The document discusses reasons for overrepresentation of ethnic minorities in crime statistics. It questions whether ethnic minorities truly commit more crimes or if statistics provide an inaccurate picture due to factors like institutional racism and stereotyping. Some reasons given for higher crime rates and convictions among ethnic groups include evidence of racism within police culture and practices, unfair targeting of minorities in stop-and-search policies, and socioeconomic challenges like poverty that are more common in minority communities. The case study of Stephen Lawrence, a black teenager murdered in 1993, illustrates failures in the police investigation potentially due to racism and stereotyping.
Until recently, it was possible to condemn criminologists both for their near silence on women and criminal law, and for their sexism when they did speak. The most recent wave of feminism has witnessed two seemingly contradictory developments in theories of women and crime. First, femi-nism has kindled interest in women's studies in various academic disci-plines. Criminology has been no exception: the sexist treatment of women victims and offenders by police and other criminal justice officials, the sex-ism of traditional theories of crime, and the concept of victimless crimes have all been under attack.' But, there have also been arguments that women's crime has increased as a result of the women's liberation movement. This belief has been called "the most powerful and widely held ... concerning the topic of female criminality," and its impact has been felt by women offenders being pun-ished for their supposed acts of liberation.' Feminist criminologists now must do more than denounce mainstream criminology for its failure to ac-knowledge the significance of female crime. It is not enough simply to resurrect the neglected female offender. We must transcend the traditional boundaries of criminology and examine the role of the state and the law in reinforcing the position of women in contemporary society.
Until recently, it was possible to condemn criminologists both for their near silence on women and criminal law, and for their sexism when they did speak. The most recent wave of feminism has witnessed two seemingly contradictory developments in theories of women and crime. First, femi-nism has kindled interest in women's studies in various academic disci-plines. Criminology has been no exception: the sexist treatment of women victims and offenders by police and other criminal justice officials, the sex-ism of traditional theories of crime, and the concept of victimless crimes have all been under attack.' But, there have also been arguments that women's crime has increased as a result of the women's liberation movement. This belief has been called "the most powerful and widely held ... concerning the topic of female criminality," and its impact has been felt by women offenders being pun-ished for their supposed acts of liberation.' Feminist criminologists now must do more than denounce mainstream criminology for its failure to ac-knowledge the significance of female crime. It is not enough simply to resurrect the neglected female offender. We must transcend the traditional boundaries of criminology and examine the role of the state and the law in reinforcing the position of women in contemporary society.
Term Paper Essay Assignment Rubric Due by Saturday May 12th.docxjacqueliner9
Term Paper Essay Assignment Rubric
Due by Saturday May 12th at 11:59pm via TurnitIn (20% of final grade)
Sociology 3480: Term Paper Rubric
Sources: In addition to your text and/or readings, provide at least 5 outside sources. At least one
outside source must be a peer reviewed/academic journal article. Wikipedia, personal blogs,
and/or .org’s will not be accepted as valid sources.
Note: Electronic copy must be uploaded to Turnitin link to check for citation accuracy
Study – Gather data online (no less than 5 articles). Characterize the social issue you chose for
yourself and show how it fits what is given and said about that topic in news/media. How is this
different than what we have been reading in our text? Cite comparisons.
Consider the social topic you chose relative to course material and answer the following
questions in essay format to summarize your findings.
In general, you should address the following questions in your essay:
What is your social topic?
What are some of the specific areas discussed in your social topic?
What are the different perspectives/opposing viewpoints?
How do most people get their information on your given social topic?
How is it different than you imagined, than what you read about?
What past research has been done on your topic?
Which solutions have worked, what haven’t? (investigate: read articles and refer to your text)
What new or unresolved issues/concerns have developed?
What did you learn by doing this paper?
(Again, use these questions to guide the general direction of your essay. Do not answer these
questions individually).
Surname 6
How Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Influence Police Brutality
Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course
Date
The social topic of race, ethnicity, and immigration is critical to discuss so that one can understand how these factors influence people in society. Race refers to the classification of individuals based on social or physical qualities. Ethnicity entails people’s categories based on their language, culture, ancestry, and history. In addition, immigration refers to moving and settling in a specific country temporarily or permanently. Many individuals consider race and ethnicity of residents in a particular area before migrating. In most cases, people move to places where they can find others who understand them. Currently, neighborhoods comprise of individuals who belong to the same race or ethnicity. That is why it is hard for whites to settle in areas where the majority of people living there are African Americans. Therefore, race and ethnicity are the two primary determinants of immigration in the United States of America (USA). Although many Americans have encountered police brutality, at some point in their lives, race, ethnicity, and immigration ar.
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Black Live MatterWhen talking about the theme, which is black li.docxAASTHA76
Black Live Matter
When talking about the theme, which is black live matter, sometimes a picture could better explain the content than words. This picture below demonstrates a black woman holding a plate, which says “BLACK LIVES MATTER”. She is yelling and fighting for her rights, because black Americans always have low status in society. This source could perfectly accord with my main theme because my theme is placed on importance of black Americans’ life. The picture conveys that black Americans are eager for safeguarding their rights. There are many unsolved problems of black Americans. For example, what should the government do to best assist black Americans to support them?
The fact that the US is carrying some races is being used to show lots of discrimination on people who are black. It is in fact very clear that the white race is not going to accept to be equal with the black or any other people of color, and especially the black people. Injustices are shown to the black people from all the angles, right from their places of residence, their workplaces and even from the government. The efforts that the black people are making in trying to get balanced are not bearing any fruit, and instead, the efforts are making things worse(Edwards & Bradford, 2016).
The police and the rest of the forces are also playing a major role in discriminating the blacks. Such are the reasons why the BML movement was formed to fight for the rights of the blacks. When an analysis of the people who are in prisons was done, it was found out that most of the youths who are in prison are black males who have very long sentences over petty errors, that can be given a few months according to the law or even fined and the person is left to be free. Whatever the case, when a black man is arrested, they are and must be sentenced, and the sentences are in most cases very long and not like those given to the white races(From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation, 2016). Looking at the population in prisons, one may wonder where all these white people who commit errors are kept, or even try to think like; Is it only the black people who commit errors in the US?
There are some protests that, have been arranged so that the black people can claim their rights of equality, but almost all of them have had the same effect. The people who are demonstrating are beaten by the police who use strikers, canes, tear gas and who even shooting especially when they are unable to calm thesituation. This is a very wrong way to handle demonstrators because there is the right to demonstrate and while they do so in a peaceful way, they should not be mishandled. Things are quite different when white people demonstrate, because they are not mishandled in any way, and the police may be following them only to make sure that they do not go against the law.
The content of the picture that I chose accord with the theme, which is “Black Lives Matter”.It could vividly demonstrate the subject of the ...
2. Key question:
• Do people from ethnic minorities actually
commit more crime?
• And
• Do the official crime statistics give a true
picture of the level of crime committed by
ethnic minorities?
3. Main explanations for level of crime
and convictions among ethnic groups
• There is evidence of institutional racism and a
canteen culture
• Police mishandle enquiries e.g. the murder of
Stephen Lawrence
• Some sociologists believe that ‘stop and search’
policy unfairly targets and labels black men.
• Ethnic minorities are more likely to face poverty and
live in urban areas.
• Media may reinforce stereotypes e.g. Fear of
terrorism
• Police are mainly white & middle class men who
discriminate against ethnic minorities
4. Case study
• Stephen Lawrence
• He was stabbed to death at a bus stop in
1993. He was 18
• 2 men have been convicted of his murder
after 18 years.
• The police were accused of failing to look for
Stephen’s killers because of institutional
racism and stereotyping
6. Lord McPherson who carried out the Stephen
Lawrence Enquiry concluded that the police
service was full of institutional racism and
a canteen culture.
Copy out the definition of institutional
racism on page 112
Copy out the definition of canteen culture
7. Exam questions
1. Explain what is meant by labelling 4 marks
Labelling is …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
For example ………………………………………………………………………........................................................................................................……………………..
This means that ………………………………………………………….........................................................................................……………………………………………
2. Explain what is meant by prejudice 4 marks
3. Explain what is meant by racism 4 marks
4. Describe one way in which governments have attempted to reduce racist behaviour in society and explain how successful this has
been. 5 marks
Governments have attempted to reduce racist behaviour by (The Race Discrimination Act/anti bullying projects in schools/The Equality
Law 2010/police
training)......................................................................................................................................................................................
This means that ....................................................................................................................................................................................................
This has been successful because .........................................................................................................................................................................
But there is
still ......................................................................................................................................................................................................
5. Discuss how far sociologists would agree that some ethnic groups appear to commit more crime than others because they are
stereotyped. 12 marks
Some sociologists would agree that ………………………………………………………………….whilst others disagree and think that ……………………………
One reason why ethnic minorities appear to commit more crime is due to (write about how ethnic minorities are more likely to face
‘stop and search’ and be targeted and arrested by the police who stereotype them through police
statistics)...........................................................
However, some ethnic minorities commit more crime because (write about how ethnic minorities are more likely to face unemployment
and poverty which means they could commit crime)
Another reason why ethnic minorities appear to commit more crime is due to (write about how institutional racism in the police is a
factor for stereotyping and include the Stephen Lawrence case as an example
here) ........................................................................................
However, ethnic minorities also face stereotyping from the mass media through (write about how the media is likely to over exaggerate