2. From Race to Gender
O Sarah Baartman
O Hottentot Venus
O 19th century
3. Sex vs. Gender
O Sex
O Biological or physical attribute
O Gender
O Social/cultural attribute
4. Sex vs. Gender
O Sex differences
O The physical and biological differences
between males and females
O Gender differences
O Social expectations about how males and
females out to act and their respective
rights and duties
O Mead – Sex and Temperament in Three
Primitive Societies
5. Sex
O Biological differences
O Males are:
O 10% taller
O 20% heavier
O 35% stronger in the upper body
O May have been influenced by social
decisions of our evolutionary past
O Women tend to live longer, hit puberty
earlier
6. Gender
O An inner feeling that you are male, female,
both, or somewhere in between
O Process of social presentation
O Gender roles
O Behavioral expectations and norms
O Individual adopts the behaviors of the
gender they wish to portray
O Can change
8. Gender
O Lorber – Night to His
Day
O “Doing” gender
O Gender roles change
over time
O Ms. Magazine, Louise
Gould (1972)
O Thought experiment
O Raising a child free of
gender-typing
9. For every 100 girls…
O For every 100 girl babies born, there are
105 boy babies born
O For every 100 girls aged 5-14 who die,
148 boys die
O For every 100 high school girls who felt
too unsafe to go to school, 104 boys felt
the same way
O For ever 100 twelfth-grade girls who
engaged in a physical fight on school
property, 214 boys got in a fit
10. For every 100 girls…
O For every 100 girls in grades 10-12 who
drop out of high school, 121 boys drop out
O For every 100 women aged 20-24 who
commit suicide, 624 males of the same
age kill themselves
O For every 100 women ages 22-24 in
correctional facilities, there are 1430
males in correctional facilities
O For every 100 women aged 18-24 living in
emergency and transitional shelters, there
are 86 men living in similar shelters
14. Work and Occupations
O Split labor market
O Primary and secondary labor market
O “Motherhood wage penalty”
O Comparable worth
O Work of equal value, requiring the same
level of skills, should earn equal pay, even
when the work is not identical
16. Sexism
O Belief that one sex is superior to another
O Belief that men and women are different
and that should be reflected in society
O Hatred of men (misandry) or women
(misogyny)
18. Gender Discordance
O When gender identity and biological sex
conflict
O Not always looked down upon in all
cultures
O Atypically behaving youth are socialized so
that their individual characteristics provide
useful functions for society
O Shaman, medicine man, tong-ki (Daoism),
berdache (Native American Two Spirit),
hijra (South Asia), xanith (Arabic)
19. Sexuality
O Socially constructed
O Heterosexuality, homosexuality,
bisexuality, asexuality, pansexuality, etc…
O Freud
O Oedipus complex
O Erogenous zones
O Fetishes
20. Sexuality
O Kinsey – Understanding Sexual
Orientation
O “Homosexual personality”
O Sexuality can change over time
O Continuum
21. Queer Theory
O “Queer is by definition whatever is at odds
with the normal, the legitimate, the
dominant. There is nothing in particular to
which it necessarily refers. It is an identity
without an essence. „Queer‟ then,
demarcates not a positivity but a
positionality vis-à-vis the normative”
David Halperin
22. Queer Theory
O Identities are not fixed
O Cannot be categorized or labeled
O Consist of many varied components
O Separation between what one does and
what one is
O Performativity
O Heteronormativity is embedded in social
institutions
O Goal is to destabilize identity categories
23. Issues Facing LGBTQ
Community
O Group identity
O Prejudice
O Bullying
O Homelessness
O Equal rights
O Health issues
O Gay marriage
O Employment
