This document discusses smart materials. It provides an introduction defining smart materials as materials that can significantly change their properties in response to external stimuli. It then lists four students and their subject and guidance for a project on material science. The document proceeds to describe various types of smart materials including piezoelectric, electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, rheological, shape memory alloys, temperature-responsive polymers and self-healing materials. It provides examples and applications of each. In conclusion, it emphasizes that understanding material composition and microstructure is crucial for developing new smart materials to enhance life.

1. SMART MATERIALS
VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SR
NO.
NAME GR NO. ROLL NO.
1. Divij S Pharkute 11920060 54
2. Onkar V Kotmire 11920070 55
3. Kshitija S Kumbharkar 11920075 56
4. Neha U Deshpande 11920077 57
SUBJECT- MATERIAL SCIENCE
GUIDANCE - PROF. ASHISH MUJUMDAR

2. INTRODUCTION:-
⚫Smart materials , also called as responsive materials that are
the materials that can significantly alter one or more of their
inherent properties owing to the application of an external
stimuli in a controlled fashion.
⚫The basic energy forms that gets interchanged are: thermal
energy , electric energy , magnetic energy , sound energy, and
mechanical energy.
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3. LITERATURE SURVEY:-
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SR.
NO.
INVENTIONS YEAR
1. First recorded observation of smart material
transformations was made on gold cadmium
1932
2. The phase transformation was observed in brass,(Zinc,
Copper)
1938
3. The transformation and attendant shape memory effect in
nickel-titanium at the naval ordinance lab
1962

4. TYPES OF SMART MATERIALS:-
⚫Piezoelectric
⚫Electrostrictive
⚫Magnetostrictive
⚫Rheological materials
⚫Shape memory alloys
⚫Temperature-responsive polymers
⚫Self healing materials
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5. PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS:-
⚫These are materials that produce voltage when stress is applied.
⚫When subjected to an electric charge or a variation in voltage,
piezoelectric material will undergo some mechanical change ,
and vice versa. These events are called the direct and converse
effect.
⚫Examples – quarts , topaz, rochell salt .
⚫PZT(lead zirconate titanate) is a crystalline material that
contains lead, zirconium and titanium, and is the best
piezoelectric material known
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7. APPLICATIONS:-
⚫ Microphones.
⚫ Accelerometers.
⚫ Gas igniters.
⚫ Vibration sensors.

8. ELECTROSTRICTIVE MATERIALS:-
⚫When dielectric materials are subjected to an electric field it
experiences a strain proportional to the strength of electric
field.
⚫This characteristics will always produce displacements in the
same direction.
⚫Examples – lead lanthanum, zirconate titanate ,lead
magnesium niobate
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The surface has been scratched by a metallic tool.

10. APPLICATIONS:-
⚫ Actuation purpose in airplanes and helicopters.

11. MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS:-
⚫When subjected to a magnetic field , and the vice versa ,
this material will undergo an induced mechanical strain
⚫Magnetostrictive materials are a class of
smart materials that can convert energy between the
magnetic and elastic states. For this
reason, magnetostrictive materials and devices based on
these materials are often referred to as transducers.
⚫Examples –cobalt ,terfenol –d
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13. APPLICATIONS:-
⚫ Electro-Hydraulic Actuator, Wireless Linear Micro-Motor,
Magnetostrictive Film Applications, Magnetostrictive
Contactless Torque Sensors and many other applications.

14. RHEOLOGICAL MATERIALS:-
⚫These are in liquid phase which can change state instantly
through the application of an electric or magnetic charge.
⚫ these fluids may include applications in brakes ,shock
absorbers and dampers for vehicle seats
⚫Examples - Magneto materials rheological(MR),
⚫Electro rheological (ER)
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17. SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS:-
⚫A shape-memory alloy is an alloy that can be deformed
when cold but returns to its pre-deformed shape when
heated.
⚫ It may also be called memory metal, memory alloy, smart
metal, smart alloy, or muscle wire.
⚫The two most prevalent shape-memory alloys are copper-
aluminium-nickel and nickel-titanium (NiTi), but SMAs
can also be created by alloying zinc, copper, gold and
iron.
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20. TEMPERATURE-RESPONSIVE POLYMERS:-
⚫Temperature-responsive polymers or
thermoresponsive polymers are polymers that exhibit
a drastic and discontinuous change of their physical
properties with temperature. The term is commonly
used when the property concerned is solubility in a
given solvent, but it may also be used when other
properties are affected.
⚫Example : polyethylene oxide
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22. APPLICATION:-
⚫ Biosepration.
⚫ Tissue Engineering.

23. SELF HEALING MATERIALS:-
⚫Self-healing materials are artificial or synthetically-
created substances which have the built-in ability to
automatically repair damages to themselves without
any external diagnosis of the problem or human
intervention.
⚫Example ; self healing wolverine cloth
⚫They are mainly used for space applications.
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3D measurement of self-healing material
The surface has been scratched by a metallic tool.

25. Merits Demerits
⚫Bio-compatibility More Expensive
⚫Simplicity Low energy efficient
⚫Compactness Complex control
⚫Safety mechanism Limited bandwidth
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26. Applications:-
⚫Acts simultaneously as actuators and sensors .
⚫Performs controlled mechanical action without any
external mechanism
⚫Are adaptive with environmental condition .
⚫New function development.
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27. MODERN EXAMPLE OF SMART
MATERIALS:-
⚫Polymorph : this is a unique polymer that fuses in hot
water and then it can be moulded in any form.when
solid it has similar properties to nylon .
⚫Phosphorescent sheet: this is a sheet that absorbs
light energy and re emits it as white light upto 8 hours
.used in emergency in event of power unavailability .
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28. ⚫Thermocolor sheet : this is a self adhesive sheet whose
colour changes according to the temp.Used for
thermometers , heat warning patches.
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29. ⚫Rigid pvc foam plastic this is a new generations of sheet
materials used widely for signs and Exhibition.
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30. CONCLUSION:-
⚫Today the most promising technologies for lifetime
efficiency and improved reliability include the use of
smart materials and structures understanding and
controlling the composition and microstructure of any new
materials are the ultimate objectives of research in this
field , and is crucial to the production of god smart
material
⚫New and advanced material will definitely enhance our
quality of our life.
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31. VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
“The science of today is the
technology of tomorrow”.