The document analyzes poverty and marginalization in Ludhiana, India. It aims to 1) understand key issues of poverty through field research, 2) develop a strategic approach to addressing poverty, and 3) recommend a strategy and action plan to strengthen institutions to reduce poverty and improve quality of life. It finds that the poor primarily live in slums, unauthorized colonies, and old city areas. There are different types of slums that require tailored strategies. The poorest live in high-risk land areas. A large number of poor migrants live in rental rooms called "vehdas" that have poor sanitation and overcrowding. The analysis recommends regular inspections of vehdas and incentives for improvement.

1. Integration of the poor and
marginalised in Ludhiana
Analysis, Strategy, Action Plan

2. Purpose of this work
1. To develop a field-based understanding of key issues of poverty and
marginalisation in Ludhiana
2. To develop a strategic approach to addressing poverty and marginalisation
within a city-wide framework
3. To recommend a strategy and action plan to strengthen Ludhiana Municipal
Corporation to emerge as the central institution for poverty reduction and
improvement of quality of life of the poor and marginalised.
4. To focus on improving access to land, housing and infrastructure

3. Context 1: Three inter-related dimensions of poverty

4. Prosperity
Poverty &
Informality
Pollution
Context 2: 3 Inter-related P’s of Ludhiana

5. Context 3: Ludhiana Municipal Corporation:
it’s role in integrating the poor and marginalised
through planning, poverty reduction and slum improvement

6. 1.
Understanding key issues
of poverty and marginalisation
in Ludhiana
Where do the poor live? Which are the most vulnerable areas? What are the dimensions of poverty and vulnerability?
What are the institutional responses?

7. Slums
 No. of notified slums: 209
Population: 3. 92 lakh (22.5% of city)
Households: 59,165
 Newly identified outside MCL boundary: 5
slums
Other underserved areas:
 Old city
 Village abadis in city and peri-urban area
 Unauthorised colonies:
280 in MCL area
845 in GLADA area
Highly deficient pockets:
 Vehdas in & outside slums in city & peri-
urban area:
Estimated no. 850
Estimated population: 200,000 renters
 Pockets in old city
Public housing (EWS, LIG)
 About 5,000
Where do the poor live in Ludhiana?
Issue 1: Scale….52% city unplanned; overwhelming majority of poor in slums, underserved areas

8. Issue 2: Notified slums are of 3 different and distinct types
1. Slum colonies
2. Squatter settlements
3. Also some old villages within MCL boundaries
Characterised by differences in :
• Socio-economic profile
• Location
• Layout
• Land ownership and tenure
• Housing and infrastructure
• Non-residential activities
Different improvement
strategies required for
each type

9. Slum type: Slum Colonies (173 nos., 50,000 hhs., 84% slum pop.)
• Land subdivisions with regular streets, similar to unauthorised colonies
• Clustered around villages, near city periphery, low lying areas
• Self-owned plots with secure tenure (freehold/GPA/ village abadi), house tax paid
• Poor quality pucca houses, 1-2 storeys, incrementally built, self-financed, single and multi-
family (for renting)
• Infrastructure:13 fully upgraded, 73 with 100% water supply; 65 with 100% sewer
connections; some with very rudimentary services, others partially developed,
• Severe shortage of public land for social infra: schools, open spaces, health facilities
• Occupied by low income families, industrial workers, formal and informal industry,
service and commerce jobs, self-employed; large no. of renters
• Presence of shops, workshops, small and micro industries, extensive home-based piece-rate
garment industry, dairies, waste recycling in vacant plots and streets, private schools, clinics
• Easy to retrofit network infrastructure
on regular layout
• Plot ownership potential for housing
and employment loan
• Settlement is productive space
• Narrow streets
• No public space for social infra
• Poor quality, unsafe construction
• Presence of hazardous economic activities
• Inadequate water, sanitation
• Flooding
• Plot ownership can be problematic (eg Shamlat)
Base for
future actionMajority of Slum dwellers
Have paid for land and housing

10. Slum type: Squatter settlements (36 nos., 9,700 hhs, 16% slum pop)
BPL and low income group, industrial labour, formal and informal industry, service and commerce jobs, women in
home based piece work and domestic workers, hawkers, vendors
Clustered around industries, in non-buildable areas along Buddha Nala, railway, highway, in left over pockets in
colonies and industrial and commercial areas
Organic layout, irregular street pattern, streets 1.0 to 2.0 meters wide
Public land ownership, occupied by settlers, secure tenure except for a few demolitions by LIT, 4832 for relocation
to BSUP housing
Mostly single storeyed kutcha and semi-pucca, some 2-storeyed in older settlements, incrementally built, self-
financed housing, varying sizes from small hut to large living and work area
Very basic services, community taps, tanker supply of drinking water, open defecation, sewage discharge from
latrines into water bodies, poor sanitation.
Waste recycling (garment industry, garbage, metal scrap etc.), small shops, workshops along public roads, home-
based piece-rate garment industry, cattle rearing, parking rehris.
• Difficult to retrofit services
• Difficult to improve houses
• Land not suitable for habitation / required for
other uses
• Tenability analysis for relocation/ insitu
redevelopment
• Excellent access to income
opportunities & city infra
• Settlement as productive space

11. Slum type: Villages in city
• Traditional village layout with narrow winding lanes
• Surrounded by urban uses
• Traditional land rights of village abadi, transferred sometimes on GPA
• Mixed housing and population, vehdas and other rental accommodation
• High density, unsafe structures, buildings of heritage, religious, cultural
importance
• Infrastructure: Lanes paved, water supply, partially developed, badly
maintained
• Severe shortage of public land for social infra: schools, open spaces, health
facilities
• Presence of shops, workshops, medium, small and micro industries,
polluting industries, private schools, clinics
• Upgrade and maintain infrastructure
• Incentives for following building
regulations
• Remove polluting industry
• Develop heritage areas

12. Issue 3: The poorest live in risk- prone land settings
Location No Hhs.
Buddha nala and canal 6 1060
Under high tension wire 10 1130
MCL land fill site 2 450
Relocate to safer places nearby : livelihood is critical

13. Issue 4: Peri-urban area developing informally
Unauthorised Colony with vehda
Slum
5 peri-urban slums identified in CURE survey
845 unauthorised colonies in GLADA area
Today’s peri-urban
tomorrow’s city

14. Issue 5: There is a huge supply of cheap rental accommodation
Vehdas
• Rented rooms, common tap, toilet, courtyard for migrant
workers/ families
• Rent Rs 500 t0 1500 by occupier/contractor to owner
• Scattered all over city, especially near industries
Old city mohallas
• Rented rooms/ portions in old unmaintained (dangerous) rent
control buildings occupied by poor Punjabis
• Shared courtyard, toilet, very low rents
• Building owners try to evict tenants and rebuild
Slum and unauthorised colonies
• Additions floors/ rooms constructed for rent
• Vehdas constructed on vacant plot, till it is sold or built for
occupation by owner. Earns income and protects plot from
encroachment
Rental
accommodation
with basic services
needed
Low rent
Market supply matches demand
Migrants do not want to invest in
property: mobility as a survival strategy
Poor housing condition
Highly deficient infra
Health problems

15. No. of Vehdas about 850
Estimated
population
1,75,000 to 2,25,000 tenants
Land ownership Private land owner working at times through agent , in touch with labour contractors
Rent Monthly rent per room 1000 to 2500 depending on condition. Rent shared between
occupants
Housing Rented rooms av. size 10-12 sq m around narrow courtyard with municipal water supply
and sewerage, common tap, latrine, sometimes bathroom.
Constructed without building permission, pay self-assessed tax
Issues Over-crowding, families or number of single men/ room,
Poor quality inadequate services,waterlogging in rainy season, frequent cases of water
contamination leading to disconnection by MCL
Occupied by ndustrial workers, informal sector workers, not recognised as slums
Vehdas as a rental housing sub-system for migrant workers
Under cl. 291-295 of MC Act:
Regular inspection
Penalisation of property owner for
insanitary conditions
Notice for rectification
Give incentives for improvement
of premises
Encouragement to apply for
building permission
Special building byelaws to be
framed
Cheap housing solution
for migrants
but
Health hazard for occupants
and surrounding population

16. Sherpur (near Focal Point)
Vehdas are part of a socio-cultural and
economic sub-system of migrant workers

17. Who are the poor in Ludhiana?
The ratio of urban poverty has declined but the number of
urban poor has remained on higher side.
Sharp inequality in terms of per capita income, access to
housing, education and employment is affecting the social
fabric of the city. (Master Plan for Ludhiana)
Not counted as poor in Ludhiana
Ghansham, 35 yrs old, came to Ludhiana
from Balia UP 10 years ago. He drives a rehri
and lives in a vehda in Sherpur. He pays
Rs 800/month as rent for a room he shares
with 2 others. There is one toilet for 36 people
and a tap for bathing, washing, cooking. He earns
6000 to 8000 per month. Keeps Rs 2500 for his
expenses and sends the rest to the
village for his family. (Interview)
The concerns
A POVERT-
VULNERABILITY
framework can
help understand
poverty as it is
experienced
Faces of poverty in Ludhiana
10,000 working children 2398 homeless

18. Multiple vulnerabilities of migrant labour
Income &
employment
Housing,
health,
sanitation
Human
Development
Social
inclusion
• Child labour
• Women construction labour
• Informal employment, irregular
income
• Rickshaw pullers
• Hazardous occupations
• Remittances to village
• Homeless
• Overcrowding in vehdas,
• Inadequate toilets, water contamination
• Living on dump sites
• Diarrhoea, skin & respiratory disease
• Women, child malnutrition
• Illiterate women
• Poor education levels
• Children out of school
• Lack of knowledge & awareness
• Lack of social acceptance
• No ration cards, voter ID etc.
Issue : Programmes, facilities, legislation exist.
Implemented in stand alone way or not at all
Do not match scale of problem
333,000 migrants in
industry,
construction
(2006-07)

19. What are the policies, programmes, institutional roles
for
integration of poor and marginalised in Ludhiana?

20. Programme/ Scheme &
period of implementation
Components implemented Implementation arrangements / status Cost and
funding source
Urban basic services for the
Poor (UBSP)
1995-1997
Community organization; savings and credit; income and employment for
women, linkages with nutrition, health care and education facilities;
improvement of water and sanitation facilities in slums using participatory
approach
Assistant MCL Commissioner in charge; 1 Asstt
Project Officer and 3 community organisers
recruited on contract
75%GoI,
25% GoP
Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rojgar
Yojna (SJSRY) (1997 – 2013)
Community organization, savings and credit, income and employment
training for women, covering all 183 slums
Slum and urban poor survey in 2007
Executive Engineer in charge under Assistant
Commissioner
UBSP staff discontinued in 2002
NGOs for vocational training
75%GoI,
25% GoP
National Slum Development
Programme (NSDP)
(2001-2004)
Phased program developed for 211 identified slums.
Physical infrastructure improvement: (water, roads, drains, street lights,
latrines, solid waste collection) in 57 phase-1 slums based on community
demand
MCL with technical assistance from Indo-USAID
FIRE-D project, using participatory approach and
involvement of NGOs
75%GOI
(Rs.1.8 crore)
25% GOAP
Basic Services for the Urban
Poor (BSUP) component of
JNNURM
(2005-2014)
Construction of 4832 houses with services in 4-storey blocks in 3 locations
to relocate households from 5 slums on MCL and railway land
Executive Engineer in charge under Addl.
Commissioner
Implementation support by JNNURM PMU
Bank linkage for loan for beneficiary share
Approved cost Rs 66.64
crore (GoI- 50%, GoP- 20%,
MCL- 20%; beneficiary –
10%)
Actual cost Rs 113.54
crores
Night shelters for homeless
(2010-11)
3 night shelters with total capacity of 60 in MCL buildings. Bedding, drinking
water and toilet facilities by MCL; food by voluntary agencies.
Town planning department in charge under Addl
Commissioner
Cleaning and maintenance by MCL cleaners part
time
To comply with Supreme
Court order of 20/01/2010
for JNNURM cities
Rajiv Awas Yojana
(2013 -)
Slum Free City Plan of Action (SFCPoA) under preparation Executive Engineer in charge under Addl.
Commissioner
Preparation of SFCPoA outsourced to CURE
National Urban Livelihoods
Mission (NULM) (2014-)
Socio-economic survey carried out in 2011, report to be finalized
Town Vending Committee formed
Executive Engineer in charge under Additional
Commissioner
Overview of Slum Improvement and Poverty Alleviation Programmes implemented by MCL

21. MCL role ‘projectised’ to specific schemes
• Good quality infrastructure and housing built
But…
• Ad hoc institutional arrangements for implementation
• Involvement of ‘beneficiaries’ ends with scheme/project
• Poor operation and maintenance of infrastructure created
• Scale of interventions too small in relation to requirement
• Supporting structure at state level weak
• Lack of proper institutional mechanisms is the main reason for poor implementation of UPA programmes.
• Successful states like Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Gujarat have developed institutional mechanism
• Key features of successful institutional arrangements are 1) the ability to build up and work with community based organisations
of the poor, 2) follow inter-disciplinary working methods, 3)form partnerships with government, private and non-government
organisations and 4)coordinate the activities of different institutions. Annual Report 2011 of HUPA , GoI
administrative reforms are
essential for a robust
institutional arrangement
for poverty reduction

22. Functions/activities Observations
Property tax collection (all owners except BPL ) Most slum dwellers, unauthorized colony households and vehda owners are eager
to pay tax
Issue of licenses to hawkers, vendors, rickshaws and
non-motorised goods vehicles and collection of
annual license fee
Shortage of staff, huge backlog, unlicensed trade and transport, police harassment
and confiscation of goods and vehicles by MCL
Water and sewerage connections and collection of
charges
Individual connections on payment. Condition of building completion certificate
disregarded
Building permissions No building permission taken in slums, vehdas and unauthorized colonies
Regularisation of unauthorized colonies Reluctance to pay development charges
Demolition of unsafe buildings In old city requests from owners, mostly wanting to evict low paying tenants
Discontinuation of water supply if contaminated Frequent occurrence in vehdas
Street sweeping Not carried out in slums
Solid waste management Outsourced to private company for entire city, no collection inside slums and
unauthorized colonies
Maintenance of public parks No public parks in slums and informal settlements; encroachment on some city
parks removed from time to time
Preventive health care and health education Focused on poor areas mainly for management of diarrhea and prevention of
malaria
Dispensaries and chest clinic with referral services Facilities availed by surrounding poor
Construction and maintenance of public toilets in
slums and other places
Outsourced to Sulabh International
Impounding stray cattle Many slums have cows and buffaloes which are allowed on to streets
Birth and death registration certificates Poor awareness among migrant labour
Functions of MCL having a direct bearing on slums and the poor

23. Organisation/
Department
Responsibility/ Activities/ Schemes
City level agencies
1 LIT Objective to achieve planned, growth & development. Implemented 33 Town Planning
Schemes covering an area of 2850 acres approximately. 226 EWS and 168 LIG flats
constructed for industrial workers
2 GLADA Planned development outside MCL limits, permits to private colonisers, land
acquisition and development, regularisation of unauthorised colonies (845
applications), housing schemes (319 LIG/EWS units constructed); reservation for sites
for EWS in mega projects and approved colonies (73.98 Hectares available)
3 NGOs 24 NGOs listed in the GoP NGO Directory; 70% involved in health and family welfare of
poor communities; 20% in education and vocational training and remaining in
charitable works.
4 MP/MLA/
Corporation
Councilor
Rs 5.0 crores / Rs 3.0 Crores /Rs 40 lakhs per year for local area development spent
mostly in improving roads, water supply, community hall etc.

24. 1 Education Office
(Elementary)
1) Mid-day meal scheme in primary and upper primary schools: 1,42,000 children benefit in District
2) Sarva Siksha Abhiyan: improvement of govt. schools; support to poor children (scholarships, free books); survey of out of school
children, special training centres and shift schools for them, special facilities for differently abled children. Reduction in out of
school children from 9592 in 2008 to 3349 in 2012
2 Health
Department
Running of government hospitals and dispensaries, controlling food quality in eating places
National programmes: Family welfare, immunization, malaria eradication, control of blindness, school health, T.B., leprosy control, anemia
control, Janani Surksha Yojna , AIDS Control, NUHM
State programmes: female foeticide control, Balri Surksha Yojna, JSSK, Mukh Mantri Cancer Control awareness programme
3 Employment
Exchange
1) Registration and placement of unemployed persons: 18487 registered unemployed on 31/03/2012 (of these 33% women; 50% below
metric pass); 30% placements achieved Unemployment allowance to registered candidates Career guidance in education institutions
4 Election Office Issue of photo identity cards to eligible voters (73% issued)
5 Punjab Police,
Ludhiana
Maintaining law and order. Specific initiatives: registration of migrant labour to trace crime, Crime against Women and Children, Preventive Cell set up
in 2001, Community Police Resource Centre
6 Town Planning
Office
Preparation of Master Plan (inclusion of poor in planning), technical advice on planning to departments, MCL, GLADA, LIT, sanction of building plans
outside MCL limits.
7 Social Security
Office
1) National schemes for BPL: old age pension, widow pension, family benefit scheme
2) Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS): Supplementary Nutrition, Pre-school Education, Immunization, Health-check up, Health
and Nutrition Education, Referral services to children in 0-6 years age group, pregnant women & lactating mothers. 327 Anganwadi Centres
running in slums with about 9,000 children.
3) 8Construction and running of homes for destitute women and children, remand homes, vocational training centre for disabled
4) Grants in aid to voluntary agencies to conduct vocational training for BPL
8 Labour Department Enforcement of labour law, maintenance of industrial peace, ensure safety, health and welfare of workers
National Child labour Programme: 40 schools run by NGOs, 2055 child labour identified in survey in 2001
9 Department of Food
Civil Supplies and
Consumer Affairs
Public Distribution System and fair price shops
Issue of Ration Cards (7.91 lakh ration card-holders in 2010)
10 Department of
Welfare of SC & BC
All matters connected with the welfare, employment, socio-economic uplift and all measures and schemes designed for the promotion and
development of Scheduled Castes, Backward Classes and Vimukat Jatis.
11 Punjab State Power
Corporation
Electricity connections
12 PWSSB Construction of water supply and sewerage projects of MCL.
13 District Collector
Office
Administration of government lands, property registration, land tenure matters, disaster relief, maintaining law and order
District/Stateorganisations

25. Fragmented institutional working
• There are a large number of programmes and activities of MCL, other city and district level
organisations a number of facilities for health, education etc. which are availed by poor citizens
survey
• A number of committed and dedicated staff, but poor facilities, lack of funds and uncertainty of
disbursal, staff shortages
• The recent survey for SFCPoA shows very poor awareness among slum dwellers of these
programmes
• There are committees and coordination mechanisms at district level but not at city level.
• In practice activities are implemented independently of each other with little or no co-ordination or
geographical convergence in the city. District level data is available but city-level data is problematic
• Apart from a few, impact is restricted because of small scale

26. 2.
Strategic Approach to integrating
the poor and marginalised
in Ludhiana

27. Three pronged strategy for integration of the poor and marginalised
Pro-poor
institutional
mechanisms
Social
inclusion
Access to
land, housing
infrastructure
• Multi-stakeholder approach led by
MCL
• MCL as the key institution for poverty
reduction
• Provision of good quality
infrastructure, social and
livelihood facilities and finance
for shelter improvement in
slum colonies and
unauthorised colonies
• Rehabilitation/relocation of
slum households on
untenable or high value land
with land-based funding
• Improvement and construction
of rental housing for migrant
workers
• Dormitories for homeless
• Affordable housing through
PPP for low income families
• Delineating and developing
hawkers zones as per NULM
guidelines
• Participation of poor communities
• Promotion of entitlements,
citizenship rights (Adhar, BPL card,
ration card, voters ID)

28. Pro-poor institutional mechanisms

29. Multi-stakeholder approach led by MCL
Coordinate with government departments
(health, education, social, labour, DC Office
etc.)
Partner with NGOs/religious
organisations/pravasi mazdoor sangathan etc
Integrate NGO activity in slums
Involve private sector for housing & service
delivery
Prepare ‘menu’ of needs for Corporate sector
investment
Work with RWAs, vendors association,
community based organisations for local
development
MCL

30. Action Plan for empowering MCL as the key institution
for poverty reduction
1. Set up Ad-hoc Committee on Poverty Reduction in MCL House
2. Activate Wards Committees for poverty issues in their areas
3. Set up a Community Development Department in MCL
4. Initiate a “poverty alleviation” budget
5. Monitor earmarked funds for poor
6. Create a ‘poverty reduction’ fund for citizens contributions
7. Create a shortlist of local professionals willing to work with MCL for poverty
reduction (teachers, architects, engineers, bankers etc.)

31. Action: Set up Community Development Department
headed by Addl. Commissioner, MCL
Stage 1
Set up City Mission Management Unit with funding
support from NULM
• 4 professionals with skills in livelihoods, social
development, programme management
• 1 Community Organiser/3000 poor families based
in Zonal offices, working with field staff of other
departments
Stage 2
After 5 years put in place Municipal Cadre
for sustained implementation of poverty alleviation
programmes through community development and
coordination with other organisations
Mission
Inclusion of the poor and marginalised in the city through:
Participation, social inclusion, access to entitlements and
opportunities for improving conditions of living and livelihood
Tasks
• Implementation of programmes: NULM, RAY,
• Community development
• Information and communication
• Partnerships with NGOs and private sector
• Coordination with MCL other departments and financial
institutions
• Providing expert advice on poverty reduction and livelihoods
• Creating a dynamic information base on poverty, starting with
SFCPoA survey and mapping

32. • Allows multi-disciplinary working at field
level
• Allows decentralised working and
decision making
• Makes MCL more accessible to public
• Can support activation of Wards
Committees on poverty issues
Zonal structure is an advantage for slum improvement and poverty reduction
MCL Zones & slums

33. Access to land, housing, infrastructure

34. Action Plan: Provision of good quality infrastructure, social and livelihood facilities and finance
for shelter improvement in slum colonies and unauthorised colonies
Infrastructure Area wide approach:
• Identify underserved areas in agglomerations of slum and unauthorised colonies for water,
drainage and sanitation
• Include in city networks in phases, share facilities like OHTs.
• Provide short term interim solutions to high priority settlements
• Factor in home/ settlement based economic activities
• Plan and carry out area-wide flood control and drainage
• Negotiate widening of important roads based on a plan similar to GoP guidelines for
unauthorised colonies
Social & livelihood
facilities
Preferably for a group of colonies:
• Negotiate with village panchayat for use of shamlat land for facilities
• Identify available land for use/acquisition in/ near/ between settlements for provision of
schools, heath centres, recreation facilities etc.
• In areas with unbuilt or partially built plots encourage reblocking/ reconstitution of plots to
provide land
Finance and technical
advice for shelter
improvement and
planning
• Facilitate loans from finance institutions for individual houses
• Encourage clubbing together of plots for 2-3 storey housing with space for economic activities
• Provide technical advise for construction
• Check tenure status for eligibility (shamlat, GPA, village abadi)
Denotification • Denotify and remove from slum list after improvement

35. SLUM
UNAUTHORISED COLONYRELOCATION
SLUM

36. Rehabilitation/relocation of slum households on untenable or high
value public land
Slums in risk areas Relocation to safer places MCL/ government land near livelihoods
If required, acquire land
Slums on high value land PPP for land and housing development in situ using land as a resource for funding
housing for slum dwellers
High density housing as part of OUVGL or use some of the resources generated
from OUVGL projects for housing poor.
Other slums Infrastructure improvement, land tenure, shelter improvement loans or
Re-blocking and rebuilding in-situ with housing loans

37. Improvement and construction of rental housing for migrant workers,
Shelters for homeless
Improvement of Vehdas Under cl. 291-295 of MC Act:
Regular inspection
Penalisation of property owner for insanitary conditions
Notice for rectification
Give incentives for improvement of premises
Encouragement to apply for building permission
New rental housing for migrants Construction and management of dormitories and hostels for single
migrants and EWS flats for families through PPP on plots reserved for EWS
in GLADA approved projects
Shelters for homeless As per NULM guidelines using available space near markets, transport
terminals
Consider separate facility for drug addicts under GoP rehab scheme
Building bye-laws Frame special building byelaws for rental housing

38. Housing for low income groups • For developing new housing stock by private sector in peri-urban areas under
GLADA
• For households with income between Rs 8,000 and 20,000
• According to scheme guidelines of GoI and policy of GoP
Land • Private land with project approval by GLADA
• PPP mode in partnership with GLADA on GLADA land (land reservation for EWS,
in land pooling scheme)
In slum colony or unauthorised
colony
• Vacant plots can be combined by developer/ plot owners to build affordable
housing

39. Essential supporting State-level actions
1. Give priority to planned urban development
• Carry out Institutional Audit to deal with institutional fragmentation, overlapping responsibilities
• Strengthen urban institutions
2. Give priority to urban poverty reduction
• Develop SUDA on mission mode for poverty alleviation
• Put in place municipal cadre for poverty reduction, access to housing and infrastructure for poor
• Review and revise planning and building regulations to include land subdivision and housing for poor
• Include provision for denotification in Slum Act

40. Thank you