to focus inward. How do we structure our teams and processes to be resilient? What would happen if we looked at our teams and design process as IA’s, Designers, Researchers? What strategies would we put in place to help them be successful? This talk will look at challenges we face leading, supporting, or simply being a part of design teams creating experiences for user groups with changing technological needs.
Complex Identities and Intersectionality Unit Three.docxdonnajames55
Complex Identities and Intersectionality
Unit Three
Learning Objectives
Be able to define race, ethnicity, social class, and sexual orientation.
Understand the theoretical concepts of “intersectionality”, “social location” , & “standpoint”.
Have a clear understanding of the ways in which oppressions are not “additive” but rather “multiples”
Be able to describe your own power/privileges
Know how stereotypes work in American society, including the ways in which they are perpetuated and some of their repercussions
Understand that everyone is vulnerable to their influence
2
PART ONE:
What are race, class, and sexuality?
Understanding: Race
RACE: is social constructed category that divides people into groups based on visible physical characteristics such as skin color, eye shape, hair texture, etc.
Although race is related to the physical body, the meaning we give these superficial differences between us are entirely socially constructed. There are NO actual genetic differences between the various races.
Because race categories are socially constructed, they change over time. Which categories we measure, and how we measure them, shifts.
4
Understanding: Ethnicity
Ethnicity: is a socially constructed category, a way of grouping people based on their shared culture, such as religion, language, and history.
The difference between “race” and “ethnicity” can be confusing. For example, “Asian American” is treated as a race, but “Chinese American” and “Japanese American” are treated as ethnicities because they have distinct languages and traditions.
In the United States, there is a great deal of pressure on ethnic minority groups to assimilate the norms, values, and characteristics of the majority ethnic group.
Race and Ethnicity in America
Different racial groups are just that– different. Even thought we often speak in terms of binaries (“minorities” verses “the majority”), it is important to realize that not all minority race and/or ethnic groups share the same characteristics, both between themselves and within themselves.
White Americans: white is a race!
Hispanic Americans
African Americans
Native Indigenous Americans
Asian Americans
Arab Americans
Multiracial
Racial and Ethnic Inequality
A commonality among those which are considered minority groups is the experience of inequality.
Inequalities are socially structured and thus can impact multiple aspects of an individual’s life– not just, for example, their ability to get a job.
Racism: the belief that the physical and cultural characteristics associated with a group of people are inferior and thus unequal treatment of the group and its members is justified.
Racism can occur at both the individual and institutional level.
7
Race Impacts Life Chances in a Multitude of Ways
The process of Maintaining Inequality
A stereotype is developed and is circulated throughout a society via cultural channels such as popular media .
Gender at the Intersections 1Ever since I’ve been in a wheeMatthewTennant613
Gender at the Intersections
1
“Ever since I’ve been in a wheelchair, I’ve stopped getting catcalled.”—Fem Korsten
Doing Gender
“Gender isn’t something we are, but something we do.”
The number one gender rule is that we must do gender.
Gender is not all that we are; we also have many other social locations that affect how we and others see us, such as:
Age
Sexuality
Race
Class
Physical ability
2
We have discussed doing gender earlier in the class. You understand that gender isn’t just something that we identify as, but also something that we do, as stated at the start of the chapter. Gender is just one aspect of who we are and how others see us. Can you give some examples of how we do gender?
2
The intersection of identity & experience
Gender is not an isolated social fact but instead intersects all our social locations to make up our identity.
Social locations & identities such as age, race, class, gender, sexuality, and physical ability combine simultaneously
Your life is not influenced by JUST your race or age or gender- it is all of these at the same time
Since we experience the world through the combination of our identities, using intersectionality as a framework for studying gender allows us to develop deeper understanding and more complete approaches.
3
What is Intersectionality?
Term coined by legal scholar Kimberle Crenshaw to explain how Black women are disadvantaged by both race and gender.
Anti-racism policies primarily address Black men and feminist policies primarily address white women, ignoring the unique combination of race and gender based oppression.
Intersectionality is a theory that acknowledges that people are often disadvantaged by various social locations, which can result in inequality or oppression.
4
Intersectionality is Interlocking
Intersectionality recognizes that identity markers (e.g., “female” and “black”) are connected and result in different responses from others as a result.
Gender, race, class, sexuality, ability ect. work together to create interlocking forms of oppression. (meaning they cannot be separated from each other)
If one social location was different, the entire life experience would be different and the other dimensions would be experienced in a new way, too.
5
Intersections
Dimensions of our identity intersect like the spokes of a wheel in which our whole self is the center.
Experiences of power & oppression occur to our whole selves, and we cannot split off just one aspect of ourselves.
6
The Matrix of Domination
Patricia Hill Collins: inequality and oppression are the result of several forces working hand in hand
No single force is the cause of injustice
Society places whites dominate to non-whites, men dominate to women and trans/nonbinary people, wealthy dominate to the working class etc.
Double jeopardy for many individuals who subordinated twice- for example women of color experiencing racism & sexism together
7
#sayhername
People gather in ...
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Gender Communication Stereotypes: A Depiction of the Mass Mediaiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
2. The Social Construction of Identity
Two general frameworks:
Essentialism
‘Already accomplished fact’
Aspects of identity are innate
Fundamentally unchanged
throughout our lives
Social Constructionism
‘A production’
Identity is product of our
interactions with social
structures, social institutions,
and other people
Moulded within social relations
of power and inequality
4. Ascribed Status
Ascribed Status
Given involuntarily
Not easily changed
Includes ethnicity, sex, age, etc.
Society tends to assign roles to these different
categories.
5. Role
Social and behavioural expectations
Dynamic aspect of a status
Occupy a status and play a role
Social Status + Roles = Important in social construction of
identity
Structures how we see ourselves
How we relate to others
6. Socialization
Socialization is “the lifelong process of social
interactions through which individuals acquire a self-
identity and the physical, mental, and social skills
needed for survival in society.”
(Murray et. Al., 2014, pg 93)
Contributes to the development of self – an identity
7. Agents of Socialization – Socializing
Institutions
- Family - School
- Friends/Peer Groups - Mass Media
- Religious Institutions - Sports Teams
- Youth Groups - Support Services
- Correctional Facilities - Hospitals, etc.
“ Socialize clients to behave, think, and feel as prescribed by the
institutions.” (Shaffir & Pawluch, 2014, p.68)
8. Looking Glass Self = Identity is derived from perceptions of
others
Develop identity and self-concept
Charles Horton Cooley
9. George Herbert Mead
He theorized distinction between
the “Me” and the “I.” in 1930
Me – is oneself as others see
you
I – how one think of themselves
Source of originality, creativity,
and spontaneity
Me + I = develops both identity
and social conscience
Erving Goffman
Coined the term
“dramaturgical approach”
Front stage behaviour – Fake
Back stage behaviour – Real
Both are our real selves
10. At what point does one’s development come to be a
person from a social constructionist point of view?
Social constructionism over essentialism
11. STEROTYPES, DISCRIMINATION AND
INTERSECTING IDENTITIES
Unfounded and unwarranted generalizations about particular group
of people
It is not a true statement because it rely on received wisdom or
casual observation rather than
Facts
Once a stereotype exist people selectively notice situation that
seem to confirm it
Stereotype may seem harmless but we must be aware of
particularly when linked to prejudice and discrimination
12. Prejudice – preconceived opinion about an individual or groups
Prejudice differ from stereotype
Prejudice contain moral judgment about a individual or group, we
judge people without knowing them
When people act with prejudice and stereotype they are
engaging in discrimination deliberate or not
People are treated differently based on preconceived notions
about who they are
Intersectionality – the experience or potential experience of
multiple forms of discrimination based on the intersection of
different social statuses
13. Stereotypes can lead to prejudice and discrimination on
the other hand the group being
stereotype can start to believe the negative are true about
them
This is called stereotype threat – poor performance in the
face of negative stereotype according
Beilock, 2010 p.102
14. Sex, Gender and Intersex
SEX: A term used to describe the biological and
anatomical differences between male and females
GENDER: A term used to describe the roles of
masculinity and femininity that we are expected to play,
based on what our sex is.
INTERSEX: Refers to people whose biological sex
characteristics do not fit into the “typical” definitions of
male or female.
15. Judith Butler
She argues that “gender is the
rightful property of sex” – meaning
that just because you were born a
certain sex, doesn’t mean you are
required to act out to your
assigned roles. ie being masculine
or feminine, simply because you
don’t feel that way.
PERFORMATIVE: Meaning your
gender is constantly produced
and reproduced in ways that we
communicated and present
ourselves.
16. -We are socialized into our gender roles. We are taught
as children how to be based on our born sex.
Ie play with dolls, vs wrestling.
-all roles are CONSTRUCTED
“Attitudes, behaviour, and activities are learned through
the socialization process.”
(Murray et al., 2014 p.306)
Sex, Gender and Intersex
17.
18. Unequal perceptions, treatment, and status of
groups based on their gender category. This
is recognized in all aspects of life, including
workplaces, homes, institutions (schools) and
even in politics.
Gender Inequality
19. An individual’s sexual preference, or orientation.
-In today’s society, it is far more socially acceptable
to be attracted to the same sex, however, much
oppression still exists surrounding this topic. Back in
1974, homosexuality was considered to be “a serious
psychological disorder” in North America. (Lenton,
2014, p79)
Sexuality
20. Oppression exists when:
-People refuse to conform to gender roles.
-People want to deviate from acting out their innate
gender role.
-People attempt to react toward their beliefs of gender
equality.
-Homosexuality exists/refusal of conformity toward
heterosexuality is present.
21. THOUGHT PROVOKING
QUESTION:
Why do you think obviously
incorrect gender stereotypes, like
that all girls like pink, remain in
society when there has been so
much progress in society
surrounding gender roles in
the last few decades?
22. Racial and Ethnic Identities
What is race? How does it define the way we see
ourselves? The book describes race as a socially
constructed classification of human beings based on
skin colour that became popular in the 18th century.
Political and Social factors, played a huge role in the
designation of different races, which led to the
domination and subjugation of minority races.
23. The book describes and clarifies two separate concepts.
Race as a process and Ethnic Identities as sets of
relations. What this means is that race and ethnicity have
links when it comes to inequality or the poor and uneven
distribution of power. One quote says that “The
substance of race is essentially an act of consciousness
which means that it can never be concretely defined or
decided”. This means that race is something that humans
have conjured up and moulded into something that helps
or advances one “master-race” of society and demeans
the value of the others. This power struggle leads to
many conflicts that keep us in a cycle of inequality and
racism.
24. The Ancient Egytians, Jews, Greeks, and Romans placed
importance on difference, however race wasn’t one of them. In
Ancient Greece and Rome, distinctions were based primarily
on cultural grounds and how a society function differently than
their own. Race became more popular overtime only for the
purposes of slavery and colonization.
Ethnocentrism is the state of mind where your own
culture is superior to others in comparison. For example, in
Ancient Greece, non-Greeks were considered savage,
however if you adopted their culture it became viable to shed
your “barbarian” status. In regards to slavery, there were no
direct connections to race in the minds of Hebrews, Greeks, or
Romans. They even described Africans positively by saying “a
respect for their way of life and admiration for their military and
political roles in the Mediterranean world” (Hirschman, 2004, p.
390).
25. The Old and New Testaments of the Bible described different
conceptions of race. Ethnic identities were not absolute as
people conformed to and joined other groups by interacting
with them all the time. Marriage was even used as a means
for political and economical advantages. For example
Alexander the Great encouraged his soldiers to intermarry
and learn other cultures.
Religious affiliation also played a role in identifying as
someone or a group of people. Christianity is seen as the
leading religion in society and religious views that are not
shared are often combated with disgust or disapproval.
26. I found that the more I read into this
section of the chapter, the more biases
and generalizations I found. I noticed
that all the races they portrayed had a
clear “black and white” connotation
surrounding it. They made it seem as if
the Romans, Hebrews and Greeks as
all understanding, and that race didn’t
play a factor, which has an once of truth
to it but race doesn’t have to be based
strictly on the colour of your skin. It
revolves around many other factors
such as physical and genetic traits. I
also found that they omitted or failed to
incorporate the accomplishments of
black rulers. They mentioned Alexander
the Great but couldn’t somehow
incorporate King Khufu, the builder of
the Great Pyramid.
27. How does race determine the experiences you will face in
life, and how could those experience shape your values and
beliefs?
My Question