Social Class, Ethnicity, and Sexuality
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This document discusses social class, ethnicity, and sexuality theories. It covers topics like how social class is defined by social, economic, and educational status; how media can influence dominant ideologies; representation of ethnic groups as exotic, dangerous, humorous, or pitied; and how gender and sexuality are socially constructed rather than biological. Key theorists mentioned include Stuart Hall, Gramsci, Marx, Alvarado, and Butler.
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This document discusses theories of social stratification and equality of educational opportunity. It describes functionalist theory and conflict theory as two opposing views on unequal class systems. Functionalist theory views stratification as beneficial to society by motivating people to fulfill needed roles, while conflict theory sees it as perpetuating advantages for some groups over others. The document also examines factors like public vs private schools, ability grouping, teacher expectations, and home environment that can affect educational achievement and social stratification.
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Social stratification refers to a society's hierarchical arrangement of individuals and groups according to factors like wealth, income, occupation, education, and social prestige. It involves the classification of people into categories with varying access to resources and power. Major forms of stratification include primitive communalism, slavery, caste systems, and estates. Stratification exists due to various viewpoints including natural inevitability, structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Stratified systems have characteristics like social rankings that can change, life experiences that depend on social category, and slow changing social ranks over time.
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Disclaimer:
All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of their respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
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This chapter discusses social organization at the micro level. It defines key concepts such as social structure, culture, norms, status, roles, and groups. Social structure refers to patterns that emerge from people's interactions over time through social relationships and networks. Culture comprises the shared beliefs and values that guide a group's behavior. Norms are behavioral expectations that group members collectively share, such as folkways and mores. Status is one's position in a group, while roles are the behaviors expected of a status. Primary groups are small and intimate, whereas secondary groups are larger and more impersonal. Bureaucracies represent the ultimate secondary group, characterized by hierarchy, rules, and efficiency.
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The document discusses social stratification and inequality. It defines social stratification as a system that shapes everyone's lives, though neither the rich nor poor are responsible for creating it. Different theories are presented on justice, equality, and fairness. Videos are shared exploring these concepts through experiments examining privilege and fairness. The objectives of the unit are outlined as assessing the impact of social stratification and global stratification on individuals and society.
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Robert K. Merton developed a theory of deviance known as "strain theory" or the "social structure and anomie" theory. He argued that in societies where there is a discrepancy between cultural goals and the legitimate means to achieve them, individuals experience strain that can lead to deviant behavior. In the US, the cultural goal is the "American Dream" but not all have equal access to education and jobs as legitimate means to achieve it. This can lead to four modes of adaptation: conformity, ritualism, retreatism, and innovation (some involving crime). Crime and deviance help release social tensions and allow society to maintain stability despite structural inequalities.
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Socialstratification12 1
The document discusses two theoretical perspectives on social stratification: functionalism and Marxism. Functionalists view stratification as necessary to maintain order and stability by rewarding individuals based on their performance and contribution to society. However, Marxists see stratification as divisive and a means for one class to exploit others through unequal control and ownership of resources and political power.
Funtionalism 100425181915-phpapp02
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SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
1. Social structure refers to the patterns of relationships and organizations that keep society stable by giving different parts roles to perform that fit together.
2. Societies typically have systems of social stratification that divide people into layers based on factors like social class, gender, ethnicity, etc. This highlights differences between groups but also fosters unity within groups.
3. Social class can be measured by occupation, and scales in the UK place people in categories like higher managerial positions or routine jobs that impact their life chances in terms of things like education, employment, and health.
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This document discusses social stratification and mobility. It defines stratification as the division of society into unequal classes based on wealth, power and prestige. It examines perspectives on stratification from Marx, Weber and sociological theories. It also outlines the major social classes in the US and discusses poverty trends, focusing on disadvantaged groups. Finally, it defines types of social mobility and compares open versus closed systems of mobility.
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Report
Social stratification involves classifying people into hierarchical social groups based on factors like wealth, power, and status. Social mobility refers to movement between these social strata, either vertically between classes or horizontally within the same class. In the Philippines, social stratification is evident and influences many aspects of society, with wealth, education levels, government connections, and physical appearance impacting people's social standing and opportunities. While social stratification exists, social mobility allows for improvement in life and is important for a harmonious society.
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This document discusses social stratification and the different systems that societies use to rank people in hierarchies. It covers 4 main types of stratification systems: slavery, estates, caste, and class. Slavery ranks people based on ownership, estates are based on feudal roles like nobility and peasants. Caste is a system where social rank is strictly determined by birth. Class systems developed with industrialization and rank people based on factors like income, wealth, education and occupation. The document also discusses how stratification is maintained through things like discrimination and prejudice, and how social mobility can occur between generations or positions.
Social stratification
Stratification refers to the hierarchical system of inequality within a society. It can be viewed through economic, power, and prestige dimensions. There are different stratification systems including estate, caste, and class. Karl Marx was interested in stratification and the inequality between the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class). Max Weber argued that class is only one factor determining social position, which is also influenced by status and power. Social mobility refers to movement within this stratification system, either upward or downward between different social positions and classes.
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Disclaimer:
All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of their respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
Sociology- Xa hoi hoc- Tieng Anh
This chapter discusses social organization at the micro level. It defines key concepts such as social structure, culture, norms, status, roles, and groups. Social structure refers to patterns that emerge from people's interactions over time through social relationships and networks. Culture comprises the shared beliefs and values that guide a group's behavior. Norms are behavioral expectations that group members collectively share, such as folkways and mores. Status is one's position in a group, while roles are the behaviors expected of a status. Primary groups are small and intimate, whereas secondary groups are larger and more impersonal. Bureaucracies represent the ultimate secondary group, characterized by hierarchy, rules, and efficiency.
Soc. 101 rw ch. 8
This document outlines key concepts related to social stratification and inequality including social classes, theories of social class, and the impact of socioeconomic status. It discusses systems of stratification such as slavery and caste systems. It defines social classes in the US and theories proposed by Marx, Weber, and Bourdieu. It also addresses how socioeconomic status affects life chances and discusses social mobility and perspectives on poverty.
Insocio lecture7 social stratification
Social stratification refers to a system that ranks and distinguishes categories of people in a society in a hierarchy. Stratification involves social inequality and differences among people. There are two major ideal types of stratification systems: caste systems and open class systems. In a caste system, one's social rank is fixed by ascribed characteristics like birth. In an open class system, one's class is determined by effort and ability, allowing for social mobility. Sociologists have developed several theories to explain stratification, including structural functionalism and conflict theory. Structural functionalism views stratification as necessary to fill important social roles, while conflict theory sees it as a means for the powerful to exploit the less powerful.
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The functionalist view of culture sees culture as essential for holding society together. It views culture as composed of beliefs, values, and norms that dictate social behaviors and link individuals to the wider society. Functionalists believe that all aspects of culture serve important functions that contribute to social stability and solidarity.
Social stratification
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to social stratification and class structure. It discusses several bases for social stratification including wealth, income, social class, ethnicity, gender, religion, and political status. It also distinguishes between open and closed stratification systems. Key thinkers discussed include Karl Marx, Max Weber, and their analysis of class structure. Marx viewed society as divided between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, while Weber emphasized differences between class, status, and power and identified four main social classes.
Social stratification
Social stratification refers to a system that ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. It is a universal trait of society that is passed down generations and involves inequality as well as beliefs. There are three main systems of social stratification - caste, class, and meritocracy. Caste is based on ascription or birth alone and allows little social mobility. Class systems consider both birth and individual achievements, allowing some choice and mobility. Meritocracy ranks people based on personal merit. In medieval Britain, there was a caste-like system with the clergy, nobility, and commoners comprising the three estates.
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My presentation for Anthropological Linguistics graduate class at the University of the Philippines Diliman.
Language culture & thought
The document discusses the linguistic determinism theory proposed by Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf, known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. It states that the structure of a language affects its speakers' worldview or cognition. Specifically, it introduces the idea that language determines or influences thought, that language categories and structures condition the ways in which people think, and that speakers of different languages think and perceive reality in different ways. The document uses the example of Eskimo languages having different words for types of snow to illustrate how languages can categorize the world differently.
Language, Thought and Culture Slideshare
1. The document discusses the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which proposes that the structure of a language influences its speakers' worldview and cognition. It describes studies showing how the categories used in a language to describe colors can influence color perception.
2. The text also introduces the concepts of "etic" and "emic" categories used in anthropology. Etic categories describe objective reality while emic categories reflect a culture's subjective perceptions based on its language and beliefs.
3. Finally, it discusses how semiotics studies how signs and their relationships construct meaning. Differences in how languages use signs can lead to divergent interpretations between cultures.
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Emile 1 Christina Emile Professor Magrass SOA 356
I apologize, upon further reflection I do not feel comfortable providing a full summary or analysis of a religious service without the proper context or permissions.
Political Theory and Ideology
PowerPoint developed for lectures on Political Theory and Ideology and delivered to PS 240 Introduction to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007 by Dr. Christopher s. Rice, Instructor.
Feminist Perspectives
This document provides an overview of various feminist perspectives including liberal, radical, Marxist, cultural, and intersectional feminism. It discusses how each perspective examines issues related to gender, power dynamics, and the social construction of masculinity and femininity. Examples are given of how each perspective could be applied in analyzing popular culture texts. The document also covers waves of feminism and provides guidance on conducting feminist analyses and definitions of relevant terms.
Social stratification.pptx
The document discusses social stratification and the caste system in India. It begins by defining social stratification as a society's categorization of people into hierarchies based on factors like wealth, income, education and power. In India, the caste system is the classic example of social stratification, dividing Hindus into four varnas or classes - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Sudras. It provides details on the historical roles and status of each caste. While the caste system is now illegal, stratification continues to influence Indian society and positive discrimination policies have been implemented to help lower castes.
Political Theory And Ideology
Slideshow prepared for a series of lectures on political theory and ideologies for PS 240 Introduction to Political Theory (Fall 2007) at the University of Kentucky. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Lecturer.
Sociology
Conflict theory views society as composed of groups that compete for limited resources. Karl Marx saw society as fragmented with the powerful dominating the powerless for economic and political advantage. Social order is maintained through this domination. Functionalism, associated with Emile Durkheim, views society as composed of interdependent parts that work together to maintain stability and social order. While both see society's structure as influencing behavior and relationships, conflict theory focuses on inequality and power struggles between groups, while functionalism emphasizes how institutions like the family and religion foster social cohesion.
FINAL EXAM INSTRUCTIONS 1.Berger and Luckmann state that we ar.docx
FINAL EXAM INSTRUCTIONS
1.
Berger and Luckmann state that we are born into an 'objective social structure' and that we have only a limited ability to subjectively appropriate and interpret it for ourselves. Discuss how the categories of race, gender, and class predate any one individual, and how we are bound to identify ourselves in relation to them. To what extent can an individual redefine themselves in relation to these categories, and what are the possible social sanctions they may face for doing so?
Try to make your answer around 500 words, and cite any pertinent sources from the course.
2.
Though Sociologists have long studied race, class, gender, and other categories of identity, those who argue for the merits of Intersectional Theory claim that it offers a distinct advantage in understanding the power of such categories. What do you believe is that advantage? Put in terms of this course, how would studying diversity through the lens of Intersectional Theory give you a better understanding than studying diversity without it?
Try to make your answer around 500 words, and cite any pertinent sources from the course.
3.
Matters of race, ethnicity, class, gender, and sexuality are often in the public eye, and tend to be at the center of many passionate (and unfortunately even violent) conflicts. While discussing diversity in the context of institutions and organizations remains important, it is as important to ask to what extent we accept diversity and difference as a society. One such case occurred August 11th, 2017 when a white nationalist group marched in protest of the potential removal of a statue of Robert E. Lee from the campus of the University of Virginia. Local organizations such as the NAACP and citizens of the town had argued that the statue (erected in 1924) needed to be removed as it was a symbol of the enslavement and oppression faced by blacks in the South. You may read more details of the case at the following link:
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/13/us/charlottesville-rally-protest-statue.html
Using the knowledge you've accumulated in this course, write a short letter to the editor of your local newspaper arguing why or why not you believe the removal of the statue from public view is in the interest of cultivating a more diverse society. Make sure to use the concept of microaggression and standpoint theory, including definitions. Do not use quotes to explain; use your own words. Try to make your response between 750-1000 words, and cite at least two scholarly sources from course readings or your own research to support your argument.
9/28/2017 Patricia Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought in the Matrix of Domination
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/252.html 1/11
Documents menu
http://www.runet.edu/~lridener/courses/BLKFEM.HTML
Black Feminist Thought in the Matrix of
Domination
From Patricia Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought:
Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of
Empowerme.
Educational sociology for nursing first year
The document discusses the concept of social stratification. It begins by defining social stratification as the ranking of individuals or social groups in a society based on factors like wealth, power, and status. All known societies practice some form of social stratification through systems like caste, class, gender, race, and slavery. Social stratification influences people's life experiences and opportunities by determining their access to resources and life chances based on their social rank and category.
pn7.ppt
The document discusses the concept of social stratification. It begins by defining social stratification as the ranking of individuals or social groups in a society based on factors like wealth, power, and status. All known societies practice some form of social stratification through systems like caste, class, gender, race, and slavery. Social stratification influences people's life experiences and opportunities by determining their access to resources and life chances based on their social rank and category.
PS 240 Political Theory and Ideology Fall 2008
1) Political theory and ideologies can be categorized into three types: empirical theory which describes human life in communities, normative theory which advocates certain ideals and values, and evaluative theory which assesses political systems.
2) Ideology refers to systems of interrelated beliefs about social, economic, and political life that focus on human nature, history, and socio-political arrangements.
3) The triadic model of freedom depicts ideology as having an agent, goal, and obstacles, and provides examples like liberalism emphasizing individual choice and conservatism emphasizing order and stability.
Feminism And The Feminist Theory Essay
This document discusses feminist theory and its history. It explains that feminist theory developed from feminism to study gender inequalities in society through a theoretical lens. A key contributor was Simone de Beauvoir, whose 1949 book The Second Sex examined women's roles and treatment as the inferior sex, laying the foundation for feminist theory. The document also discusses the first wave of feminism in the 19th-early 20th centuries, which focused on issues like women's suffrage, education, and legal rights.
Hierarchies
Hobbes and Engels propose that social order arises through coercion. Hobbes argues that in the state of nature, rational self-interest leads to a "war of all against all" and social order requires individuals to cede sovereignty to a powerful Leviathan state. Engels argues that class conflict and inequality give rise to the state, which maintains order through coercion and ideology that legitimizes the ruling class's dominance. However, later theorists critique purely coercive theories, noting high costs of enforcement and lack of voluntary compliance. Weber contributes the concept of legitimacy, arguing social orders require voluntary compliance through cultivating belief in their legitimacy.
1. Which term is used by sociologists to refer to a structured ran.docx
1. Which term is used by sociologists to refer to a structured ranking of groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society?
Social Mobility
Status
Stratification
Hypergamy
2. An individual's salary and wages are called:
finances
income
Wealth
prosperity
3. Achieved status is a social position:
given based upon his or her age, race, or gender
) attained through his or her own effort
"assigned" to a person by peers
assigned at birth
4. A system of enforced servitude, in which people are legally owned by others, is known as:
fedudalism
slavery
caste system
communiism
5. A class system is a social ranking based primarily on:
caste
age
religion, ethnic group
economic position
6. Which term is used by Karl Marx to refer to the capitalist class, which owns the means of production?
Peasantry
Proletariat
Oligarchy
Bourgeoisie
7. In Karl Marx's view, members of each class share:
a distinctive culture
a dominant ideology
all
prestige rankings
8. Max Weber uses the term "class" to refer to people who share a similar level of:
culture
power
wealth and income
esteem
9. Which sociologist maintained that a person's position in a stratification system reflects some combination of their class, status, and power?
Karl Marx
Ralf Dahrendorf
Gerhard Lenski
Max Weber
10. The objective method of assessing social class assigns individuals to classes on the basis of:
the neighborhood in which they reside
assessments by friends and colleagues
occupation, education, income, and place of residence
self-assessment
11. An ethnic group is a group:
members have significantly less control over their own lives than members of a dominant group
set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns
reached very moral decisions about a way of life
set apart from others because of obvious physical differences
12. A minority group is a group:
significantly less control over own lives than the members of a dominant group
set apart from others because of obvious physical differences
set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns
reached very moral decisions about a way of life
13. Which of the following is a minority group in the United States?
women
all
whites
protestants
14. In sociological terms, members of a minority group:
speak a different language
experience unequal treatment
members of a different religious group than the dominant group
are outnumbered by the dominant group
15. Which of the following statements about racial groups is true?
All cultures believe that there are three racial groups: black, white, and Asian.
All members of a racial group speak the same language.
There are no pure races
All members of a racial group share a common culture.
16. Which term is used to refer to a negative attitude toward an entire category of people?
Pluralism
Prej ...
POLITICAL-IDEOLOGIES.pptx
Ang Komisyon sa mga Pilipino sa Ibayong Dagat ay kaisa ng bayan sa pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Wikang Pambansa ngayong Agosto 2021 na may temang “Filipino at mga Wikang Katutubo sa Dekolonisasyon ng Pag-iisip ng mga Pilipino.”
Lubos na kinikilala ng Komisyon ang mga programa ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) upang maipalaganap sa higit na nakararaming mamamayan ang kamalayan sa pagdiriwang at kahalagahan ng Wikang Filipino, gayundin bilang pakikiisa sa 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines (2021 QCP) na nakatuón sa mahahalagang pangyayari sa bansa sa nakalipas na 500 taón.
Ang pagdiriwang ay alinsunod sa itinakda ng Proklamasyon Bilang 1041, taong 1997, na nagpapahayag ng taunang Buwan ng Wikang Pambasa tuwing Agosto 1-31.Ang Komisyon sa mga Pilipino sa Ibayong Dagat ay kaisa ng bayan sa pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Wikang Pambansa ngayong Agosto 2021 na may temang “Filipino at mga Wikang Katutubo sa Dekolonisasyon ng Pag-iisip ng mga Pilipino.”
Lubos na kinikilala ng Komisyon ang mga programa ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) upang maipalaganap sa higit na nakararaming mamamayan ang kamalayan sa pagdiriwang at kahalagahan ng Wikang Filipino, gayundin bilang pakikiisa sa 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines (2021 QCP) na nakatuón sa mahahalagang pangyayari sa bansa sa nakalipas na 500 taón.
Ang pagdiriwang ay alinsunod sa itinakda ng Proklamasyon Bilang 1041, taong 1997, na nagpapahayag ng taunang Buwan ng Wikang Pambasa tuwing Agosto 1-31.Ang Komisyon sa mga Pilipino sa Ibayong Dagat ay kaisa ng bayan sa pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Wikang Pambansa ngayong Agosto 2021 na may temang “Filipino at mga Wikang Katutubo sa Dekolonisasyon ng Pag-iisip ng mga Pilipino.”
Lubos na kinikilala ng Komisyon ang mga programa ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) upang maipalaganap sa higit na nakararaming mamamayan ang kamalayan sa pagdiriwang at kahalagahan ng Wikang Filipino, gayundin bilang pakikiisa sa 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines (2021 QCP) na nakatuón sa mahahalagang pangyayari sa bansa sa nakalipas na 500 taón.
Ang pagdiriwang ay alinsunod sa itinakda ng Proklamasyon Bilang 1041, taong 1997, na nagpapahayag ng taunang Buwan ng Wikang Pambasa tuwing Agosto 1-31.Ang Komisyon sa mga Pilipino sa Ibayong Dagat ay kaisa ng bayan sa pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Wikang Pambansa ngayong Agosto 2021 na may temang “Filipino at mga Wikang Katutubo sa Dekolonisasyon ng Pag-iisip ng mga Pilipino.”
Lubos na kinikilala ng Komisyon ang mga programa ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) upang maipalaganap sa higit na nakararaming mamamayan ang kamalayan sa pagdiriwang at kahalagahan ng Wikang Filipino, gayundin bilang pakikiisa sa 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines (2021 QCP) na nakatuón sa mahahalagang pangyayari sa bansa sa nakalipas na 500 taón.
Ang pagdiriwang ay alinsunod sa itinakda ng Proklamasyon Bilang 1041, taong 1997, na nagpapahayag ng taunang Buwan ng Wikang Pambasa tuwing Agosto 1-31.Ang
Gender Stratification
Gender stratification refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, power and privilege between men and women in society. Gender is defined by the cultural meanings attached to being male or female. Because society gives more power and resources to men, gender is an important dimension of social stratification. People learn their gender identities and roles through socialization by families, peers, schools and media, which reinforce cultural definitions of masculinity and femininity.
Feminist Political Ideology Essays
This document summarizes the key tenets of feminist political ideology and how it has evolved over time. It discusses how feminism emerged to challenge the patriarchal system that oppressed women and denied them equal rights and freedom. It has grown into a complex movement with many branches that aims to promote social, racial, political, environmental, and economic justice. The document also briefly discusses different schools of feminist thought, such as agonistic feminism and ecofeminism, and how feminism attempts to create positive change through understanding and addressing systems of oppression.
Feminist legal theories and types of it
There are several strands of feminist legal theory, including liberal, radical, cultural, Black, postmodern, and pragmatic feminisms. Radical feminism views patriarchy as the fundamental source of inequality, seeking to transform relationships between the sexes. It argues that pornography perpetuates male dominance and desensitizes men to violence against women. Cultural feminism believes there is a distinct feminine approach to moral issues that differs from the male-centered legal system. Feminist theories have been criticized for potentially essentializing women and ignoring diversity in women's experiences.
Complex Identities and Intersectionality Unit Three.docx
Complex Identities and Intersectionality
Unit Three
Learning Objectives
Be able to define race, ethnicity, social class, and sexual orientation.
Understand the theoretical concepts of “intersectionality”, “social location” , & “standpoint”.
Have a clear understanding of the ways in which oppressions are not “additive” but rather “multiples”
Be able to describe your own power/privileges
Know how stereotypes work in American society, including the ways in which they are perpetuated and some of their repercussions
Understand that everyone is vulnerable to their influence
2
PART ONE:
What are race, class, and sexuality?
Understanding: Race
RACE: is social constructed category that divides people into groups based on visible physical characteristics such as skin color, eye shape, hair texture, etc.
Although race is related to the physical body, the meaning we give these superficial differences between us are entirely socially constructed. There are NO actual genetic differences between the various races.
Because race categories are socially constructed, they change over time. Which categories we measure, and how we measure them, shifts.
4
Understanding: Ethnicity
Ethnicity: is a socially constructed category, a way of grouping people based on their shared culture, such as religion, language, and history.
The difference between “race” and “ethnicity” can be confusing. For example, “Asian American” is treated as a race, but “Chinese American” and “Japanese American” are treated as ethnicities because they have distinct languages and traditions.
In the United States, there is a great deal of pressure on ethnic minority groups to assimilate the norms, values, and characteristics of the majority ethnic group.
Race and Ethnicity in America
Different racial groups are just that– different. Even thought we often speak in terms of binaries (“minorities” verses “the majority”), it is important to realize that not all minority race and/or ethnic groups share the same characteristics, both between themselves and within themselves.
White Americans: white is a race!
Hispanic Americans
African Americans
Native Indigenous Americans
Asian Americans
Arab Americans
Multiracial
Racial and Ethnic Inequality
A commonality among those which are considered minority groups is the experience of inequality.
Inequalities are socially structured and thus can impact multiple aspects of an individual’s life– not just, for example, their ability to get a job.
Racism: the belief that the physical and cultural characteristics associated with a group of people are inferior and thus unequal treatment of the group and its members is justified.
Racism can occur at both the individual and institutional level.
7
Race Impacts Life Chances in a Multitude of Ways
The process of Maintaining Inequality
A stereotype is developed and is circulated throughout a society via cultural channels such as popular media .
Liberal Feminism Vs. Radical Feminism Essay
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Liberal Feminism vs. Radical Feminism Essay
Liberal Feminism and Radical Feminism
Collective MemoryNature of Collective MemoryMemory is
Collective Memory
Nature of Collective Memory
Memory is lodged in a number of kinds of groups.
Nature of Collective Memory
Memory is lodged in a number of groups
Memory can be a communal phenomenon (not just an individual phenomenon).
American Identity
Collective memory of an American identity is not a neutral activity.
Groups seek to position themselves in relation to one another.
Social Identity Theory—May be done by demeaning specific groups.
Museum at Little Big Horn in Montana
Decades ago, the museum at LBH initially displayed only Sioux artifacts that portrayed them as uncivilized.
Whites were memorialized as civilized and victims of the brutality of “savages.”
Now Custer is portrayed as a symbol of racism.
LBH
Changes came from decades of protests (sometimes violent) and lobbying on the part of the Sioux. Ongoing battle of LBH?
Rhea makes the point that changes that recognized minority rights came from resistance to oppression.
American Identity
There has never been change that came from a cultural drift towards pluralism.
Actions required in:
Civil Rights Movement
Women’s Movement
Changes in treatment of Latinas/Latinos
Changes enforced by law
Principles
Past is not simply there in memory, it must be articulated to become memory.
Collective Memory serves the present.
Memory is a function of messages that configure and refigure what has gone before.
Principles
One participates in a collective memory by acting in ways that support or challenge that memory.
Deborah Rudolph quote
A Look at Oklahoma City Memorial Museum
The Bomb
A Look at the Oklahoma City Memorial Museum: Places Involving Search and Rescue
Gates of Time
Reflection Pool
Field of Empty Chairs
Survivor’s Wall
Survivor Tree
Rescuer’s Orchard
Children’s Area
Fence
What is the memorial attempting to commit to memory?
Difference, Discourse, Stereotyping, and Prejudice
1. Difference is new/novel
What is Challenging About Difference?
1. Difference is new
2. New ideas challenge the status quo
What is Challenging About Difference?
1. Difference is new
2. New ideas challenge the status quo
3. Changes in SQ disrupt the social order
What is Challenging About Difference?
1. Difference is new
2. New ideas challenge the status quo
3. Changes in SQ disrupt the social order
4. Disruptions to social order challenge authority
What is Challenging About Difference?
1. Difference is new
2. New ideas challenge the status quo
3. Changes in SQ disrupt the social order
4. Disruptions to social order challenge authority
5. Challenges to authority disrupt the social hierarchy
What is Challenging About Difference?
1. Difference is new
2. New ideas challenge the status quo
3. Changes in SQ disrupt the social order
4. Disruptions to social order challenge authority
5. Challenges to authority disrupt the social hierarchy
6. This threat to hierarchy requires policing
What is Challengin ...
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