Smart tunnel

Tang Lam Yu 0324966 . Lai Eugene 0324075 . Goh Pei Jeng 0329735 . Benjamin Ng 0324541 . Yap Choe Hoong 0323161 . Melvin Tan Teng Hung 0324938
Sustainable
Storm-water
Management
BUILDING SERVICES 1

INTRODUCTION
Storm-water
Surface that in abnormal
quantity leading from
heavy falls of rain or snow
Spillover at roof tops,
parking lots, streets, yards
and etc.
Sustainable Storm-water Management

Water pollution
• Rubbish and sediment
into storm drain,
improper yard care
activities
➢ Unmanageable storm-water causes 2 issues
Flooding
▪ Water does not
infiltrate, cause
blockage of drain
➢ Traditional storm-water drainage system spillover intensify pollutant inputs direct to
streams and rivers.
➢ Manage by using Lower Impact Department (LID) & Best Management
Practices (BMPs).
INTRODUCTION

INSTALLATION PROCESS
Rain Garden
• Specially designed bed where storm water runoff from surrounding areas
or pipes.
• Provides biological treatment using soils, plants, roots, and microbes.
• It is used to stop excess water, nutrients, rubbish and sediment from
polluting other water resources.
Function:
1) lets water collect on the garden surface and soak through plants and filter
media where rubbish is trapped on the surface.
2) Nutrient are dissolved into the soil and filtered by plants to filter and
remove pollutants.

Bio – Retentioan areas
- Landscaped depressions used to treat storm-water runoff.
- It is directed to the basin and treated through various processes.
- Used to infiltrate native soil to nearby storm-water.
- Can be installed at various scale.
- In larger application, it is good to have pre-treatment measures to capture
sediment.
- The volume of runoff that can be stored depending on the size of the area.

Vegetated Swales
- Broad in size and shallow to convey and infiltrate the runoff storm-water.
- Vegetated along the bottom and sides of the channel at a height which can maximize
the volume of storm-water.
- This design is to improve water quality and reduce volume through infiltration and
velocity by increasing the length and roughness.

Dry Swales
- More shallower than bio-retention cells and covered with turf
- Soil filter system that stores and filters Treatment Volume(TV)
- Highly permeable where the runoff is treated by the soil that flows underdrain
which is treated and then runoff back further downstream.
- Dry swale are planted with turf grass, decorative trees and meadow grass
where is appear as simple grass channels.
- More applicable in urban environment.

Wet Swales
- Vegetated open channels.
- Retain water and maintain the condition for aquatic vegetation.
- Convey runoff without causing erosion.
- The runoff are temporarily stored and treated water quality volume.
- Directly within existing soils and not under laid underdrain system.
- Also rely on sedimentation, absorption and microbial breakdown.

Maintenance & Service
➢ To optimized the utilization on flood disaster and traffic flow management by :-
• Ensuring software up-to-date and keep SMART users updated about the
status of the SMART Tunnel ( Monthly )
➢ Weekly inspection on the automated flood control gates, water tight gates, on
either end of the motorway tunnel within stormwater section
➢ Check at least twice a week on the water right doors leading to SMART
equipment areas
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Website link to ease media access
“OPEN/CLOSED” to indicate SMART tunnel’s status - whether or
not the tunnel is avaialble at the moment
Through this website as
in image, you are well
informed about:
a) SMART tunnel’s
status (opened or
closed) to assist in
traffic.
b) Hotline number for
enquiries or
emergencies.
c) Safety rules to be
abided.
http://smarttunnel.com.my/smart
/what-is-smart/
ONLINE/MEDIA ACCESS
“Helpline Number” for SMART users to contact for direct assistance and ease of
convenience & other customers friendly features

Smart Unique Features Adoption of advanced M&E systems for effective dual purpose operations such as :
a) Flood detection system (FDS)
• to predict impeding storms and gives out flood warnings to the Storm-water Control Center
• to alert and enable the relevant authorities to decide when the Motorway Tunnel has to be used as a flood
tunnel
b) SCADA system
• to continuously monitor, process and control essential electrical and mechanical equipment inside the
tunnel
• to respond to any needs to enable the tunnel to operate under it’s design capability such as functions of
flood gates, road gates water tight doors, CCTV’s and etc.
SMART CRITERIA

c) Tunnel ventilation
• the axial fans are located on the surface but plays a significant role in ensuring that the pollution level are
within acceptable range
d) IP68-rated M&E equipments
• such as lighting luminaries and cables, CCTV’s linear heat detector, air quality monitoring equipment and
lane traffic indicators
• capable to withstand the dual purpose conditions which include submerging under water at a pressure of
up 2.5 bar for more than 24 hours condition.
SMART CRITERIA

SMART RONDA
VARIABLE
MESSAGE SIGN
(VMS)
MOTORWAY
CONTROL CENTER
EMERGENCY
TELEPHONES

➢ Reduce or help prevent occurrence of flash flood in urban areas.
➢ Mitigate damage to properties - prevent reconstruction work, ↑ time , ↑ cost
➢ Long term savings due to less expenses on repair work on damaged properties.
➢ Reduce environmental impact - when runoff water is uncontrolled and flows into
undesignated places
➢ Directed passage to retention system (such as SMART) may prevent erosion of soil
underneath tarmac roads and also help to protect the quality of the roads
ADVANTAGES

➢ Makes roads safer by preventing hydroplaning and vehicle submersion.
➢ Relieves traffic congestion- where there is no flood or accident caused by
hydroplaning accident
➢ Water can be held and released as desired - to regulate water table
➢ Filtration systems can be added to ensure environmental safety - can also reuse
the water for other purposes
➢ Low maintenance and dependable construction means the system will last for
many years.
ADVANTAGES

➢ Does not perform to it’s full capacity drainage towards sustainable storm-water
management is not well designed which could be a waste of money
➢ Maintenance may require excavation
➢ Microorganisms or bacteria accumulation after storing in water retention system and
dewatering may grow algae to cause roads to be slippery and dangerous if not
maintained or serviced and may cause infection.
DISADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES
➢ Cost and time consuming to construct for a huge bored-tunnel.
➢ More area must be excavated during the initial construction phase than
required for a simple surface reservoir.
➢ Underground retention systems are generally built without filtration
mechanisms – may collect impure deposits which can contain toxic materials
such as leads and etc.
➢ Needs consistent water flow to prevent waste deposit buildup.
➢ Broken pipes can cause groundwater contamination.

CASE STUDY

Owner : Government of Malaysia Malaysian Highway Authority (LLM)
Maintained by : Syarikat Mengurus Air Banjir dan Terowong Sdn Bhd (SMART).
Location : Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Length : The 13.2m diameter tunnel consists of a 9.7km stormwater bypass tunnel, with a 4km dual-deck
motorway within the stormwater tunnel.
Start : Jalan Tun Razak on Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 1.
End : Sungai Besi Airport on Kuala Lumpur-Seremban Expressway. (E37)
Primary Destination : Bukit Bintang, Imbi, Cheras, Petaling Jaya, Seremban.
Work Begun : 2003
Opened : 2007
No. of lanes : 4, Double-decked
Operating Speed : 60km/h
Construction Cost : RM1,887 million (US$514.6 million)
CASE STUDY

➢ The 9.7 km (6.0 mi) tunnel is the longest stormwater tunnel in South East Asia and
second longest in Asia.
➢ Solve the problem of flash floods in Kuala Lumpur & reduce traffic jam.
➢ Two Component : SMART TUNNEL & Motorway Tunnel . It is the longest multi-
purpose tunnel in the world.
➢ In 2011, the SMART tunnel received the UN Habitat Scroll of
Honour Award.
INTRODUCTION

1. Automated Flood Control Gates
The water tight gates are installed on either ends of the motorway tunnel. In addition, similar single flood
control steel gates are installed at both entrances and exits of the motorway tunnel. These gates are
operated using a hydraulic system.
2. Cross Passage
Cross Passage between decks at 250m intervals: the passage acts as emergency exits during an emergency.
3. Ventilation / Escape Shafts
System consists of a series of shafts each containing an exhaust and fresh air injector that enables to be
installed outside the SMART tunnel to create a longitudinal flow in the tunnel between the shafts that
permits the air in the tunnel to be continuously renewed and the extraction of the exhaust fumes. The
feature also allows for smoke control in the event of a fire.
4. Radio Re-Broadcasting Services
Audio broadcasting also can be done via cable FM, local wire networks, satellite and the Internet. With the
radio re-broadcasting services available in Smart Tunnel, user should be able to receive the radio channel,
hand phone and other maintenance communication reception without any interference.
5. Air Quality Monitoring Equipment (AQME)
There are 38 sets of AQME monitoring carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO) and
particulate.They are cited in the upper and lower decks. The ventilation system will be operated
automatically based on the air quality monitoring system outputs.
UNIQUE FEATURES

6. SCADA Monitoring & Surveillance
Smart Tunnel is equipped with more than 212 units of Closed Circuit Television and BARCO Wall is able to
show 70 CCTVs screen at one time. Automatic detection systems use video images and laser beams processing
to detect unusual events.
7. Other Emergency Equipments
Hose Reel, Fire Extinguishers, Break glass and Emergency Telephone located within each cross passage.
8. First Responder Vehicle (FRV) Custom-Built Fire Engines for SMART Highway
The First Responder Vehicles are specially designed for accessibility into SMART Highway and equipped to
perform necessary fire and rescue emergencies in the dual purpose tunnel.
9. Medical Response Vehicle (MRV) Custom-Built Ambulance for SMART Highway
MRV is a custom made vehicle which is capable in giving the first reponder services or further emergency
treatment. The advantage of the MRV is it can transport the medical team or the Emergency Medical
Specialist to the scene area. It can carry 6 person at one time including the medical equipment .
10. Alam Flora Road Sweeper
Alam Flora Road Sweeper is a vehicle which is capable of handling operations for SMART Tunnel cleanliness.
UNIQUE FEATURES

1. Limitation
-A huge project costs a lot of money and might not be economical viable. SMART tunnel is not the only
solution to the flood problem, but people would say this is a worth billion built project to relieve the situation
in a big way. The SMART tunnel is designed to handle only 45 per cent of floodwaters coming from the rivers.
2. Ineffectiveness
-SMART tunnel management's slowness in reacting to downpours leading to flash floods in the suburbs of
Kuala Lumpur.
-SMART company delay in opening the tunnels is what caused the floods.
3. Less Use
-The tunnel would be used once, or three times yearly. Spending RM1.8 billion for something which would not
be used the whole year needed re-evaluation.
4. Road Traffic
-SMART tunnel requires times to clean up thus it will be closed to public and re-open back after 48 hours of
major storm. This will cause the traffic congestion problems remains unsolved during the major stormwater
discharge by the tunnel.
PROBLEMS

5. High Maintenance Fees-
-A RM1.8 billion SMART tunnel comes with a hefty maintenance fees which costing RM20 million per year.
6. Accident
-An average of five accidents occur in the tunnel monthly and most are caused by drunk drivers travelling at
night on weekends. In SMART tunnel, there are no speed trap cameras and police cannot put up roadblocks to
avoid accident happened.
7. Bumpy Road
-The bumpy road in SMART tunnel may be a minor nuisance to all drivers that would cause minor damage to
cars and even result in a car accident.
8. Safety Check
-A typical tunnel or SMART tunnel has to go through the safety check due to it confined structural nature when
accident happens.
9. Blind Corner
-Ultimately, the exit of tunnel is concealed behind the blind corner hence this problem would possibly cause the
drivers to stop suddenly in the middle of the road because they have no idea which road to exit.
PROBLEMS

RECOMMENDATION
1. Limitation
- SMART tunnel does not have sufficient capacity to retain large
volume of flood water
- Use the project “Metropolitan Area Outer Underground
Discharge Channel”, by the concept of discharging water
outwards, additional pumps to pump out the water.
2. Ineffectiveness
- SMART tunnel encounters delay in opening water tunnels for the
inlet of water which flood begin.
- First, strict action need to be taken such as hire new effective
management team
- Second, upgrade equipments and operating devices such as
install more CCTVs, especially unseen areas to monitor water
level.
- Flood detection system upgrade to increase the sensitivity of
the system

RECOMMENDATION
3. Accident
- Road accidents occurred in SMART tunnel such as drunk drivers,
careless drivers and etc.
- Put waterproof speed trap cameras in the SMART tunnel
4. Bump Road
- Road users complained about bump road in SMART tunnel
because minor damage to cars
- Special rough road surface and yellow transverse bars painted
across the road, slow down speed limit sign placed along the
road.
5. Blind Corner
- First, exit is concealed behind blind corner, hence this
would cause drivers stop suddenly because not sure which
exit
- Put more sign
- Second, accidents happen at blind sports
- Blind spots can be prevented by adding convex mirrors for
broader vision.

THANK YOU

Smart tunnel

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