Humans acquire culture through the LEARNING PROCESSES of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies.

1. CULTURE
UNIT -3

2. CULTURE
 Nature of Culture
 Evolution of culture
 Diversity and uniformity of culture
 Transcultural society
 Influence of culture on health and
disease

3. INTRODUCTION
• Culture is an umbrella term which encompasses the social
behavior and norms found in human societies, as well as the
knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits
of the individuals in these groups.
• Humans acquire culture through the LEARNING PROCESSES of
enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity
of cultures across societies.

4. MEANING OF CULTURE
 Culture is a very broad that includes in
itself all our way of life
 modes of behaviour,
 our philosophies and ethics,
 our morals and manners,
 our customs and traditions,
 our religious, political, economic and other
type of activities.

5. MEANING OF CULTURE
 It is main concept in Anthropology but it
is essential or fundamental in Sociology.
 The study of society becomes
incomplete without a proper
understanding of the culture of the
society.
 Culture and society go together they
are inseparable.

6. MEANING OF CULTURE
 Man is born and brought up in a
cultural environment.
 Culture refers to a system of
learned behaviour which is shared
by and transmitted among the
members of a group.

7. DEFINITION OF CULTURE
1. Tylor – Culture is that complex whole which
includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law,
custom and any other capabilities acquired by
man, as a member of society.
2. Roberty – Culture is the body of thought and
knowledge, both theoretical and practical, which
only man can possess.
3. C.C. North - Culture consists in the instruments
constituted by men to assist him in satisfying his
wants.

8. NATURE OF CULTURE
 Culture is a acquired quality.
 Culture is social, not individual heritage of
man.
 Culture is idealistic.
 Culture is the total social heritage.
 Culture fulfils some needs.
 Culture is an integrated system.
 Language is the chief vehicle of culture.
 culture is varies from society to society.

9. NATURE OF CULTURE
 Culture is an acquired quality:
 Culture is not innate. Culture is learned.
 Traits learned through socialization, habits
and thoughts are what is called culture.
 Culture is social, not individual heritage
of man:
 It is a social product which is shared by
most members of the group.

10. NATURE OF CULTURE
 Culture is idealistic:
 Culture embodies the ideas and norms of
a group.
 It is the expression of human mind in the
course of history.
 Culture is the total social heritage:
 It is passed from one generation to
another through traditions and customs.

11. NATURE OF CULTURE
 Culture fulfils some needs:
 It fulfils those ethical and social needs of
the group.
 Culture is an integrated system:
 Its various parts are integrated with each
other.
 New element which is introduced is
also integrated.

12. NATURE OF CULTURE
 Language is the chief vehicle of culture:
 Man lives not only in the present but also in
the past and future.
 Through language culture transmits to past
to present and present to future.
 Culture is varies from society to society:
 Every society has a culture of its own, it
not uniform.
 Culture is different from US to India.

13. EVOLUTION OF CULTURE
 For a century and more Archaeologists have
dug up the tools, weapons, pottery, coins and
other material things of people who have long
since died out.
 It is the clues to their social life.
 The Archaeologists do not reveal the origin
of culture, they only indicate its old days.
 If they reveal something about the evolution
of culture, it is only about its material
aspects.

14. EVOLUTION OF CULTURE
 To trace the origin of a specific cultural trait is
difficult.
 All cultural traits – material as well as non-material –
have been invented at some time and in some place
by some person.
 No single invention contributes very much to the
development of a culture, it is only an addition to
what already exists.
 Culture is only partly new.
 Ex: The music composer of a new song take
bits from number of pervious compositions.

15. DIVERSITY AND UNIFORMITY OF
CULTURE
 Diversity:
 Its based on the religion
 Language
 Lifestyle
 Tradition
 Locality
 Geographical area
 Family environment

16. DIVERSITY AND UNIFORMITY OF CULTURE
 Historical Accidents
 Mobility of human
 Inventions and Discoveries
 Individual habits
 Change in modes of production
 Dominant cultural themes

17. DIVERSITY AND UNIFORMITY OF CULTURE
 Unity is, all the culture have their fundamental
approach to literature, philosophy, traditions
and customs.
 Catse, religious, ceremonies are following all
the culture.
 Further holding that all the culture have
music, dance, song etc.,
 Some festivals concern as a national
and international festivals.

18. Uniformity
Family life
Marriage
Inheritance
Language
Housing
Clothes

19. TRANS CULTURAL SOCIETY

20. TRANS CULTURAL SOCIETY
 Cultural traits invented or discovered in one
society to another that the way of spread
directly (persons or group) or indirectly
(radio, TV etc.) to other societies.
 Transmission of culture which is movement
of traits through time that is, from generation
to generation.
 Rome was trans is most countries of Europe.
 Now the united states in transmitting to
others.

21. DIFFERENT CONCEPTS
•Multi-culture Society
•Inter-culture Society
•Cross-culture Society

22. FACTORS INFLUENTIAL IN THE PROCESS OF
TRANSCULTURAL SOCIETY
 Availability of transportation
and communication.
 Prestige of the transmitted cultural and
its people.
 Migration.
 The need for some new element to meet
a crisis.
 Adaptability of the recipients of the new
culture.

23. CULTURE INFLUENCE ON HEALTH AND
DISEASES
It refers to the way of living which includes
ideas, knowledge, attitude, practices, customs
etc.,
Food habits:
 In many cultures people take spicy foods.
which causes gastritis among them.
 Some culture follow vegetarian so they
don’t get balanced nutrients.

24. CULTURE INFLUENCE ON HEALTH AND
DISEASES
Practice of bad habits:
Chewing raw tobacco is common among rural
people. This is causes for oral cancer. Now
panparag, smoking, drinking etc.
Occupational conditions:
Cervical spondylosis and arthritis are more
among manual labours.

25. CULTURE INFLUENCE ON HEALTH AND
DISEASES
 Consanguineous marriage is a causes for
weak physical and mental condition, mental
retardation and other health problems.
 Walking barefooted, oil bath, use brick
powder for clean teeth.
 Getting up early in the morning and taking
bath.
 Drinking thulasi water everyday will give
good health.

26. CULTURE INFLUENCE ON HEALTH AND
DISEASES
Early to bed and early to raise.
In a chicken pox affected children’s family,
keeping the neem leaves at the entrance of
home and prevents the spreading of the
diseases to the neighborhood.
Pardah system by Muslim woman still followed
which causes vitamin D deficiency.

27. CULTURE INFLUENCE ON HEALTH AND DISEASES
 Cleaning of the house, taking hygienic care
and put rangoli in front of the house, offering
pooja will give blessing for the entire home.
 Doing meditation will increase
concentration and attention.
 Polygymy is accepted social phenomena
is certain religion.
 Superstitious belief.

28. THANK
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