The document presents a project to develop a robot that can smartly measure soil moisture levels using embedded programming. The robot contains a microcontroller, voltage regulator, soil sensor, LCD display, and other components. It interfaces the soil parameter of moisture with the microcontroller, which can then automatically display the moisture levels of the land/soil to help farmers. The microcontroller is an ATmega16 that generates the required logic and has features like RAM, ROM, I/O ports that make it suitable for this application. A 7805 voltage regulator and soil moisture sensor are also included to regulate power supply and measure resistance between electrodes depending on water content.

1. Presentation
on
Smart Measurement of soil
by Robot
GUIDED BY SUBMITTED BY
Mr. Somesh Chaturvedi Deepak soni(k10709)
(Assist. Prof. EE dept.) Hariom gujar(k11350)
Mohit Navriya(k10778)

2.  In this project we interface the soil parameter
like moisture, with embedded programming.
By this robot we can easily measure the
presence of water or moisture in the soil of
the agriculture land.This robot is very useful
for farmers, because it will automatically
display the moisture of the land/soil.

3.  Micro-controller Atmega16
 7805Voltage regulator
 Soil sensor
 LCD display
 Relay
 chess
 LED
 Resister, capacitor, transistor, diode

4.  This microcontroller is used to generate all the
required logic for this circuit.
 ATmega16 is an 8-bit high performance
microcontroller of Atmel’s Mega family with low
power consumption. Atmega16 is based on
enhanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set
Computing, Know more about architecture with
131 powerful instructions. Most of the
instructions execute in one machine cycle.
Atmega16 can work on a maximum frequency of
16MHz.

5.  ATmega16 has 16 KB programmable flash memory, static
RAM of 1 KB and EEPROM of 512 Bytes.The endurance cycle
of flash memory and EEPROM is 10,000 and 100,000,
respectively.
 ATmega16 is a 40 pin microcontroller.There are 32 I/O
(input/output) lines which are divided into four 8-bit ports
designated as PORTA, PORTB, PORTC and PORTD.

 ATmega16 has various in-built peripherals like USART, ADC,
Analog Comparator, SPI, JTAG etc. Each I/O pin has an
alternative task related to in-built peripherals.The following
table shows the pin description ofATmega16.

7.  7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is
a member of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage
regulator ICs.The voltage source in a circuit may
have fluctuations and would not give the fixed
voltage output.The voltage regulator IC maintains
the output voltage at a constant value.The xx in
78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is
designed to provide. 7805 provides +5V regulated
power supply. Capacitors of suitable values can be
connected at input and output pins depending
upon the respective voltage levels.

9.  Soil moisture sensor it is a resistive sensor. It’s
made of two exposed electrodes and uses the
fact that more water contents, the lower the
resistance b/w the two electrodes. the
resistance can be measured by simple voltage
divider and a analog pin.