what is society, culture and environment #difference and interaction between them. #characteristics of culture #examples that how cultured is learned #tragedy of commons #Influence of physical environment. # negative impact on environment.

1. Anthropology
SOCIETY,CULTUREANDENVIORNMENT.
Culture and society are implicatively related;
 CULTURE: culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, law,
morals, art, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a
member of society.
 SOCIETY: society connotes a group of people who live together and connected
with another and typically shared a common culture.
 EVOLUTION: Evolution is defined as the process of growth and development or
the theory that organisms have grown and developed from past organisms. An
Example of Evolution is how cell phones have changed over time
 Interaction between Humans and Environment:
‘’ Asystem ismadeup of two or moremutually interacting components’’
Ecosystem: interacting with the living as well as with the non-living environment that
surrounds the living things such as; climate (Atmosphere), soil (lithosphere), water
(hydrosphere), organisms (biosphere).
HUMAN SOCIAL SYSTEM: Mutually interacting components such as population,
technology, social structure and ideology.
System Model: interconnection between social
system and ecosystem involve flows of energy,
material and information within and between the
individual components.
Stages of social evolution: Different stages of
social evolution are accompanied by activities
including;
 Hunting and gathering.
 Agriculture.
 Industry.

2.  Urban development.
 Hunting and Gathering: hunting and gathering has been the primary means
of human survival for most of human history. They were relied primarily or
exclusively on hunting wild animals, fishing, gathered seed, fruits, nuts and
vegetables to support their diet.
 All human societies were hunter and gathers (gathers also called
‘’forager’’.
 Early man built dams, burned grassland to encourage growth of
certain plants.
 Agriculture: Describe the practice of growing crops or raising animals. The
Latin root of agriculture is ‘’agri – field’’ and ‘’cultura – cultivation’’.
 Early humans learned how plants grow which edible and were good
medicine.
 11000 years ago, humans started farming (agriculture).with
dependable food supply, people started living in large settlements-
towns and cities over time people started keeping herds of
domesticated animals.
 Green revolution: Refers to the introduction of high yielding variety (HYV) of
seeds increased used of fertilizer and irrigation methods. It took place during
the 1960’s especially 1965 onwards.
 By 1950’s food supply was straining, to increased food supply governments
and scientists introduced new farming techniques to increase yields of crops
(rice, wheat, and corn) relied on new, highly productive strain of crops.
Monoculture: large fields plowed and planted with a single crop year after year irrigation, fertilizer and
pesticides were relied on to sustain the crops.
Animals, human power was replaced with machine power. For Example: within 20 years
Mexicans farmers increased production of wheat 10 times.
 Problems introduced by Green revolution:
 Depletion of water supplies.
 Pollution of water by pesticides and fertilizers.
 Industrial growth and urban development:
Wastes from manufacturing and energy production have been poured into air,
water and soil.
 Often manufacturing waste ended up in hazardous category just tied to
high standard of living that we all enjoy.
 Types of Resources;
1. Renewable resources: The sources of energy that can be replenished or
renewed by natural process in short period of time.
 Example: energy (wind, solar, flowing water)
Potentially renewable (air, water and biodiversity).
2. Non-Renewable resources: sources of energy that can’t be replenished
or renewed in short period of time.

3.  Example: Energy resources (coal, fossil fuels), minerals resources
(gold, zinc) and non-metallic minerals (sand, clay, water).
 Tragedy of the commons: Any resource open to everyone will eventually
destroyed because although everyone owns the resource but no one is
responsible for it.
 Example:
(Pollution). As an individual, it may be beneficial to drive yourself to work each
day in a car that produces greenhouse gas emissions, but because the air is
'common' and shared by everyone, the overall public has to deal with that
pollution each person contributes.
 Resource: A resource is something that can be used for a purpose or for
satisfying human’s needs
 For Example: 1.tools and materials
 2.Spring water on a piece of land
 Common culture: when an environmental resource is owned by many people
but no one is responsible for it is known as a common resource.
 Example: water, atmosphere, irrigation system and pastures.
Culture:
‘’ Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular
group of people, encompassing language, religion, social habits, arts, morals, goals and
customs shared by a society’’.
 The word ‘’culture’’ hails from latin word ‘’cultura’’ which is derived from
‘’colere’’ that’s means ‘’to cultivate’’
 Habit: Repetitive act that a particular individual performed.
 Example: wearing jeans to class every day.
Characteristics of culture:
1. Culture is shared
2. Culture is learned
3. Culture changes
4. Culture takes years to form
5. Culture can’t be isolated
6. Culture is essential 7. Culture is
transmitted across generation
1. Culture is shared:
Culture is a shared phenomenon for idea,
thing or behavior pattern to qualify as being
cultural, it must have a meaning because it is
shared by most people in a society.
 Every culture is shared by a group of
people, usually inhibiting the same part of the world. The religion they live in, the

4. geographical condition around them, their country’s past, the belief system and
the values of its people, constitute their culture.
 People from the same community share the same values, beliefs and traditions.
 Culture gives the people a collective identity it belongs to a community and not
to any single individual. It is shared.
2. Cultureis learned:
Culture is not biologically passed from older generations to the newer ones. It is learned
through experience.
 Enculturation: The process of acquiring culture after we are born is called
enculturation.
 Culture propagate through generations, which adopt their old customs and
traditions as a part of culture. We acquire our culture (ideas, values, behavior
patterns) by growing in it. Culture is learned understood and assimilated from
what is taught by society and assimilated from the environment.
 No individual is born with sense of culture. In the course of life, he learns it.
Example: A child born in Philippines but was brought to the United States after birth
may not develop characteristics of Filipinos. He may learn behavior pattern
characteristics of American children, including language.
 CULTURE and Environment:
Strategies humans use to adopt to their environment;
 Technologies - religion
 Subsistence patterns - values
 Housing types - gender roles
 Clothing - marriage and family.
 Differentiate between folk and popular culture :

5. Folk culture: custom practice by small homogeneous groups living in isolated
areas. Example: ‘’Arirang’’ Korean folk song.
 Folk culture usually originates in a rural hearth
 Popular culture: found in large heterogeneous societies that share certain habits
despite differences of race, religion or ethnicity.
 Example: Eating pizza.
 Popular culture usually originates in an urban hearth.
Influence of physical environment:
 Customs such as food, clothing, and shelter are influenced by prevailing climate,
soil, vegetation. Environmental conditions can limit the variety of human actions
anywhere. Two necessities of daily life like food and shelter – demonstrate the
influence of cultural values and environment on development of unique folk
culture.
 Conclusion/ summary
 Society is an organized group of people who live together and connected with
another and typically shared a common culture.
 Culture has certain values, customs, beliefs and social behavior whereas society
encompasses people who share mutual belief, values and way of living.
Negative Environmental impacts: It is true that culture influence us but it is also true
that we influence culture. In fact, culture evolves over time and takes years to develop.
The geographical location and climatic conditions of a region have a direct effect on the
living conditions of inhabitants. Popular culture produces a lot of waste. Folk culture can
also negatively impact the environment by ignoring natural processes. Thank you!