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Social Class, Ethnicity, and
Sexuality
Kieran Shah
Social class is defined by the social, economic, and
educational status that is shared by others.
Social Class
Ethnicity
The affiliation one has with others from a certain race.
Sexuality
The sexual preference you have.
Stuart Hall
Media creates dominant ideologies surrounding social values
Polysemy – Media has multiple meanings down to how it is
decoded by the individual in the context/culture
There are three way to read a text
Dominant Reading – It’s read in the way the producer
intended
Negotiated Reading – It’s mostly read in the intended way but
compromises in a way that is relevant to their experiences
Oppositional Reading – They reject the true meaning due to
their social position
Social Class Theory
Gramsci’s Hegemony
Media teaches people what is the best political,
economic, ideological, and cultural structure as defined
by the dominant group in society
The higher the social class, the more power they have
Social Class Theory
Marxism
Power is in the hands of the bourgeoisie who have the
wealth to generate more power
The proletariat accept themselves as powerless workers
for the bourgeoisie
There are two ways the elite control the masses...
Repressive Structures – If rules aren’t upheld then they will
act with force (army, police, legal system, etc.)
Ideological Structures – Behaviour is governed by values
and ideologies (schools, religion, family, etc.)
Social Class Theory
Alvarado
Said there are four themes in racial representation...
Exotic
Dangerous
Humorous
Pitied
Ethnicity Theory
Tokenism
Creates a false impression of equality with the
inclusion of a few characters from minority groups
Ethnicity Theory
Queer Theory
Heterosexuality is presented as the norm
However, there is evidence that our approach to
homosexuality is becoming more open and fluid
There is now less of a prejudice toward
homosexuality
Sexuality Theory
Gender Trouble – Butler
Gender is constructed through the media, not
biologically
Sometimes characters are represented as over the
top variations of these constructed conventions
which creates ‘gender trouble’
This is linked to sexuality too, and states
heterosexuality as been constructed as normal and
homosexual to be abnormal
Sexuality Theory

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Social Class, Ethnicity, and Sexuality

  • 1. Social Class, Ethnicity, and Sexuality Kieran Shah
  • 2. Social class is defined by the social, economic, and educational status that is shared by others. Social Class Ethnicity The affiliation one has with others from a certain race. Sexuality The sexual preference you have.
  • 3. Stuart Hall Media creates dominant ideologies surrounding social values Polysemy – Media has multiple meanings down to how it is decoded by the individual in the context/culture There are three way to read a text Dominant Reading – It’s read in the way the producer intended Negotiated Reading – It’s mostly read in the intended way but compromises in a way that is relevant to their experiences Oppositional Reading – They reject the true meaning due to their social position Social Class Theory
  • 4. Gramsci’s Hegemony Media teaches people what is the best political, economic, ideological, and cultural structure as defined by the dominant group in society The higher the social class, the more power they have Social Class Theory
  • 5. Marxism Power is in the hands of the bourgeoisie who have the wealth to generate more power The proletariat accept themselves as powerless workers for the bourgeoisie There are two ways the elite control the masses... Repressive Structures – If rules aren’t upheld then they will act with force (army, police, legal system, etc.) Ideological Structures – Behaviour is governed by values and ideologies (schools, religion, family, etc.) Social Class Theory
  • 6. Alvarado Said there are four themes in racial representation... Exotic Dangerous Humorous Pitied Ethnicity Theory
  • 7. Tokenism Creates a false impression of equality with the inclusion of a few characters from minority groups Ethnicity Theory
  • 8. Queer Theory Heterosexuality is presented as the norm However, there is evidence that our approach to homosexuality is becoming more open and fluid There is now less of a prejudice toward homosexuality Sexuality Theory
  • 9. Gender Trouble – Butler Gender is constructed through the media, not biologically Sometimes characters are represented as over the top variations of these constructed conventions which creates ‘gender trouble’ This is linked to sexuality too, and states heterosexuality as been constructed as normal and homosexual to be abnormal Sexuality Theory