This document provides an overview of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative research aims to quantify data by counting and measuring variables to construct statistical models, while qualitative research seeks to understand characteristics and meanings through methods like observation and interviews. Both approaches can be used together, such as through content analysis of texts. The document also provides examples of specific research methods like surveys, experiments, field research, and ethnography.
What is Social Research
Social research is the combination of Three Words “Social” means society “Re” means again and again and “Search” means to discover, to find and to investigate. Social research is a procedure to investigate the social problems and issues and also it helps us to find the causes and give solution for problems which are faced by society.
Social Research is a method used by social scientists and researchers to learn about people and societies.
social research works to answer many of the questions we have about human behavior. Through scientific study, social research seeks to understand the how and why of human behavior.
Social research is a systematic and logical pursuit made by human beings to find out knowledge from any “phenomenon or relationship”.
Definitions of Social Research
Webster’s Dictionary: “defines it as a careful and critical investigation in the light of newly discovered facts.
Johoda: “It is a continuous investigation for facts is order to solve a problematic situation”,
Roger Bennet: “Research is the discovering of facts through systematic and scientific process.
Fogg: “It is the systematic process of pre-planned inquiry”.
Objectives of Social Research
To discover new ideas
To collect data about an issue, problem or social phenomena.
To provide principles for problems.
Provide knowledge for the solution of a problem.
To remove social tension, misconception, and myths.
To find new ideas and verify old ideas.
To give logical and rational ideas.
Importance of Social Research
Identifying the causes of social problems: social research logically finds the causes of problems from grass root level.
Solution of problems: by the help of Social Research we an be able to effectively solve a particular problem .
New ideas and techniques: social research provides new ideas and technique to solving the individuals, groups, and communities problems.
To develop theories. Many social scientist haves presented their theories through social research. All social, psychological, and environmental theories had been depended on social research.
Increase knowledge: social research is also consider as source of knowledge increase. It increases the knowledge of human being.
Ethics in Social Research
Overview:
1.We will be introducing the concept of ethics in social research.
2.We'll start by highlighting the meaning and importance of ethics.
3.Then, we will cover the various types of ethical guidelines which should be used in practice during social research.
4.We'll covering up with some examples of how ethics have (and sometimes haven't) been sufficiently implemented in social research.
what is social research?
meaning of ethics in social research
various types of ethics in social research
importance of ethics in social research
examples of ethics in social research.
What is Social Research
Social research is the combination of Three Words “Social” means society “Re” means again and again and “Search” means to discover, to find and to investigate. Social research is a procedure to investigate the social problems and issues and also it helps us to find the causes and give solution for problems which are faced by society.
Social Research is a method used by social scientists and researchers to learn about people and societies.
social research works to answer many of the questions we have about human behavior. Through scientific study, social research seeks to understand the how and why of human behavior.
Social research is a systematic and logical pursuit made by human beings to find out knowledge from any “phenomenon or relationship”.
Definitions of Social Research
Webster’s Dictionary: “defines it as a careful and critical investigation in the light of newly discovered facts.
Johoda: “It is a continuous investigation for facts is order to solve a problematic situation”,
Roger Bennet: “Research is the discovering of facts through systematic and scientific process.
Fogg: “It is the systematic process of pre-planned inquiry”.
Objectives of Social Research
To discover new ideas
To collect data about an issue, problem or social phenomena.
To provide principles for problems.
Provide knowledge for the solution of a problem.
To remove social tension, misconception, and myths.
To find new ideas and verify old ideas.
To give logical and rational ideas.
Importance of Social Research
Identifying the causes of social problems: social research logically finds the causes of problems from grass root level.
Solution of problems: by the help of Social Research we an be able to effectively solve a particular problem .
New ideas and techniques: social research provides new ideas and technique to solving the individuals, groups, and communities problems.
To develop theories. Many social scientist haves presented their theories through social research. All social, psychological, and environmental theories had been depended on social research.
Increase knowledge: social research is also consider as source of knowledge increase. It increases the knowledge of human being.
Ethics in Social Research
Overview:
1.We will be introducing the concept of ethics in social research.
2.We'll start by highlighting the meaning and importance of ethics.
3.Then, we will cover the various types of ethical guidelines which should be used in practice during social research.
4.We'll covering up with some examples of how ethics have (and sometimes haven't) been sufficiently implemented in social research.
what is social research?
meaning of ethics in social research
various types of ethics in social research
importance of ethics in social research
examples of ethics in social research.
Sociological Research Methods- Qualitative and quantitativeSameena Siddique
This detailed presentation includes different research methods involved in social sciences. It gives a wonderful account of the difference between qualitative and quantitative methods.
simplest way of explanation from a smart study.Sample techniques used in sampling. there are two types of techniques used in the process of sampling such as probability sampling and non probability sampling and here i have explained only Non- probability sampling.
In any research, ethical issues are important. Especially in qualitative research, they become more important.
In this presentation, these issues are discussed.
The researcher has to take care of all such issues.
Conducting researches entails a tedious process! However, this ppt introduces students about the nuance of research in the field of sociology. This could also be used in some other fields!
Sociological Research Methods- Qualitative and quantitativeSameena Siddique
This detailed presentation includes different research methods involved in social sciences. It gives a wonderful account of the difference between qualitative and quantitative methods.
simplest way of explanation from a smart study.Sample techniques used in sampling. there are two types of techniques used in the process of sampling such as probability sampling and non probability sampling and here i have explained only Non- probability sampling.
In any research, ethical issues are important. Especially in qualitative research, they become more important.
In this presentation, these issues are discussed.
The researcher has to take care of all such issues.
Conducting researches entails a tedious process! However, this ppt introduces students about the nuance of research in the field of sociology. This could also be used in some other fields!
Braun, Clake & Hayfield Foundations of Qualitative Research 1 Part 2Victoria Clarke
This is the second part of a three part lecture on the foundations of qualitative research. This lecture is followed part the Foundations of Qualitative Research 2 (also in three parts).
Reshaping Identity within the context of a new HIV diagnosisCBRC
Exploring the psycho-social impact of an HIV-positive diagnosis: findings from Acute HIV Infection Study.
Presented by Michael Kwag, BC CDC at the 2010 Gay Men's Health Summit.
The way back Information Resources Project:Needs and views of people who have attempted suicide and their family and friends. Presented by Jaelea Skehan, Hunter Institute of Mental Health and project working group members at National Suicide Prevention Conference, July 2014.
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Exploratory Essay
The purpose of this research is to extend the understanding about the willingness of educated or non educated participate in social contacts of varying degrees of closeness with members of diverse social groups, such as racial and ethnic groups.
The culture of a selfish society taking over and love your neighbor dying a painfully slow death? Every time I leave my house and walk or drive in public, im amazed at the attitudes of some people. Theirs is so much aggression around that it s scary to open your mouth, even to defend yourself. That s when I decided to put together a survey to see how people really feel about their fellow stranger. The scale attempts to measure respondents degree of warmth, intimacy, indifference, or hostility to...show more content...It is natural or normal that the strong survived at the cost if weak. In my survey I will look that how educated people might look at other social group that they might lower class and if people that are less educated might be friendlier.
The type of research I will be conducting is explanatory cases because there little or no understanding. Although research has been close to this subject nothing exact. I will use exploratory literature research to gain/discover insights about this situation. When the goal of the literature is to precisely formulate problems, clear concepts, gain insights, eliminate impractical ideas and form hypotheses then exploratory research is used.
Another method I will be using is Quantitative data in a survey. This is data are anything that can be expressed as a number, or quantified. Examples of quantitative data are scores on achievement tests, number of hours of study, or weigh
Complete a scientific inquiry research using three credible sources..pdfforwardcom41
Complete a scientific inquiry research using three credible sources. Start by summarizing the
similarities and differences between social inquiry and the everyday assumptions that people
make. In addition, analyze the way claims are made, based on these two different approaches.
Provide at least one example for each.
Solution
Scientific inquiry
Source :Husband and Wife Differences in Response to Undesirable Life Events
In our society today we have so many dynamics to a “family.” Many things factor into these rolls
and they are not things that were seen 10 or even 5 years ago! We have woman’s rights, equality,
Stay at home fathers, gay rights, and single parent homes. The divorce rate is higher than ever
and what was normal for a family last year is not the same today by any means. After reading the
study you realize that the author is testing about how certain stressors in a person’s life can affect
them in different ways depending on what sex they are. The author states that men and woman
deal with things on a different level and each process things in a different manor. Whereas,
something that may affect a man, will not have as much bearing on a woman and vies versa.
Woman tested were more prone to psychological problems like depression and anxiety. Men
tested were more likely to demonstrate other symptoms of distress such as alcohol or drug use.
They believed that men would become more hostile about situations and woman would be
anxious about the same situation
In the present study of 451 married couples living in the rural midwest, gender differences were
examined in reports of exposure and vulnerability to specific types of undesirable life events.
Consistent with expectations derived from either a social structural or identity perspective, the
results demonstrated that men are more likely than women to report exposure to and to be
distressed by work and financial events. Women, on the other hand, are more strongly influenced
by exposure to negative events within the family but not within their network of friends.
Outcomes vary according to the type of emotional distress. Financial stress, for example,
increases hostility among men more than among women, but wives are more likely than
husbands to report somatic complaints in response to the same stressor. The findings demonstrate
the need for future research that more directly investigates the intraindividual and social
mechanisms which account for gender differences in a broad range of emotional and behavioral
responses to varying types of significant life changes.
Inquiry is a natural human activity; that is, people seek a general understanding about the world
around them. We recognize that present circumstances affect future circumstances. We learn that
getting an education will determine the amount of money we earn later in life. The key to inquiry
is observation. We can never understand the way things work without first having something to
understand. Understanding through experienc.
This analysis elucidates the significance of objectivity in psychological research as well as personal potential barriers to objectivity regarding addiction psychology.
Chapter 1. Introducing PsychologyPsychology is the scientific stEstelaJeffery653
Chapter 1. Introducing Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. The word “psychology” comes from the Greek words “psyche,” meaning life, and “logos,” meaning explanation. Psychology is a popular major for students, a popular topic in the public media, and a part of our everyday lives. Television shows such as Dr. Phil feature psychologists who provide personal advice to those with personal or family difficulties. Crime dramas such as CSI, Lie to Me, and others feature the work of forensic psychologists who use psychological principles to help solve crimes. And many people have direct knowledge about psychology because they have visited psychologists, for instance, school counselors, family therapists, and religious, marriage, or bereavement counselors.
Because we are frequently exposed to the work of psychologists in our everyday lives, we all have an idea about what psychology is and what psychologists do. In many ways I am sure that your conceptions are correct. Psychologists do work in forensic fields, and they do provide counseling and therapy for people in distress. But there are hundreds of thousands of psychologists in the world, and most of them work in other places, doing work that you are probably not aware of.
Most psychologists work in research laboratories, hospitals, and other field settings where they study the behavior of humans and animals. For instance, my colleagues in the Psychology Department at the University of Maryland study such diverse topics as anxiety in children, the interpretation of dreams, the effects of caffeine on thinking, how birds recognize each other, how praying mantises hear, how people from different cultures react differently in negotiation, and the factors that lead people to engage in terrorism. Other psychologists study such topics as alcohol and drug addiction, memory, emotion, hypnosis, love, what makes people aggressive or helpful, and the psychologies of politics, prejudice, culture, and religion. Psychologists also work in schools and businesses, and they use a variety of methods, including observation, questionnaires, interviews, and laboratory studies, to help them understand behavior.
This chapter provides an introduction to the broad field of psychology and the many approaches that psychologists take to understanding human behavior. We will consider how psychologists conduct scientific research, with an overview of some of the most important approaches used and topics studied by psychologists, and also consider the variety of fields in which psychologists work and the careers that are available to people with psychology degrees. I expect that you may find that at least some of your preconceptions about psychology will be challenged and changed, and you will learn that psychology is a field that will provide you with new ways of thinking about your own thoughts, feelings, and actions.
1.1 Psychology as a ScienceLearning Objectives
1. Explain why using our intui ...
Introduction to Social Psychology
I used local and foreign books. Some concepts are not mentioned here in my slides but will be discussed during our session.
If you want to know the resources feel free to comment below.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
4. Types of Research Quantitative Classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed Qualitative Determine the essential characteristics, properties, or processes of something or someone
6. Quantitative Research Comes from Durkheim Natural science model Aim is to classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed To quantify is to count, to determine frequency, to measure amounts, or to state something in mathematical or statistical terms
7. Quantitative Research Researcher knows clearly in advance what they are looking for All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected Can take substantially less time than qualitative research
8. Quantitative Research Survey research A series of questions asked of a number of people Interview or self-administered questionnaire
9. Quantitative Research Surveys Easier to administer and allow researchers to gather data on identical variables from many people simultaneously Allows researcher to obtain information on things that cannot be observed directly, such as attitudes Not a good way to measure people’s actual behavior Takes minutes to weeks
10. Quantitative Research Closed-ended questions Exhaustive and mutually exclusive What is your age? 0-18 19-29 30+ Open-ended questions How do you feel about abortion?
11. Quantitative Research Surveys Adapt the phrasing of questions to the educational level of your respondents, but do not insult them. What is your GPA – that is, your grade point average?
12. Quantitative Research Surveys Avoid double negatives in your questions Do you oppose denying students access to their files or not? Don’t ask double-barreled questions “Do you favor or oppose giving medical care to small babies and bums?
13. Quantitative Research Avoid marathon questions What do you think we should do about cheating on campus – should we abolish take-home exams, even if this means that students only get tested on writing that they have rushed through, as in in-class exams, or should be allow take-home exams even if this means a number of students will cheat?
14. Quantitative Research Surveys Don’t ask leading or loaded questions Do you agree with the Democrats that we ought to keep religion and the state separate? Don’t ask questions your respondents can’t answer How many ice cubes did you use last year?
15. Quantitative Research Experimental research All (or as many as possible) relevant factors are controlled and one variable is manipulated to determine its effect Experimental and control groups Must be randomly assigned Only means by which we can explore causal relationships among variables Hawthorne Effect
16. Quantitative Research Secondary analysis Use of existing information that was gathered by others or that exists independently of the researcher’s current research Unobtrusive (nonreactive) research
17. Suicide Case study of suicide Secondary analysis of death certificates Not interested in why individual people commit suicide, but in the social aspects of suicide Human behavior is influenced and defined by the interaction of individuals and the groups we form
18. Suicide “Our first task then must be to determine the order of facts to be studied under the name of suicides” “The term suicide is applied to all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim, which he knows will produce this result. An attempt is an act thus defined by falling short of actual death.”
19. Suicide “But is the fact thus defined of interest to the sociologist? Since suicide is an individual action affecting the individual only, it must seemingly depend exclusively on individual factors, thus belonging to psychology alone. Is not the suicide’s resolve usually explained by his temperament, character, antecedents and private history?”
20. Suicide “If, instead of seeing in them only separate occurrences, unrelated and to be separately studied, the suicides committed in a given society during a given period of time are taken as a whole, it appears that this total is not simply a sum of independent units, a collective total, but is itself a new fact sui generis – a nature, futhermore, dominantly social.”
21. Suicide “At each moment of its history, therefore, each society has a definite aptitude for suicide. The relative intensity of this aptitude is measured by taking the proportion between the total number of voluntary deaths and the population of every age and sex. We will call this numerical datum the rate of mortality through suicide, characteristic of the society under consideration.”
22. Suicide Altruistic Those who commit suicide for others Hero suicide Egoistic Suicide for oneself; feeling of not belonging Lone wolf suicide
23. Suicide Anomic Suicide when the norms of society no longer apply College student overdose Fatalistic Suicide when one is overly oppressed and sees no way out Prison suicide
24. Suicide Less Likely More Likely Protestants Unmarried Soldiers NCOs Peace Economic prosperity or recession East Catholics Married Civilians Enlisted War Economic stability West
26. Qualitative Research Comes from Weber Sociology is an interpretive science Aim is to determine the essential characteristics, properties, or processes of something or something Takes into account social meanings/reasons attached to behavior
27. Qualitative Research Researcher may only know roughly in advance what they are looking for Design emerges as the study unfolds Takes months to years
28. Qualitative Research Observational research Researcher directly observes the behavior of individuals in their usual social environments, not in a laboratory Field research Allows the researcher to observe people in their natural habitat Only small groups can be observed at once
29. Qualitative Research Complete participant Researcher is undercover and does not tell people being observed that they are doing research Complete observer Researcher views things from a distance or somehow blends into the social scenery Researcher is generally unknown to the people being observed
30. Qualitative Research Participant observation Researcher is an active participants in the event being studied Researcher admits to being a researcher so that people know they are being studied
31. Qualitative Research Ethnography Method of studying the social and cultural dimensions of human interaction Focuses on meaning Goal is to understand communities and cultures from an insider’s perspective and translate that understanding to outsiders
32. Crackhouse “This book focuses on the lives of people in a crackhouse in New York City. Some have lived together for years as family, friends, lovers; others pass through for a moment. This is a story about their lives, lives that otherwise go unnoticed save for the degrading rituals of arrest, trial, and imprisonment.”
33. Crackhouse “Some see crack-cocaine as the exciting new happening on the drug scene, the latest in a series of ‘best highs in the world’ that Americans like to experiment with in the belief that chemicals will change them for the better and never for the worse. For others, the crackhouse is the place to escape the pain of disappointment in love, the destruction of a family, the death of parents.”
34. Crackhouse “I first learned about crackhouses through my relationship with ‘Splib,’ a key contact and guide in my fieldwork for The Cocaine Kids.” “I wanted to know, among other things, whether drug taking and sexual behaviors were the same in all crackhouses, whether the people hanging out were those who used to patronize the afterhour clubs, why there were so many young women in these places.” Crackhouses and crack spots
35. Crackhouse “Inside the crackhouses I constructed structured interviews and participated in casual conversations, but tape recordings were possible only on those occasions when people explicitly asked that their life stories be taken in this fashion. We spoke not only in crackhouses but on rooftops and streetcorner benches, in bars, private apartments, restaurants, abandoned buildings, housing-project parks, cars, elevators, halls, and stairwells.”
36. Crackhouse “People talk about themselves because they want attention; it is not difficult to get a life story by showing interest and listening” “People often lie”
37. Crackhouse “I did not participate in the activities that are at the center of life in the crackhouse, but I did provide support of a sort. At first I did not offer to pay for interviews, nor was I asked for money. Over time, however, I started to ‘loan’ money for groceries or buy them myself. Then I found that people were willing to leave the house and talk to me in a more structured way if I paid them a few dollars. We have achieved some ease with each other, even friendship, but I was asking them to provide a service – to answer questions about their lives – and paying them was an honorable way of expressing gratitude and respect to those who were willing to share their knowledge”
38. Crackhouse “One way to achieve clarity is to bring out the whole person, in his or her own voice. Thus, much of this book consists of personal narratives, as they offer a more vivid picture of crackhouse life than any set of categories or any specific theory.”
39. Both Qualitative & Quantitative Content analysis Systematically extracting data from a wide range of texts to see what it reveals about authors, the times in which the texts were written, etc. Unobtrusive (nonreactive) research Can only study things that leave traces
40. Both Qualitative & Quantitative Focus group Less than 10 people led by a moderator in a discussion concerning the participants’ attitudes about some event, product, etc.
41. Ethics The Nuremburg Code Participation is voluntary No harm to participants Participants are informed of all risks associated with the study
42. Ethics Informed consent Researchers have explained all possible risks involved and the participants consent to participate in the study Institutional Review Board Ethical review committees whose main duties are to approve, monitor and review research involving human subjects Protect the rights and welfare of participants
43. Milgram Experiment Teacher and Learner Mr. Wallace Learner protests as voltage increases, complains of heart problems, stops answering “The experiment requires that you continue” 65% went through to the end Same room, holding Mr. Wallace down 30% No one who got within five shocks of the end ever quit
44. Tearoom Trade Laud Humphreys Study of homosexual encounters in public park restrooms Look-out or watchqueen License plate numbers Police reports Health care research