TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION - Analyse the diffusion of innovation of Smartphone technology in Sri Lankan context using Geoffrey A Moore’s model and case study of hSenid Software International adoption to Cloud Computing. - Hansa Edirisinghe
This assignment in its task one attempts to analyze the diffusion of innovation of Smartphone technology using Geoffrey A Moore’s model contributed to Technology Adoption Life Cycle and under the Task two, a leading Human Resource solution provider hSenid Software International has been selected to analyze their adaption to Cloud Computing. - by Hansa Edirisinghe
Lecture 5 - Technology diffusion and technology transferUNU.MERIT
This document summarizes key concepts around technology diffusion and transfer. It discusses how diffusion involves the adoption of innovations over time, often following an S-shaped curve, as more actors accumulate knowledge through interaction. Theories of diffusion include epidemic models, where adoption spreads as information is shared, and equilibrium models, where gradual diffusion occurs as firms rationally weigh costs and benefits. Empirical studies have found factors like profitability, firm size, and access to credit influence a technology's rate of adoption.
This white paper, written by Pollen Strategy, describes the process by which innovations are diffused, and explains how businesses can maximise the market penetration of their innovations.
The document discusses the technological environment and the impact of technology. It defines technology and classifies it into different categories. It then describes the five stages of the technology cycle - awareness, acquisition, adaptation, advancement, and abandonment. Next, it discusses the impact of technology in three areas: social implications, economic implications, and plant-level changes. Some key impacts mentioned are increased productivity, need for R&D spending, jobs becoming more intellectual, and changes to organization structure.
Chapter 3 types and patterns of innovationMuhammad Anang
The path a technology follows through time is termed its technology trajectory. Technology trajectories are most often used to represent the technology’s rate of performance improvement or its rate of adoption in the marketplace.
hi frndzz..This presentation is all abt impact of technology in business environment....
(Note : Dont go with text desription bcz some of the ppt r in .jpeg(pic) format)
Honda had a record of developing environmentally-friendly vehicles and manufacturing processes. It introduced its first hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) in Japan in 1997. HEVs increase fuel efficiency and decrease emissions without needing to be plugged in. Honda chose a different hybrid engine design than Toyota. It did not collaborate or license its technology, wanting to maintain independence. However, Toyota engaged in both and sold almost three times as many HEVs. Honda was also developing fuel-cell vehicles, though they would take longer to commercialize.
Essential of Technology Entrep. & Innovation- Chapter three critical factors...Motaz Agamawi
In chapter three, we are discussing the critical factors of management of technology.
This course provide the students with a conceptual knowledge regarding the essentials for management practices of a technology-based organization, and the evolution of technology. The topics covered in this course would include: • Introduction to the concept of entrepreneurship. • What entrepreneurs do and their importance to economy • How to seize business opportunity; • Know the process of creativity and difference between invention and innovation • Know how innovation is important as a dimension of entrepreneurship • Critical factors in managing technology; including • The Time Factor (Osborn effect) • Technology Push and Market Pull • The S-Curve of Technology • Technology and Product Life Cycle • The Chain Equation of Technology Innovation • Price Knowledge Gape Relation • Difference between Entrepreneurship and Stewardship Management • Difference between technology leader and followers • Competition and Competitiveness Concepts. • The process of the technological innovation; • Who are the customers; and • How to optimize cost and find finance for your projects • Demonstrate the importance of business plan, including the marketing and financial plans and how to prepare it. • Know the structure and management of a technology organization
Chapter 3 Schilling 2017 Types and Patterns of Innovationahmdirvan
This document discusses different types and patterns of innovation. It describes the differences between product and process innovation, radical and incremental innovation, competence-enhancing and competence-destroying innovation, and architectural and component innovation. It also discusses how innovations can be analyzed using dimensions like radicalness and newness. Finally, it covers how the performance and adoption of technologies often follow S-curve patterns over time, and how S-curves can provide insights but also have limitations as a predictive tool.
Lecture 5 - Technology diffusion and technology transferUNU.MERIT
This document summarizes key concepts around technology diffusion and transfer. It discusses how diffusion involves the adoption of innovations over time, often following an S-shaped curve, as more actors accumulate knowledge through interaction. Theories of diffusion include epidemic models, where adoption spreads as information is shared, and equilibrium models, where gradual diffusion occurs as firms rationally weigh costs and benefits. Empirical studies have found factors like profitability, firm size, and access to credit influence a technology's rate of adoption.
This white paper, written by Pollen Strategy, describes the process by which innovations are diffused, and explains how businesses can maximise the market penetration of their innovations.
The document discusses the technological environment and the impact of technology. It defines technology and classifies it into different categories. It then describes the five stages of the technology cycle - awareness, acquisition, adaptation, advancement, and abandonment. Next, it discusses the impact of technology in three areas: social implications, economic implications, and plant-level changes. Some key impacts mentioned are increased productivity, need for R&D spending, jobs becoming more intellectual, and changes to organization structure.
Chapter 3 types and patterns of innovationMuhammad Anang
The path a technology follows through time is termed its technology trajectory. Technology trajectories are most often used to represent the technology’s rate of performance improvement or its rate of adoption in the marketplace.
hi frndzz..This presentation is all abt impact of technology in business environment....
(Note : Dont go with text desription bcz some of the ppt r in .jpeg(pic) format)
Honda had a record of developing environmentally-friendly vehicles and manufacturing processes. It introduced its first hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) in Japan in 1997. HEVs increase fuel efficiency and decrease emissions without needing to be plugged in. Honda chose a different hybrid engine design than Toyota. It did not collaborate or license its technology, wanting to maintain independence. However, Toyota engaged in both and sold almost three times as many HEVs. Honda was also developing fuel-cell vehicles, though they would take longer to commercialize.
Essential of Technology Entrep. & Innovation- Chapter three critical factors...Motaz Agamawi
In chapter three, we are discussing the critical factors of management of technology.
This course provide the students with a conceptual knowledge regarding the essentials for management practices of a technology-based organization, and the evolution of technology. The topics covered in this course would include: • Introduction to the concept of entrepreneurship. • What entrepreneurs do and their importance to economy • How to seize business opportunity; • Know the process of creativity and difference between invention and innovation • Know how innovation is important as a dimension of entrepreneurship • Critical factors in managing technology; including • The Time Factor (Osborn effect) • Technology Push and Market Pull • The S-Curve of Technology • Technology and Product Life Cycle • The Chain Equation of Technology Innovation • Price Knowledge Gape Relation • Difference between Entrepreneurship and Stewardship Management • Difference between technology leader and followers • Competition and Competitiveness Concepts. • The process of the technological innovation; • Who are the customers; and • How to optimize cost and find finance for your projects • Demonstrate the importance of business plan, including the marketing and financial plans and how to prepare it. • Know the structure and management of a technology organization
Chapter 3 Schilling 2017 Types and Patterns of Innovationahmdirvan
This document discusses different types and patterns of innovation. It describes the differences between product and process innovation, radical and incremental innovation, competence-enhancing and competence-destroying innovation, and architectural and component innovation. It also discusses how innovations can be analyzed using dimensions like radicalness and newness. Finally, it covers how the performance and adoption of technologies often follow S-curve patterns over time, and how S-curves can provide insights but also have limitations as a predictive tool.
Disruptive technologies get lots of attention for their individually dramatic appearances. But the big picture of disruption is not "news" or "history". Instead, it's almost predictable.
The document discusses the concepts of innovation types including incremental, radical, component and architectural innovation. It describes how architectural innovation involves reconfiguring how components are linked together while sustaining core competencies. The document also outlines the technology life cycle from emergence of new technologies and periods of experimentation to the establishment of dominant designs and routines. Managerial implications are discussed around anticipating disruptions, distinguishing between incumbents and new entrants, and configurations of alliances.
This document discusses the technological environment and its impact on business. It defines technology as the systematic application of knowledge to practical tasks. It notes that the technological environment changes rapidly and affects how resources are converted to output. Adopting new technologies can increase productivity, save time, improve quality and communication, and make marketing and management easier. However, technology transfer between businesses and nations can be costly, issues of appropriateness and dependence can arise, and technologies may become obsolete. Appropriate technology refers to small-scale, locally managed technologies that meet basic needs. The conclusion states that while technology presents risks and opportunities, businesses can leverage changes to improve and create new products and processes.
Introduction to Management of TechnologyTarek Salah
This document discusses various topics related to the management of technology, including:
- Definitions of management of technology at the firm and national levels.
- Drivers of technological change in the 21st century and how to manage technologies within organizations.
- The relationship between technology, markets, and society.
- Frameworks for analyzing a company's technology capabilities and opportunities, including technology space maps and horizons of growth models.
- The difference between invention, innovation, and bringing innovations to market.
- Models of the technology and product lifecycles.
- Types of innovations like disruptive vs. sustaining and the role of entrepreneurship in driving technological progress.
The path a technology follows through time is termed its technology trajectory. Technology trajectories are most often used to represent the technology’s rate of performance improvement or its rate of adoption in the marketplace. Though many factors can influence these technology trajectories (as discussed in both this chapter and the following chapters), some patterns have been consistently identified in technology trajectories across many industry contexts and over many periods. Understanding these patterns of technological innovation provides a useful foundation that we will build upon in the later chapters on formulating technology strategy.
Technology transfer involves applying technology developed for one purpose to a new use or user. It is important to choose the right technology - one that is not outdated, meets present and future demand, is cost effective and productive, and helps develop local skills. Models of technology transfer include licensing, science parks, hiring skilled employees, and technology transfer units. For inward technology transfer to be successful, organizations must be open to innovation adoption - from innovators and initiators to later adopters. The Intellectual Property Organization of Pakistan aims to integrate IP infrastructure to support achievement as an IP-based nation. Pakistan needs clear long-term policies to enhance technological capabilities through technology transfer and diffusion.
This document discusses the technological environment and the impact of technology. It notes that technology applies scientific knowledge to practical tasks and helps convert ideas into useful products. Technology is constantly changing and has widespread effects that feed on themselves. The impact of technology includes social implications like social changes; economic implications like increased productivity and competition; and changes at the plant level like more complex systems. Technology can change business models, as seen with low-cost airlines and Facebook, and can present opportunities or threats. Developing technology requires in-house research, alliances, or acquisitions. The document also discusses issues with technology policy in India like government dominance, stagnant research, import restrictions, and outdated imports.
The document discusses various aspects of technology including its impact on society and business. It defines technology as the systematic application of knowledge to practical tasks. Technology impacts society by enabling new capabilities but also introduces complexity and social change. It impacts business through increased productivity, the need for R&D spending, and changing job skills. Managing technological change within an organization can be challenging due to risks, resistance to change, and the need for new skills.
The presentation is about Technology Strategy - Pattern of Innovation in Chapter-3, schilling (text Book). Was done by my group mates and reflects some topics with examples.
International technology transfer involves the movement of technologies across borders, usually from developed to developing countries. It includes the transfer of skills, knowledge, and manufacturing methods. Companies transfer technology for reasons such as lack of manufacturing or marketing capacity, resources, or to form partnerships to commercialize innovations. Licensing and franchising are common methods of technology transfer. Licensing grants permission to use intellectual property while franchising also transfers a business model. Transferred technologies must respect intellectual property rights like patents, trademarks, and copyrights protected by international agreements and courts.
This document summarizes a presentation on technology management and Porter's Five Forces model. It discusses how an industry's profit potential is determined by competitive rivalry and factors like threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, and threat of substitutes. Examples analyzing these forces in the movie industry are provided. The document also covers intellectual property principles like patents, trade secrets, copyrights, and trademarks. Key aspects of technology transfer to developing countries and technology policy frameworks are outlined. The objectives and focus areas of India's technology policy on self-reliance and strengthening technical capabilities are highlighted.
This document discusses technology management. It defines technology as the application of science for industrial use. The four elements of technology are technique, knowledge, organization, and product. Technology is driven by innovation, stakeholders, customers, sponsors, and IT standards. There are different categories of technology such as black box, disembodied, embodied, generic, proprietary, and service technologies. Effective technology management leads to benefits like easier work, increased job satisfaction, higher profits, and a more competitive business. The relationship between business strategy and technology strategy is also covered.
This document discusses technology transfer and the utilization of patent information as a technology transfer tool. It begins with an overview of what technology transfer is, including definitions from WIPO. It then discusses the various types of patent documentation and information contained in patent documents, including technological and bibliographic information. The document outlines international classification systems like IPC and databases like INPADOC. It details how patent information can be accessed and utilized, including for technical, planning, and management purposes by governments, enterprises, researchers, and more. It provides examples of using patent documents and information as a technical resource and management tool.
Chapter 2 Schilling 2017 Sources of Innovationahmdirvan
Individuals, firms, universities, government laboratories, and private non-profit organizations can all be sources of innovation. Firms are well-suited for innovation activities because they have greater resources than individuals and a system to direct those resources. Innovation can come from individuals, either as lone inventors or users designing solutions to meet their own needs. Universities and government laboratories also contribute to innovation through research efforts. Regional clusters can spur innovation through proximity that facilitates knowledge exchange, as seen in technology hubs like Silicon Valley.
This document discusses international technology transfer. It defines technology transfer as the process of transferring technology from its source or owner to a recipient. The document outlines different ways technology can be transferred, such as through foreign investment, trade, licensing patents, technical assistance, or student/faculty movement between institutions. It provides examples of different organizations in India that assist with technology transfer and discusses the importance of technological transfer for developing intellectual property and creating new products and services.
Topics that will be emphasized in this class include
Technology Strategy
Development of Technological capability
Innovation management
Technology management and business competitiveness interface
Technology adoption
E-business and Virtual Corporation
http://phpexecutor.com
Fuzzy Front End Presentation For Hfi Contextual Innovation TeamRushikesh KULKARNI
The document discusses the "fuzzy front end" of innovation and new product development. It describes how companies can identify "lead users" who face needs before the mainstream market and are well-positioned to provide insights into future needs and solutions. Lead users can be identified by tracking trends, screening user databases, or networking to find other innovative users. Their needs and concepts can then be developed into product ideas through workshops or surveys and tested with the broader market. Engaging lead users helps companies better understand emerging needs and opportunities for innovative new products and services.
The document discusses technology transfer, outlining its categories and channels. It provides case studies on reverse engineering by Phoenix Technologies Ltd, a joint venture between Suzuki and the Indian government, and intra-firm transfer at British Insulated Callender's Cables. The key channels of technology transfer are licensing, franchising, joint ventures, turnkey projects, and foreign direct investment. The case studies demonstrate how partnerships and collaboration facilitate the transfer of technological innovations between organizations.
This document discusses disruptive and emerging technologies. It begins by providing examples of famous incorrect predictions about new technologies like the automobile, telephone, radio, and computers. It then defines sustaining technologies as steady improvements to existing technologies, while disruptive technologies introduce new approaches that can transform an industry. Examples of disruptive technologies provided include the personal computer and digital photography. The document discusses how disruptive technologies appeal to new customer segments before disrupting incumbents. It introduces the concept of the innovator's dilemma, where established companies may not invest in disruptive technologies that do not meet current customer needs. Finally, it discusses models for technology adoption like the technology adoption lifecycle curve and the 2/10 rule.
Technology adoption is a key process that enables hesitant users to successfully adopt and use new technologies, though not all innovations are readily accepted. The technology adoption process involves stages of awareness, assessment, acceptability, learning, and usage. Factors affecting adoption include perceived benefits and costs of the technology itself as well as of substitutes, infrastructure support, learning challenges, customer reluctance to change, and competing technologies from suppliers. Technologies also progress through an adoption life cycle in which certain groups adopt earlier than others. A survey of Indian MSMEs found online marketplaces have 45-50% penetration currently but may reach 80% in the coming years, while top barriers to technology adoption include cost, infrastructure, awareness, skilled labor.
‘In with the old, out with the new’ – In search of ways to help health economists break their addiction to technology adoption. CHE Seminar presented by Professor Stirling Bryan, Director, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Professor, School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia. 17th October 2014
Disruptive technologies get lots of attention for their individually dramatic appearances. But the big picture of disruption is not "news" or "history". Instead, it's almost predictable.
The document discusses the concepts of innovation types including incremental, radical, component and architectural innovation. It describes how architectural innovation involves reconfiguring how components are linked together while sustaining core competencies. The document also outlines the technology life cycle from emergence of new technologies and periods of experimentation to the establishment of dominant designs and routines. Managerial implications are discussed around anticipating disruptions, distinguishing between incumbents and new entrants, and configurations of alliances.
This document discusses the technological environment and its impact on business. It defines technology as the systematic application of knowledge to practical tasks. It notes that the technological environment changes rapidly and affects how resources are converted to output. Adopting new technologies can increase productivity, save time, improve quality and communication, and make marketing and management easier. However, technology transfer between businesses and nations can be costly, issues of appropriateness and dependence can arise, and technologies may become obsolete. Appropriate technology refers to small-scale, locally managed technologies that meet basic needs. The conclusion states that while technology presents risks and opportunities, businesses can leverage changes to improve and create new products and processes.
Introduction to Management of TechnologyTarek Salah
This document discusses various topics related to the management of technology, including:
- Definitions of management of technology at the firm and national levels.
- Drivers of technological change in the 21st century and how to manage technologies within organizations.
- The relationship between technology, markets, and society.
- Frameworks for analyzing a company's technology capabilities and opportunities, including technology space maps and horizons of growth models.
- The difference between invention, innovation, and bringing innovations to market.
- Models of the technology and product lifecycles.
- Types of innovations like disruptive vs. sustaining and the role of entrepreneurship in driving technological progress.
The path a technology follows through time is termed its technology trajectory. Technology trajectories are most often used to represent the technology’s rate of performance improvement or its rate of adoption in the marketplace. Though many factors can influence these technology trajectories (as discussed in both this chapter and the following chapters), some patterns have been consistently identified in technology trajectories across many industry contexts and over many periods. Understanding these patterns of technological innovation provides a useful foundation that we will build upon in the later chapters on formulating technology strategy.
Technology transfer involves applying technology developed for one purpose to a new use or user. It is important to choose the right technology - one that is not outdated, meets present and future demand, is cost effective and productive, and helps develop local skills. Models of technology transfer include licensing, science parks, hiring skilled employees, and technology transfer units. For inward technology transfer to be successful, organizations must be open to innovation adoption - from innovators and initiators to later adopters. The Intellectual Property Organization of Pakistan aims to integrate IP infrastructure to support achievement as an IP-based nation. Pakistan needs clear long-term policies to enhance technological capabilities through technology transfer and diffusion.
This document discusses the technological environment and the impact of technology. It notes that technology applies scientific knowledge to practical tasks and helps convert ideas into useful products. Technology is constantly changing and has widespread effects that feed on themselves. The impact of technology includes social implications like social changes; economic implications like increased productivity and competition; and changes at the plant level like more complex systems. Technology can change business models, as seen with low-cost airlines and Facebook, and can present opportunities or threats. Developing technology requires in-house research, alliances, or acquisitions. The document also discusses issues with technology policy in India like government dominance, stagnant research, import restrictions, and outdated imports.
The document discusses various aspects of technology including its impact on society and business. It defines technology as the systematic application of knowledge to practical tasks. Technology impacts society by enabling new capabilities but also introduces complexity and social change. It impacts business through increased productivity, the need for R&D spending, and changing job skills. Managing technological change within an organization can be challenging due to risks, resistance to change, and the need for new skills.
The presentation is about Technology Strategy - Pattern of Innovation in Chapter-3, schilling (text Book). Was done by my group mates and reflects some topics with examples.
International technology transfer involves the movement of technologies across borders, usually from developed to developing countries. It includes the transfer of skills, knowledge, and manufacturing methods. Companies transfer technology for reasons such as lack of manufacturing or marketing capacity, resources, or to form partnerships to commercialize innovations. Licensing and franchising are common methods of technology transfer. Licensing grants permission to use intellectual property while franchising also transfers a business model. Transferred technologies must respect intellectual property rights like patents, trademarks, and copyrights protected by international agreements and courts.
This document summarizes a presentation on technology management and Porter's Five Forces model. It discusses how an industry's profit potential is determined by competitive rivalry and factors like threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, and threat of substitutes. Examples analyzing these forces in the movie industry are provided. The document also covers intellectual property principles like patents, trade secrets, copyrights, and trademarks. Key aspects of technology transfer to developing countries and technology policy frameworks are outlined. The objectives and focus areas of India's technology policy on self-reliance and strengthening technical capabilities are highlighted.
This document discusses technology management. It defines technology as the application of science for industrial use. The four elements of technology are technique, knowledge, organization, and product. Technology is driven by innovation, stakeholders, customers, sponsors, and IT standards. There are different categories of technology such as black box, disembodied, embodied, generic, proprietary, and service technologies. Effective technology management leads to benefits like easier work, increased job satisfaction, higher profits, and a more competitive business. The relationship between business strategy and technology strategy is also covered.
This document discusses technology transfer and the utilization of patent information as a technology transfer tool. It begins with an overview of what technology transfer is, including definitions from WIPO. It then discusses the various types of patent documentation and information contained in patent documents, including technological and bibliographic information. The document outlines international classification systems like IPC and databases like INPADOC. It details how patent information can be accessed and utilized, including for technical, planning, and management purposes by governments, enterprises, researchers, and more. It provides examples of using patent documents and information as a technical resource and management tool.
Chapter 2 Schilling 2017 Sources of Innovationahmdirvan
Individuals, firms, universities, government laboratories, and private non-profit organizations can all be sources of innovation. Firms are well-suited for innovation activities because they have greater resources than individuals and a system to direct those resources. Innovation can come from individuals, either as lone inventors or users designing solutions to meet their own needs. Universities and government laboratories also contribute to innovation through research efforts. Regional clusters can spur innovation through proximity that facilitates knowledge exchange, as seen in technology hubs like Silicon Valley.
This document discusses international technology transfer. It defines technology transfer as the process of transferring technology from its source or owner to a recipient. The document outlines different ways technology can be transferred, such as through foreign investment, trade, licensing patents, technical assistance, or student/faculty movement between institutions. It provides examples of different organizations in India that assist with technology transfer and discusses the importance of technological transfer for developing intellectual property and creating new products and services.
Topics that will be emphasized in this class include
Technology Strategy
Development of Technological capability
Innovation management
Technology management and business competitiveness interface
Technology adoption
E-business and Virtual Corporation
http://phpexecutor.com
Fuzzy Front End Presentation For Hfi Contextual Innovation TeamRushikesh KULKARNI
The document discusses the "fuzzy front end" of innovation and new product development. It describes how companies can identify "lead users" who face needs before the mainstream market and are well-positioned to provide insights into future needs and solutions. Lead users can be identified by tracking trends, screening user databases, or networking to find other innovative users. Their needs and concepts can then be developed into product ideas through workshops or surveys and tested with the broader market. Engaging lead users helps companies better understand emerging needs and opportunities for innovative new products and services.
The document discusses technology transfer, outlining its categories and channels. It provides case studies on reverse engineering by Phoenix Technologies Ltd, a joint venture between Suzuki and the Indian government, and intra-firm transfer at British Insulated Callender's Cables. The key channels of technology transfer are licensing, franchising, joint ventures, turnkey projects, and foreign direct investment. The case studies demonstrate how partnerships and collaboration facilitate the transfer of technological innovations between organizations.
This document discusses disruptive and emerging technologies. It begins by providing examples of famous incorrect predictions about new technologies like the automobile, telephone, radio, and computers. It then defines sustaining technologies as steady improvements to existing technologies, while disruptive technologies introduce new approaches that can transform an industry. Examples of disruptive technologies provided include the personal computer and digital photography. The document discusses how disruptive technologies appeal to new customer segments before disrupting incumbents. It introduces the concept of the innovator's dilemma, where established companies may not invest in disruptive technologies that do not meet current customer needs. Finally, it discusses models for technology adoption like the technology adoption lifecycle curve and the 2/10 rule.
Technology adoption is a key process that enables hesitant users to successfully adopt and use new technologies, though not all innovations are readily accepted. The technology adoption process involves stages of awareness, assessment, acceptability, learning, and usage. Factors affecting adoption include perceived benefits and costs of the technology itself as well as of substitutes, infrastructure support, learning challenges, customer reluctance to change, and competing technologies from suppliers. Technologies also progress through an adoption life cycle in which certain groups adopt earlier than others. A survey of Indian MSMEs found online marketplaces have 45-50% penetration currently but may reach 80% in the coming years, while top barriers to technology adoption include cost, infrastructure, awareness, skilled labor.
‘In with the old, out with the new’ – In search of ways to help health economists break their addiction to technology adoption. CHE Seminar presented by Professor Stirling Bryan, Director, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Professor, School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia. 17th October 2014
2012 (Spring) - Mobile technology Adoption - Developing CountriesAlfonso Sintjago
The document discusses using smart phones to distribute low-cost, high-quality educational content through community technology centers in the Dominican Republic. It outlines a plan to provide small loans for community members to trade in basic phones for smart phones for educational purposes. The smart phones would allow access to educational content and courses through the community technology centers using subsidized or free data plans. The document compares ICT indicators and literacy rates in the Dominican Republic to regional averages.
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The document is a student paper about the author's daily use of technology. It discusses how the author uses social media like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to stay connected with friends. The author also relies on technology to complete school assignments, such as using the internet to research topics or a computer to type papers. Additionally, the author describes how everyday tasks like doing laundry, washing dishes, and driving require the use of technologies like washing machines, dishwashers, and cars. The author concludes that technology plays a major role in their daily life and that it would be difficult to function in modern society without daily technology use.
This document discusses the network architecture of 5G mobile technology. It begins with an introduction to 5G and its evolution from 1G to 5G wireless standards. It then describes the 5 layers of the 5G network architecture, including the physical, open wireless architecture, network, open transport, and application layers. Next, it covers the hardware and software aspects of 5G, such as its use of ultra wideband networks and code division multiple access. It concludes by discussing some key features, advantages and applications of 5G technology.
The document is a student paper about how the author uses technology in their daily life. It discusses how the author uses social media like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to stay connected with friends. The author also relies on technology to complete school assignments, such as researching topics online and using a computer to type papers. Additionally, the author describes how they use appliances and vehicles for everyday tasks like doing laundry, washing dishes, and driving places. The paper concludes that staying connected, schoolwork, and everyday tasks are the main ways the author integrates technology into their daily routine.
MOBILE HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND INNOVATIONSmPulse Mobile
This document provides an overview of mobile healthcare (mHealth) and discusses current trends in the industry. It notes that mHealth refers to delivering healthcare services via mobile devices and involves areas like remote monitoring, telemedicine, and medical equipment. The document summarizes key factors driving adoption of mHealth like advances in mobile technology, development of electronic health records, and consumer interest. It also outlines current market areas in mHealth and barriers to further growth.
Innovation and technology go hand in hand in developing the vision and strategy for the business solutions these leaders employ to engage current and new customers (boomers and beyond), and to establish new business models. Explore the best practices in innovation that drive new revenue generation. How is innovation affected by the adoption of technology by older consumers? Lee Rainie and Andrew Perrin present what works and what doesn’t when innovating in large public and nonprofit organizations at the Boomer Summit in Washington.
- Technology absorption refers to acquiring, developing, assimilating, and utilizing technological knowledge and capabilities from external sources. It involves hardware, software, brainware, and support networks.
- Technology adaptation occurs when parameters of acquired technology are changed to meet local needs or infrastructure constraints.
- Technology diffusion is the spread of new technologies, products, services, or processes from one entity to another over time. It typically follows an S-curve adoption pattern from innovators to early adopters to the mainstream.
- Organizations must properly manage technology absorption with support from management, clear agreements, training, and compliance with government guidelines requiring disclosure of absorption efforts.
The document summarizes data from the Pew Internet Project on differences in digital technology use among generations. Younger generations such as Millennials are more likely to use technologies like smartphones, social media, and download apps compared to older generations. For example, 96% of Millennials own a cellphone compared to only 52% of the G.I. Generation. Additionally, social networks play a larger role for younger people, with Millennials having an average social network size of over 300 contacts compared to only 42 contacts for the G.I. Generation.
The document discusses various theories and methods related to technology forecasting. It defines technology and discusses theories on the process of technological change proposed by various scholars. It also outlines some limitations of these theories. Additionally, it describes various quantitative and qualitative methods used for technology forecasting like trend extrapolation, growth curves, Delphi method, relevance trees, and morphological analysis. It provides details on how these methods are applied and discusses their relevance and limitations.
This document discusses methods and techniques for technological forecasting. It begins by introducing a collaborative research project on technological forecasting using data mining and semantics between MIT and MIST. It then lists leading journals in future-oriented technology analysis and technological forecasting. The rest of the document describes both qualitative and quantitative forecasting methods, including exploratory methods like technology monitoring, trend analysis, expert opinion, Delphi technique, and scenario development. It also discusses normative methods such as dynamic modeling, cross impact analysis, morphological analysis, and using series indicators. It concludes by noting no single technique is best and that choosing a technique depends on cost, accuracy, available data, computers, time, and forecast horizon.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Mobile phoneMuhammad Ali
Mobile phones can help in emergencies by allowing users to call for help when stranded. They also improve communication skills as users interact more over the phone. However, mobile phone use can be distracting and negatively impact health, as radiation exposure is a cancer concern and using phones while driving increases accidents. Excessive mobile phone use can also waste users' time and be disruptive if overused.
5G mobile technology will provide higher data transmission speeds than previous generations. It has an architecture that utilizes technologies like GPRS, EDGE, WLAN, and LTE. 5G offers advantages like high speeds of up to 1Gbps, high capacity, and more efficiency. However, developing the infrastructure will require high costs and security/privacy issues still need to be addressed. 5G is expected to be commercially available in 2020 and enable applications across industries through its wireless capabilities and availability on mobile networks.
Similar to TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION - Analyse the diffusion of innovation of Smartphone technology in Sri Lankan context using Geoffrey A Moore’s model and case study of hSenid Software International adoption to Cloud Computing. - Hansa Edirisinghe
1) Nokia was once a global leader in mobile phones but made missteps that led to its decline, such as underestimating the smartphone market and sticking with the outdated Symbian OS too long.
2) Some of Nokia's biggest mistakes included a lack of flexibility and responsiveness to market changes, poor communication within the company, and top managers who were too rigid in their thinking and reluctant to acknowledge threats from competitors like Apple.
3) These strategic failures prevented Nokia from capitalizing on opportunities and led to a loss of market share. By the time Nokia tried to pivot to Windows phones and sell its business, it was too late to reverse its fall.
- Linux originated in the 1960s when computers were large and expensive, with each having a different operating system, making software difficult to use across systems.
- In 1969, Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs began working on a solution, starting development of Unix to have a common operating system that could run on different hardware.
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TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION - Analyse the diffusion of innovation of Smartphone technology in Sri Lankan context using Geoffrey A Moore’s model and case study of hSenid Software International adoption to Cloud Computing. - Hansa Edirisinghe
1. TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION
MSc IT Assignment 2013
Task 01: Analyse the diffusion of innovation of
Smartphone technology in Sri Lankan context
using Geoffrey A Moore’s model.
Task 02: Case study of hSenid Software
International adoption to Cloud Computing.
Hansa K. Edirisinghe
BSc (Hons) University of Portsmouth, UK
MSc IT - Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK
21th April 2013
This assignment in its task one attempts to analyze the diffusion of innovation of Smartphone
technology using Geoffrey A Moore’s model contributed to Technology Adoption Life Cycle and under
the Task two, a leading Human Resource solution provider hSenid Software International has been
selected to analyze their adaption to Cloud Computing.
2. Abstract
This assignment in its task one attempts to analyze the diffusion of innovation of Smartphone
technology using Geoffrey A Moore’s model contributed to Technology Adoption Life Cycle.
Accordingly, the first part provides a basic understanding of Smartphone technology; history of
Smartphone; Technology Adoption Life Cycle and Geoffrey A Moore’s model; Diffusion of
innovation; Analysis of diffusion of innovation with regard to the Sri Lankan context; as well as
the Disruptive nature and actuality of Smartphone. The document has discussed phases of
technology adaption with aid of revolutionary Smartphone brands such as Apple, Samsung and
BlackBerry and the way they approach on the different phases of technology adaption lifecycle.
It is followed by the disputes due to the unfair competition such as patent infringement.
Under the Task two, a leading Human Resource solution provider hSenid Software International
has been selected to analyze their adaption to Cloud Computing. It provides critical analysis of
Strategic and operational intent of adaption; Internal and external influences to adaption;
Technology acquisition process; and Financial Justification. The paper in its conclusion
discusses the identified issues when adopting to Cloud computing and provides necessary
recommendations to those issues. The three service models of Cloud computing has been
discussed with their benefits to both service provider and client. It elaborates the history of
hSenid HR solution market and the changeover from standalone HR application to Cloud HR
application. The selection of a local organization (i.e. hSenid) proved to be fruitful as it
facilitated in providing required evidences of the benefits of adapting to cloud computing in Sri
Lanka.
ii
3. Table of Contents
1.0
Task 1 ................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1
Moore’s model contributed to Technology Adoption Life Cycle .................................... 1
1.2
Critical Analysis of diffusion of innovation in the Sri Lankan context ........................... 2
1.3
Disruptive nature and intention / actuality of using “Smart Phone” ................................ 4
2.0
Task 2 ................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1
Introduction to organization and technology adopted ...................................................... 5
2.2
Introduction to Cloud Computing .................................................................................... 5
2.3
Critical Analysis ............................................................................................................... 6
2.3.1
Strategic and Operational Intent ............................................................................... 6
2.3.2
Internal and External Influences ............................................................................... 7
2.3.3
Acquisition Process ................................................................................................... 7
2.3.4
Financial Justification ............................................................................................... 8
2.4
3.0
Conclusions and Recommendations to identified Issues ................................................. 9
Bibliography ...................................................................................................................... 11
iii
4. Table of Figure
Figure 1.1 Technology Adoption Life Cycle ................................................................................................ 1
Figure 1.2 Crossing the Chasm ..................................................................................................................... 2
Figure 1.3 Bowling Alley Model .................................................................................................................. 3
Figure 2.1 Cloud Computing Model ............................................................................................................. 6
iv
5. 1.0
Task 1
Selected technology: Smart Phone
Smartphone is a combination of cellular phone and Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Thus it has
voice calling, SMS, MMS representing cellular phone and Internet browsing, email, networking
from PDA. “Simon” was the first Smartphone designed by IBM in 1992. Today, Samsung,
Apple and Huawei considered to be leaders in Smartphone market seems overridden the
computers. Therefore the Smartphone highly impacts on the modern business world.
1.1
Moore’s model contributed to Technology Adoption Life Cycle
According to Technology Adoption Life Cycle (TALC) some people will adapt to the
technology very soon while the rest take long time. Based on the likelihood of adoption they are
categorized as Innovators, Early Adopters, Early Majority, Late Majority and Laggards.
Figure 1.1 Technology Adoption Life Cycle
Source: (Rannala, 2012)
According to figure 1.1, Innovators acquire the product in the introductory level. When a reputed
brand launches a new product there are few buyers who want to be the first customer in that
particular market. As an example “Samsung Galaxy S” series is one of the famous Smartphone
series in the market. Before the company launches the product some customers have ordered the
product regardless of its price. They are known as Innovators in TALC.
Early Adopters are the next fastest respondents. Youths usually represent this category. They
take the risk and adapt to the innovation to be the first user among their society, although the
price is high.
1
6. Next stage in Moore’s model is known as Chasm. Those who successfully cross the chasm using
various strategies are considered to be halfway succeeded in market. According to the Moore’s
model the innovation has to cross bowling alley, Tornado and Main Street levels within Early
and Late majority stages. Finally comes the Laggards stage and it is total assimilation level.
1.2
Critical Analysis of diffusion of innovation in the Sri Lankan context
Diffusion is the process in which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over
time among the members of a social system. It is a special type of communication, in that the
messages are concerned. (Rogers, 2003)
Rogers’s Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) divided into five steps. This process also explains
different stages of marketing. This includes Awareness, Interest, Evaluation, Trial and Adoption.
According to TALC, Innovators usually skips few steps of DOI and start from trial stage and
usually influenced by high income of people. Therefore, according to Sri Lankan economic
context least innovators can be expected. But given the high economic disparity between the
richest and poorest in Sri Lanka (SL) there is a sizable niche of Innovators who could afford to
buy even such expensive phone.
It takes comparatively longer time to introduce new phones to SL than developed countries.
However, with heavy use of internet newly launched phones spreads faster among the youths
thus some of them become Early Adopters. As an example once “Samsung Galaxy S4” released
with eye-tracking feature those who wanted to be the first users in their groups/society rushed to
buy. Accordingly, SL has a potential for early adopters market.
To cross the chasm companies use strategies such as price discounts; raffle gifts; sponsorships
and online competition to win the phone as a gift. These are the popular strategies in the Sri
Lankan market to promote the product in the target market.
As explained in figure 1.2, shifting the customer from Main Street of the previous product to
Early Majority of the new product is crossing the chasm of new product.
Figure 1.2 Crossing the Chasm
Source : (Vespa, 2007)
2
7. The “Early Majority” attracts the phone after it crosses the chasm stage. As far as the product is
concerned this stage falls under “Bowling Alley”. Similar to the real bowling game, every
segment has a relationship with the neighboring segment. As shown in figure 1.3 the
accomplishment of bowling alley is a kind of niche market development.
Figure 1.3 Bowling Alley Model
Source : (Wiefels, 2002)
The Blackberry Smartphone market of SL is an example for this. Few years ago businessmen in
SL used to carry laptops to check their email when traveling. This trend was declined and around
80% of them now use Blackberry for this purpose. In the beginning of Blackberry era it was only
few businessmen but subsequently others too followed due to the prestige.
Successful passing of “Bowling Alley” will take the business moves in to “Tornado”. It is the
climax of the product and market share of the product is usually very high at this stage. Since
there are lots of alternatives being introduced, this could sometimes be an unfavorable time for a
product as well. When Apple's “iPhone 4” was in its climax, “Samsung Galaxy S” came in to
compete with it. It created a bad time for iPhone and their sales were dropped drastically.
“Samsung Galaxy S2” also launched successively and combination of this ruined the iPhone
market in Sri Lanka.
The user friendliness of “Samsung Galaxy S2” and innovative features “Samsung Galaxy S3”
created a big market share to Galaxy S series among locals. Now the Galaxy S2 is in “Main
Street” and Galaxy S3 is passing Tornado level. Main Street is the aftermarket development
period and the product is about to be obsolete. It is usually the best time to release the next
version of the product and push it to Tornado.
There is a level that every product drops out from the TALC. Laggards come after Late Majority
stage and it leads the product to come to the “Total Assimilation” level in Moore’s model.
3
8. Although “Galaxy S” series is in the market, the “Samsung Galaxy S” which is known as i9000
is now in the Total assimilation level.
1.3
Disruptive nature and intention / actuality of using “Smart Phone”
According to Apple's market disruption survey (Jade, 2013) there are three types of disruption in
every country.
1. New market disruption – Targeting a new market segment when a new product brings in
to the market, and the existing product will not be served to them. As an example, when
iPhone 5 came in to the market, existing iPhone 4 user did not go for iPhone 5. Most of
the Sri Lankan Smartphone users use a phone for more than two years. Therefore iPhone
5 will be served to a different set of people and iPhone 4 will not be served to them.
2. Bringing a better product into an established market – Due to the competitiveness newer
products are being introduced frequently and the demand for the old model declines.
Demand for iPhone 5 will decrease when the next version arrives with more innovative
features. Therefore, everyone should face the actuality of market.
3. Addressing over-served customers with a low cost business model – Few years ago low
quality alternative phones imported from china. Those phones came with a similar
interface to the original phone and sold at very low price. It was one of the best examples
for low cost business model.
Apart from the disruptions on the market there were several disputes and conflict of opinion
among companies as well. As per the usual nature of Tornado, Apple Inc. and Samsung
Electronics Co. were engaged in a patent battle.
They found that Samsung infringed on a series of Apple’s patents on mobile devices, awarding
Apple more than $1 billion in damages. (Wingfield, 2012)
However, all the Smartphone users like to enjoy new features every day. So the actuality is all
the competitors do new innovation to sustain in the competitive market and to offer the best
product.
4
9. 2.0
Task 2
Selected technology: Cloud Computing
Selected Organization: hSenid Software International
2.1
Introduction to organization and technology adopted
hSenid is a leading Human Resource (HR) solution provider is SL founded in 1997. Their initial
HR application was a VisualBasic standalone application. This application contained a complete
database of Employee Information and Attendance Management. Payroll modules were added at
a later stage of the system. To make the system user friendly it was taken to web platform and
variety of modules were subsequently added. The web application was developed by ASP.NET
and sold at module basis. Once a client purchase the system hSenid will host the application on
the client’s database and application servers. Since the application will host at the client’s end,
the client has to bare both application cost and the server cost. To ease this difficulty hSenid has
gone for a hosted solution.
“People’s HR” is their latest cloud computing solution in HR management. Since this is a cloud
computing solution the total benefit goes to the client.
The solution is hired on a monthly rental basis which is calculated based on the number of users.
(hSenid Software International (Pvt) Ltd, 2013)
While using cloud based solution the client need not have to keep a separate technical staff to
maintain the application and the client can save the additional cost for hardware and
maintenance. Since the licenses for the database and software already purchased by the service
provider the client is free from such additional costs.
2.2
Introduction to Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared
pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction. (Mell & Grance, 2011)
Cloud Computing consist of three service models. There are Software as a Service (SaaS),
Platforms as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
5
10. Figure 2.1 Cloud Computing Model
Source : (FCCI, 2011)
SaaS model provides hosted applications to could users which are accessible through a web
browser. No other supportive software and hardware requirements such as servers, operating
systems, storage and software license are required by the user thus it is an eminent model for cost
cutting especially in local organizations. This could save a lot of money to companies. Usually
the SaaS applications have per month rentals.
PaaS provides a capability to develop, deploy, integrate and test application on the cloud
interface. As an example, the online hosting space could be purchased on yearly rental. PaaS is
the best solution to eliminate the server maintenance cost.
IaaS provides a cloud interface to storage, processing, networks and other fundamentals to the
consumers. The user will be able to develop, deploy and run the application on these virtual
machines, operating systems and storage.
2.3
Critical Analysis
2.3.1 Strategic and Operational Intent
hSenid had adopted several strategies to make their HR application popular. They have timely
changed the application according to operational trends and technology trends. Their strategic
6
11. intent had always been to actively represent for the technology until cloud computing sustain in
the local market. Accordingly, hSenid had launched the first Cloud HR application in SL. The
strategic intent of providing a SaaS solution has attracted small to medium scale companies for a
total HR package which could reduce 80% of manual work of HR staff. As an example the
application facilitated to perform client specific algorithms, calculations, analysis and reports
through all 20 modules.
hSenid tested the performance of the cloud application on different environments and data
traffics. Therefore the operational intent of the application is high.
hSenid cloud HR application has different databases to each client and the backup schedule
works every hour. Three data centers that store data guaranty the data availability and security.
Hardware from the Client’s end has been integrated with the cloud HR application. As an
example the clock machine database of client, passes clock data to the attendance module of the
cloud application. The clock data download schedule usually run two times per day to pick the
employee’s in time and out time.
2.3.2 Internal and External Influences
hSenid was succeeded with their “HRM enterprise” application sometimes back, which was not a
cloud computing solution. But the software was purchased only by the large scale multinational
organizations such as Unilever, Nestle and Etisalat. The common influence of adaption is
usually generated by the value for money as perceived by the user.
Although the application has variety of useful features, it did not attract small and medium scale
organization, since the capital investment will be high. The type of external influence that was
experienced by hSenid stayed between these extremes.
On the other hand, if hSenid competitors adopt the latest technology before hSenid, the
competitors may get first mover advantage. As an example if a competitor succeeded with a
cloud HR application before hSenid, the existing/target market may shift away from hSenid.
Initiating a cloud solution requires a huge capital. But the maintenance cost is very low after the
solution is established. Therefore high return on investment (ROI) could be expected.
Understanding of this profit factor by company top management will lead to an internal pressure
to acquire the technology. The projects teams engage in a cloud project more enthusiastically
than the others, as they learn the latest technology and earn high profits. Therefore internal
influences lead to adopt for the new technology similar to external influences.
2.3.3 Acquisition Process
Cloud computing is not a highly penetrated technology in the local market yet. Therefore the
service providers have to adopt different marketing strategies. Initially it demands a change in
the thinking pattern of the people. Traditionally, anything is more secured when they are
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12. physically in own custody than having it in somewhere else. Therefore, companies used to keep
the application server, database servers and other mass storages with their custody for the data
security. This mentality prevents companies using a cloud computing solution. But hSenid
effectively convinced on the data security to their clients and marketed it well. Once overcome
the security barrier, company went through a three step process to increase the level of
acquisition.
1. Sign-up trial period
2. Effective follow-up
3. Sign the contract and do Customization
Since cloud computing is a new concept, it takes some time to realize benefits by the users.
Therefore they would feel more secured to use the application for a trial. The real look and feel
of application may convince the user to adopt subsequently.
The effective follow-up assures the user that the application comprehensively delivers all the
requirements of user. It also identifies the user requirements and the problems which user has in
the application as well as the barriers while adapting to the technology.
It is very important to come up with tailor made strategic plans to approach different type of
customers. Securing one customer should not be the end of acquisition process; rather it should
be the starting point of a “Bowling Alley”.
2.3.4 Financial Justification
Cloud computing users enjoy lot of facilities which ultimately reflects financial benefit for them.
Fully utilized hardware
The only hardware requirement for Cloud user is a computer and internet. For an example
“Suntel” is one of the hSenid clients who purchased the Cloud HR application. Every HR staff
member of Suntel already had been using a computer with internet even before purchasing of an
IT system. Therefore it did not add any additional cost to the company but facilitated the
company to maximize the utilization of existing resources such as hardware.
Lower power costs
Operating additional server for a new application will be adding power cost to the company.
Since the cloud application does not require additional hardware, the additional power cost could
be eliminated.
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13.
Lower people costs
Since the server operation and control is done by the service provider’s end, there are no
additional IT staff required from the Client’s end.
Zero capital costs
When considering the previous example, Suntel purchased the application for one year
subscription. It is similar to staying at house for a yearly rental. There’s no capital investment to
the tenant.
Resilience without redundancy
There are several issues occur while using the own hardware that could be eliminated through
Cloud computing. Company need to buy hardware, in case of a failure and it reduces the system
up time as well. Buying new hardware will cost to the company and system down time may be
harmful the productivity.
2.4
Conclusions and Recommendations to identified Issues
Service providers should use high end servers to provide efficient service. As an example the
speed of Google is constant regardless of the number of users. Similarly every cloud service
provider should be capable of handling huge traffic at once.
The memory and storage should be increased to cater to the growing customer base. The cost of
the other hardware devices such as routers and swatches, software license renewal fees,
increasing internet and electricity bills cannot be added to the user’s subscription.
The server up time is one of the most important factor in Cloud computing. Therefore facing
power failures will be one of the major issues in the counties like SL.
Considering these issues it is recommended that service providers proactively should explore
ways and means to pass down the increasing costs to the Cloud users as it is not possible to
increase the subscription fee while the application is being used. It is vital to have necessary
terms and conditions to cover any logical factors in the service contracts.
Frequently change the business plans for new customer could be another solution to recover the
cost. Introduce more innovative features will attract more clients thus the subsequent costs could
be incorporated to new pricing.
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14. Service providers should explore overseas markets and secure business at premium prices. Since
the service is provided through internet, client’s geographical location has no bearing to the cost.
Since the power failures make huge impact on server plants and data centers, appropriate feasible
plans to deploy UPS and power generators especially in the SL context.
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15. 3.0
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