The document discusses the design of a database for ABC's online ordering and delivery system. It identifies several entities and their attributes, including customers, orders, products, suppliers, warehouses, drivers, vehicles, and expenses. It also identifies various relationships between these entities, such as many-to-many relationships between orders and products, warehouses and products, and expenses and drivers/vehicles. The document further discusses normalizing the database relations and designing a distributed database to support ABC's expansion to new branches in Hong Kong and Malaysia.
INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT - Critique the employment of ethical hacking ...Hansa Edirisinghe
This report discuses the employment of ethical hacking through a disciplined, systematic analysis as a way of reviewing and strengthening the security of information systems. The preliminary objective of this study is therefore to understand the concept of Ethical Hacking. - By Hansa Edirisinghe
Case Study - After establishing a reputation in the Arts and Design Markets, the Singapore Arts Academy (SAA) considers expanding and investing into a new Multimedia department and courses by setting up campuses around Asia pacific region. - By Hansa Edirisinghe
Ethical Hacking A high-level information security study on protecting a comp...Quinnipiac University
As organizations in recent years continue to increase their investment into the advancements of technology to upsurge productivity and efficiently, more and more companies begin to realize that protecting of this technology is just as significant (Information Security), if not; even more important in order to protect their reputation and integrity as a company.
This paper provides a comprehensive high-level view of ethical hacking, such as what it is, what it entails, and why companies hack into their own technology. Additionally, counter measures including penetration testing and real-world examples will be examined to give the reader a better understanding of ethical hacking and why it’s such an essential element of Information Security in the Information Systems/Technology field.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Egypt to support natural resource man...Amira Sobeih
Amira Sobeih considers the potential of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to support natural resource management and local development in her piece. Recognizing the issues of limited access, training and capacity building, the paper offers a model that can help meet a real demand for the use of Global Information Systems (GIS) to support local development in Egypt.
INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT - Critique the employment of ethical hacking ...Hansa Edirisinghe
This report discuses the employment of ethical hacking through a disciplined, systematic analysis as a way of reviewing and strengthening the security of information systems. The preliminary objective of this study is therefore to understand the concept of Ethical Hacking. - By Hansa Edirisinghe
Case Study - After establishing a reputation in the Arts and Design Markets, the Singapore Arts Academy (SAA) considers expanding and investing into a new Multimedia department and courses by setting up campuses around Asia pacific region. - By Hansa Edirisinghe
Ethical Hacking A high-level information security study on protecting a comp...Quinnipiac University
As organizations in recent years continue to increase their investment into the advancements of technology to upsurge productivity and efficiently, more and more companies begin to realize that protecting of this technology is just as significant (Information Security), if not; even more important in order to protect their reputation and integrity as a company.
This paper provides a comprehensive high-level view of ethical hacking, such as what it is, what it entails, and why companies hack into their own technology. Additionally, counter measures including penetration testing and real-world examples will be examined to give the reader a better understanding of ethical hacking and why it’s such an essential element of Information Security in the Information Systems/Technology field.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Egypt to support natural resource man...Amira Sobeih
Amira Sobeih considers the potential of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to support natural resource management and local development in her piece. Recognizing the issues of limited access, training and capacity building, the paper offers a model that can help meet a real demand for the use of Global Information Systems (GIS) to support local development in Egypt.
WSO2Con USA 2017: Discover Data That Matters: Deep Dive into WSO2 AnalyticsWSO2
Today’s digital businesses are flooding with big and fast-moving data. The ability to trawl this data ocean and identify actionable insights can deliver a competitive advantage to any organization. WSO2 Analytics enables businesses to do just that by providing real-time, interactive, predictive and batch analysis capabilities together.
In this hands on session we will
Plug in the WSO2 Analytics platform to some common business use cases
Showcase the numerous capabilities of the platform
Demonstrate how to collect data and analyze, predict and communicate effectively
Assignment 2 specificationThe assignment must be submitted e.docxsteviesellars
Assignment 2 specification
The assignment must be submitted
electronically
via the online assignment submission link on the study desk. Instructions will be provided on the course study desk.
If you are unable to complete the whole assignment, submit what you have done rather than nothing.
You must use the official USQ data
modelling
and normalization methodology. This methodology is based on Clive Finkelstein
’
s techniques (
SR 2.1
and
SR 2.2
) and all the examples in the lectures, study book and the tutorials use this methodology.
If you do not use the USQ methodology, you will probably be awarded a mark of zero.
You might wish to use a word processor or a drawing tool. In either case, you must adapt the drawing to conform to the
USQ
methodology.
This assignment covers much of the same ground as the exam and will provide you with a strong indicator of your level of preparedness for the exam. Most of the questions are of examination standard.
SECTION A
(Data Modelling) (40 marks)
A local pharmacy store in Wollongong wants to develop an online system to track their product inventory as well as prescription records of their products for regulatory requirements. As part of systems development, a data model is required to determine data entities and associated attributes and business rules. You are required to develop a data model which will allow the information and activities to be recorded.
The most important data entity for the system is the ITEM entity - this entity represents all the products in the pharmacy. Item code, shelf, location and quantity are the attributes for ITEM entity. Every time an item is ordered, some of the order details such as order date, order quantity and special instructions to the patient for each item in every order are stored. Patient information includes an id, patient name, date of birth, contact number and next of kin details. Each patient may have multiple orders of several items. While most orders are from patients this is not always the case. An order can be created without necessarily being associated with a patient, e.g. order from a casual customer buying items.
An item can be of two types: medical or non-medical. Understandably more than 95% of items in the pharmacy are medical items. For non-medical items, promotion period is an additional attribute to store since the pharmacy only sells non-medical items during promotions. Medical items are further classified into three types: doctor-prescription items, over-the-counter prescription items, and no-prescription items. Prescription records are required to be stored in the system. One doctor can prescribe multiple doctor-prescription items and vice versa. We store the prescription date and special instructions by the doctor prescribing a particular item. It is also important to store the doctor's name, specialty and registration number from the Medical Board of Australia.
An over-the-counter prescription item must be given by one of.
AimTo give you practical experience in database modelling, no.docxsimonlbentley59018
Aim:
To give you practical experience in database modelling, normalization and writing SQL statements to query a relational database
Assignment Summary:
The project specification details provided in this document and you must use only given specifications to come up with your solution. Make appropriate assumptions where ever required.
Please make sure that your group must meet your lecturer/tutor at least twice to update the progress of your assignment.
Background Information for Sample Database Project:
Australian Manufacturing Company (AMC) requires a database system to manage their stores, employees, products, suppliers, patrons and orders.
The following information has been gathered about current business activities of AMC.
AMC has many stores in different cities across Australia. Each store has unique store number and other details like name, contact details (phone number, email address and fax number) and location details (postal address composed of street number, suburb, state and postcode).
There are many departments within each store, for example, HR, accounts, finance and sales etc. each department is uniquely identified by department number. AMC also records department title, phone number and email address.
Each store has a number of employees. Each department is supervised by a department supervisor and each store is managed by a store manager who both are employees of AMC. Each department has a single supervisor only i.e. the department supervisor is also the supervisor for all the employees work within that department.
Each employee is referenced by unique employee number, name (first and last names), address, mobile number, email, TFN, salary and joining date. An employee’s salary is recorded differently as per his or her employment type. Employees can be employed as fulltime or casual basis. For a fulltime staff, annual salary is recorded and hourly rate for a casual staff.
Each store creates payslips for all employees work in that store on a weekly basis. As a minimum payslip number, no of hours worked, employee detail, store detail and gross pay are recorded.
AMC sales different products like fashion, health, beauty, electronics etc. Each product is characterised by product number, name, brand, description and price.
Each product can be supplied by one or more supplier and each supplier can supply one or many products. AMC also keeps appropriate details of their suppliers.
Each store maintains an inventory of their products available for sale. The quantity of each product available in store and the quantity ordered are kept.
AMC patron visits the store and shops in the store. Each customer is characterised by customer number, name (first and last names), mobile number and address.
A patron may place orders. An order contains one or many products at a time. A store keeps track of order number, order date, product(s) ordered and quantity ordered for each product.
2 | P a g e
The proprietors of AMC have ap.
Multiple Choice1.There are fundamental challenges in managing.docxroushhsiu
Multiple Choice
1. There are fundamental challenges in managing effective supply chains (those activities that largely affect a company’s COGS and working capital deployed). The effective supply chain manager must recognize then lead the way through these challenges. The best explanation of the challenges is:
A. Trying to understand true Customer Expected Lead Time (CELT) and effort to make supply chains more responsive
B. Trying to change production mindsets from push to pull while illuminating muda.
C. Trying to make the purchase of milk more Make-to-Order
D. Use techniques like postponement and vendor managed inventory to shift inventory holding responsibility from our balance sheet to another supply chain partner
E. Identifying the adjectives that describe potential supply chain segments then implementing them throughout the company.
2. Why is this model below described euphemistically as the “Guess-Buy-Make-Move-and Sell-at-a-Discount” model in supply chain parlance? Select the BEST answer.
A. Because its dependent on a forecast that is usually wrong
B. Because it’s based in a presumption that all customers do not plan for a purchase and when they do want something, they want it NOW!
C. It’s the same as describing a Push or Make to Stock model
D A&B
E. All of the above
3. A methodology for designing error-proofing into process design to help humans make less mistakes is called:
A. Pull-signal
B. Kaisen
C. Poka-yoke
D. Kanban
E. Andon
4. The reason we say that the “best Kanban is no Kanban” in process design is:
A. Kanbans are difficult to place and create effective rules for
B. Kanbans are used to create balance between two asynchronous processes through use of limited Work in Process (WIP) inventory. No Kanban means the two processes are “naturally” synchronized.
C. WIP in Kanbans is a form of waste because inventory is not your friend.
D. Voice of the Customer “takt-time” should be met rather than running as fast as the process will go.
E. A Kanban signal has too many variations (light, floor space, cards, etc.) so best to use something that is more fool-proof.
If catching a bus to get a rental car is scheduled every 15 minutes from the curb outside United (my typical airline) and I arrive (as I always seem to do) one minute after the last bus takes off … what is Hertz generally saying about the frequency of their schedule by coming every 15 minutes?
5. What is the difference between takt time and capacity?
A. One states the Voice of the Customer and the other the Voice of the Process
B. One states the run-speed capability of a process and one states the rate at which customers needs product to come through a production process
C. Takt time is only relevant in lean/JIT environments, capacity is applicable in all settings
D. Capacity is something measured and purported by manufacturing companies, takt time is measured and purported by distribution companies
6. If Takt time was discussed in question 5, what of t ...
• The SetFocus SQL Master’s Program is an intensive, hands–on, project oriented program allowing knowledge and valuable experience putting the SQL skill set to use in a simulated work environment.
• I received over 300 hours of in-depths hands on experience focused on SQL.
• SetFocus projects are real world projects that are distributed just as I would receive in a position. I received project specifications and was expected to identify best courses of action with deadlines set for completion.
I am Elena Y. I am an Instant DBMS Assignment Expert at databasehomeworkhelp.com. I hold a Master’s Degree in Programming, from Leeds, UK. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 9 years. I solve assignments related to Instant DBMS.
Visit databasehomeworkhelp.com or email info@databasehomeworkhelp.com. You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Instant DBMS Assignment.
WSO2Con USA 2017: Discover Data That Matters: Deep Dive into WSO2 AnalyticsWSO2
Today’s digital businesses are flooding with big and fast-moving data. The ability to trawl this data ocean and identify actionable insights can deliver a competitive advantage to any organization. WSO2 Analytics enables businesses to do just that by providing real-time, interactive, predictive and batch analysis capabilities together.
In this hands on session we will
Plug in the WSO2 Analytics platform to some common business use cases
Showcase the numerous capabilities of the platform
Demonstrate how to collect data and analyze, predict and communicate effectively
Assignment 2 specificationThe assignment must be submitted e.docxsteviesellars
Assignment 2 specification
The assignment must be submitted
electronically
via the online assignment submission link on the study desk. Instructions will be provided on the course study desk.
If you are unable to complete the whole assignment, submit what you have done rather than nothing.
You must use the official USQ data
modelling
and normalization methodology. This methodology is based on Clive Finkelstein
’
s techniques (
SR 2.1
and
SR 2.2
) and all the examples in the lectures, study book and the tutorials use this methodology.
If you do not use the USQ methodology, you will probably be awarded a mark of zero.
You might wish to use a word processor or a drawing tool. In either case, you must adapt the drawing to conform to the
USQ
methodology.
This assignment covers much of the same ground as the exam and will provide you with a strong indicator of your level of preparedness for the exam. Most of the questions are of examination standard.
SECTION A
(Data Modelling) (40 marks)
A local pharmacy store in Wollongong wants to develop an online system to track their product inventory as well as prescription records of their products for regulatory requirements. As part of systems development, a data model is required to determine data entities and associated attributes and business rules. You are required to develop a data model which will allow the information and activities to be recorded.
The most important data entity for the system is the ITEM entity - this entity represents all the products in the pharmacy. Item code, shelf, location and quantity are the attributes for ITEM entity. Every time an item is ordered, some of the order details such as order date, order quantity and special instructions to the patient for each item in every order are stored. Patient information includes an id, patient name, date of birth, contact number and next of kin details. Each patient may have multiple orders of several items. While most orders are from patients this is not always the case. An order can be created without necessarily being associated with a patient, e.g. order from a casual customer buying items.
An item can be of two types: medical or non-medical. Understandably more than 95% of items in the pharmacy are medical items. For non-medical items, promotion period is an additional attribute to store since the pharmacy only sells non-medical items during promotions. Medical items are further classified into three types: doctor-prescription items, over-the-counter prescription items, and no-prescription items. Prescription records are required to be stored in the system. One doctor can prescribe multiple doctor-prescription items and vice versa. We store the prescription date and special instructions by the doctor prescribing a particular item. It is also important to store the doctor's name, specialty and registration number from the Medical Board of Australia.
An over-the-counter prescription item must be given by one of.
AimTo give you practical experience in database modelling, no.docxsimonlbentley59018
Aim:
To give you practical experience in database modelling, normalization and writing SQL statements to query a relational database
Assignment Summary:
The project specification details provided in this document and you must use only given specifications to come up with your solution. Make appropriate assumptions where ever required.
Please make sure that your group must meet your lecturer/tutor at least twice to update the progress of your assignment.
Background Information for Sample Database Project:
Australian Manufacturing Company (AMC) requires a database system to manage their stores, employees, products, suppliers, patrons and orders.
The following information has been gathered about current business activities of AMC.
AMC has many stores in different cities across Australia. Each store has unique store number and other details like name, contact details (phone number, email address and fax number) and location details (postal address composed of street number, suburb, state and postcode).
There are many departments within each store, for example, HR, accounts, finance and sales etc. each department is uniquely identified by department number. AMC also records department title, phone number and email address.
Each store has a number of employees. Each department is supervised by a department supervisor and each store is managed by a store manager who both are employees of AMC. Each department has a single supervisor only i.e. the department supervisor is also the supervisor for all the employees work within that department.
Each employee is referenced by unique employee number, name (first and last names), address, mobile number, email, TFN, salary and joining date. An employee’s salary is recorded differently as per his or her employment type. Employees can be employed as fulltime or casual basis. For a fulltime staff, annual salary is recorded and hourly rate for a casual staff.
Each store creates payslips for all employees work in that store on a weekly basis. As a minimum payslip number, no of hours worked, employee detail, store detail and gross pay are recorded.
AMC sales different products like fashion, health, beauty, electronics etc. Each product is characterised by product number, name, brand, description and price.
Each product can be supplied by one or more supplier and each supplier can supply one or many products. AMC also keeps appropriate details of their suppliers.
Each store maintains an inventory of their products available for sale. The quantity of each product available in store and the quantity ordered are kept.
AMC patron visits the store and shops in the store. Each customer is characterised by customer number, name (first and last names), mobile number and address.
A patron may place orders. An order contains one or many products at a time. A store keeps track of order number, order date, product(s) ordered and quantity ordered for each product.
2 | P a g e
The proprietors of AMC have ap.
Multiple Choice1.There are fundamental challenges in managing.docxroushhsiu
Multiple Choice
1. There are fundamental challenges in managing effective supply chains (those activities that largely affect a company’s COGS and working capital deployed). The effective supply chain manager must recognize then lead the way through these challenges. The best explanation of the challenges is:
A. Trying to understand true Customer Expected Lead Time (CELT) and effort to make supply chains more responsive
B. Trying to change production mindsets from push to pull while illuminating muda.
C. Trying to make the purchase of milk more Make-to-Order
D. Use techniques like postponement and vendor managed inventory to shift inventory holding responsibility from our balance sheet to another supply chain partner
E. Identifying the adjectives that describe potential supply chain segments then implementing them throughout the company.
2. Why is this model below described euphemistically as the “Guess-Buy-Make-Move-and Sell-at-a-Discount” model in supply chain parlance? Select the BEST answer.
A. Because its dependent on a forecast that is usually wrong
B. Because it’s based in a presumption that all customers do not plan for a purchase and when they do want something, they want it NOW!
C. It’s the same as describing a Push or Make to Stock model
D A&B
E. All of the above
3. A methodology for designing error-proofing into process design to help humans make less mistakes is called:
A. Pull-signal
B. Kaisen
C. Poka-yoke
D. Kanban
E. Andon
4. The reason we say that the “best Kanban is no Kanban” in process design is:
A. Kanbans are difficult to place and create effective rules for
B. Kanbans are used to create balance between two asynchronous processes through use of limited Work in Process (WIP) inventory. No Kanban means the two processes are “naturally” synchronized.
C. WIP in Kanbans is a form of waste because inventory is not your friend.
D. Voice of the Customer “takt-time” should be met rather than running as fast as the process will go.
E. A Kanban signal has too many variations (light, floor space, cards, etc.) so best to use something that is more fool-proof.
If catching a bus to get a rental car is scheduled every 15 minutes from the curb outside United (my typical airline) and I arrive (as I always seem to do) one minute after the last bus takes off … what is Hertz generally saying about the frequency of their schedule by coming every 15 minutes?
5. What is the difference between takt time and capacity?
A. One states the Voice of the Customer and the other the Voice of the Process
B. One states the run-speed capability of a process and one states the rate at which customers needs product to come through a production process
C. Takt time is only relevant in lean/JIT environments, capacity is applicable in all settings
D. Capacity is something measured and purported by manufacturing companies, takt time is measured and purported by distribution companies
6. If Takt time was discussed in question 5, what of t ...
• The SetFocus SQL Master’s Program is an intensive, hands–on, project oriented program allowing knowledge and valuable experience putting the SQL skill set to use in a simulated work environment.
• I received over 300 hours of in-depths hands on experience focused on SQL.
• SetFocus projects are real world projects that are distributed just as I would receive in a position. I received project specifications and was expected to identify best courses of action with deadlines set for completion.
I am Elena Y. I am an Instant DBMS Assignment Expert at databasehomeworkhelp.com. I hold a Master’s Degree in Programming, from Leeds, UK. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 9 years. I solve assignments related to Instant DBMS.
Visit databasehomeworkhelp.com or email info@databasehomeworkhelp.com. You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Instant DBMS Assignment.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Digital Artifact 2 - Investigating Pavilion Designs
DATABASE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT - By Hansa Edirisinghe
1. DATABASE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT
BSc(Hons) Assignment
2011
DATABASE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT
Hansa K. Edirisinghe
BSc (Hons) University of Portsmouth, UK
10/17/2013
2. CASE STUDY
ABC ONLINE ORDERING AND DELIVERY SYSTEM
ABC, a multinational hypermarket based in Singapore, is intending to implement an online ordering and
delivery system. To do this, it needs to design and build a database with the following functional
requirements:
(i)
Maintaining Customer Details
It maintains customer records with their identification number, names and addresses, (including the
country in which they live), date of birth, gender, telephone no, and email address. ABC has both
corporate customers and individual customers.
(ii)
Order processing
Customers are to be able to browse the product catalogue and place orders over the Internet. After
reaching the website, customers should first identify themselves by their unique customer
identification number and password. Then they should be able to browse the catalogue and to place
orders online.
The Product catalogue includes all the products sold by ABC. For each product there is a unique
product number recorded as well as the product name, make and unit price. An additional attribute
of photograph number will also used so that photographs of the items can be displayed on the web
site.
(iii) Payment particulars
On receipt of the order the system produces a delivery note that contains the product details,
quantity ordered, customer details etc. This information is confirmed with the customer via the
website at the time of ordering.
(iv)
All payments are made by credit card. Once payment is confirmed by the payment site, the delivery
is confirmed and details sent to the dispatch department.
Delivery system
ABC uses its own delivery vehicles for delivery.
For delivery fleet, it records information about its own vehicles. It also records information about
its Drivers, who are identified by a unique driver number. Each driver has a name, home address,
date of birth and country.
A vehicle (identified by vehicle number, make and year of manufacture) may be used whenever it is
available. It is possible for any vehicle to be used more than once on a given day. Any vehicle can
be used by any driver any number of times each day.
Each time a driver takes out a vehicle, he/she takes several delivery orders. Any number of
deliveries can be made during a trip. An address of the delivery order is recorded for each stop,
together with the delivery order number. A driver will stop at an address only once during one trip.
However, it is possible for stops to be made at the same address on different trips.
3. Each time a vehicle is taken out, the driver can incur expenses of allowed types (eg. fuel cost). Each
expense type has code number. The amount and code number are recorded each time an expense is
incurred. There may be one or more expenses incurred during the same trip.
(v)
Inventory
ABC has a number of warehouses in different countries. Stocks are maintained at these warehouses.
Each warehouse is identified by a unique number.
ABC maintains the records of its suppliers with Supplier id, Supplier name, address and contact no.
When a particular product‟s quantity on hand falls below a predefined value, a purchase order is
issued by the dispatch to the supplier. If a product has multiple suppliers, the purchase order is sent
to the supplier currently charging the least for the product and who has sufficient stock to meet the
order.
Although in most cases only one supplier would supply a particular product, there are some cases
where the same product is obtained from more than one supplier.
QUESTION 1
In the design of the centralized database the first step is drawing the conceptual model, the EER
diagram.
With reference to the case study given above, perform the following tasks:
(a)
Identify all the real world entities giving a candidate key and suitable attributes for each
entity).
(N.B. A maximum of 6 attributes should be given for each entity)
(b)
Identify a weak entity present in the case study and determine its owning relationship.
(c)
Identify any one relationship with a cardinality ratio1: 1.
(d)
Identify any one relationship with cardinality ratio 1: M.
(e)
Identify any one relationship with cardinality ratio N: M.
(f)
Identify the Super/ subtype entities available in the given scenario. Also identify the constraints on
the generalization/specialization as either disjointed or overlapped.
(g)
Identify any one possible ternary relationship in the given scenario.
(h)
Draw a complete EER diagram.
Marks will be awarded for all the relationships (with the cardinality ratio of the relationships)
among the entities and all the components of the EERD as answered in Q1a to Q1 g).
4. Entities and weak entities
Relationships (1:1, 1: M and N: M)
Super type/subtype entities
Ternary relationship
QUESTION 2: Design of centralized relational database using bottom up method
(a)
Identify a single un-normalized relation for the above scenario.
(b)
Identify the primary key for the un-normalized relation.
(c)
Identify all functional dependencies available in the above scenario.
(d)
From identified functional dependencies, produce a set of Boyce Coad Normal form relations.
BCNF. (No need to do 1NF, 2NF and 3NF).
QUESTION 3
ABC is planning to start two more branches in Hong Kong and Malaysia. The branch at Singapore will
remain as the main branch. ABC proposes to establish a distributed database instead of the centralized
database. The system requirements for this are given below.
(i) Customers have to be attached to the branches based on the country in which they are living.
(ii) Each branch will be linked to the warehouses in its country.
(iii) Each branch will maintain its own inventory. When the products on hand go below a permitted
value, each branch will send their requirements to the main branch which will purchase the
products from the suppliers.
(iv) The main branch will prepare the Product catalogue. The products are priced once a year by the
main branch.
(v) ABC branches will take over the delivery function in these countries and hence vehicles and drivers
are to be maintained by the branches.
(vi) A Customer can place an order at any branch .The order will be transmitted to the respective branch
to which the customer is attached and delivery will be handled by that branch.
(vii) The products sold will be identical in all the three branches as in the main branch.
Write a report to the senior management of ABC, detailing the design of fragments, allocation of
fragments, advantages of the proposed distributed database over the existing centralized database and its
limitations.
Your report should be between 500 and 750 words long. You will be penalized if your report lies outside
these boundaries.
Report must include the followings:
5. (a)
Design of suitable fragments of the distributed database for ABC.
List of fragments includes necessary horizontal and derived horizontal fragments.
(b)
Allocation of fragments to the Branches.
(c)
Advantages and limitations of using distributed database.
6. Table of Content
Question 1………………………………………………………………………………1
Question 2………………………………………………………………………………5
Question 3………………………………………………………………………………7
Page 1 of 8
7. Question 1
(a) Realworld entities, candidate keys and suitable attributes for each entities.
Customer (Cus_id, Cus_name, Cus_gender, Cus_dob, Cus_address (address, Country),
{Cus_contact}, email)
Corporate_cus
Individual_cus
Order_detail (Cus_order_num, Qty_ordered)
Product (Prod_id, Prod_name, Prod_make, Prod_price)
Prod_Photo (Phot_Id)
Supplier (Sup_id, Sup_name, Sup_address, Sup_contact)
Credit_card (Card_no, Exp_date)
Warehouse (Wh_code, Wh_address (address, country))
Driver (Driv_no, Driv_name, Driv_address, Driv_dob, Driv_country)
Vehicle (Vehi_no, Vehi_make, Vehi_year_mani)
Expense (Exp_code, Exp_type, Exp_amount)
(b) Weak entity and its owning relationships
Prod_Photo is the weak entity and Product would be its strong entity. The Phot_Id of
Prod_Photo cannot exist without a product. But a product can exist without a photo.
Assumption: One product can have several photos in the database
Relationship between
Strong Entity
Weak entity
Partial Key
Product and Prod_Photo
Product
Prod_Photo
Phot_Id
(c) Ratio 1:1 relationships in the scenario
Relationship between
Vehicle and Driver
(d) Ratio 1: M relationships in the scenario
Relationship between
Relationship between
Relationship between
Relationship between
Relationship between
Customer and Order_detail
Customer and Credit_card
Credit_card and Order_detail
Driver and Order_detail
Prod_Photo and Product
(e) Ratio N:M relationships in the scenario
Relationship between
Relationship between
Order_detail and Product
Warehouse and Product
Page 2 of 8
8. Relationship between
Relationship between
Relationship between
Relationship between
Warehouse and Supplier
Supplier and Product
Expense and Driver
Expense and Vehicle
(f) Super/ Subtype entities and constrains on the globalization / specialization as either
disjointed or overlapped
Super Entity
Sub Entities
Customer
Corporate_cus, Individual_cus
(g) Ternary Relationships in the scenario
Relationship between
Relationship between
Relationship between
Warehouse and Product
Warehouse and Supplier
Supplier and Product
Page 3 of 8
10. Question 2
(a) Un-normalized relation
Order(Cus_id, Cus_order_num, Prod_id, Sup_id, Card_no, Wh_code, Driv_no, Vehi_no,
Exp_code, Cus_name, Cus_gender, Cus_dob, Cus_address, Cus_contact, email,
Qty_ordered, Prod_name, Prod_make, Prod_price, Phot_Id, Sup_name, Sup_address,
Sup_contact, Exp_date, Wh_address, Driv_name, Driv_address, Driv_dob, Driv_country,
Vehi_make, Vehi_year_mani, Exp_type, Exp_amount, Cus_password)
(b) Primary key for un-normalized relation
Cus_id, Cus_order_num, Prod_id, Sup_id, Card_no, Wh_code, Driv_no, Vehi_no, Exp_code
Above primary key is a composite primary key.
Assumptions: There should not contain any NULL values for the primary key. So if a record
exists with not values applicable to its composite primary keys the cell value contains with
“N/A”
e.g. When we enter an order we will get values to Cus_id, Cus_order_num, Prod_id, Card_no
But we do not get values for the Sup_id, Wh_code, Driv_no, Vehi_no, Exp_code in the same
record. So we can fill them with “N/A” because they are composite primary keys.
(c) Functional dependencies
Cus_order_num { Qty_ordered, Cus_id, Prod_id, Driv_no}
Cus_order_num, Cus_id { Cus_password}
Cus_id { Cus_name, Cus_gender, Cus_dob, Cus_address, Cus_contact, email, Card_no }
Card_no { Card_no, Exp_date, Cus_id }
Prod_id { Prod_name, Prod_make, Prod_price, }
Wh_code { Wh_address }
Sup_id { Sup_name, Sup_address, Sup_contact }
Driv_no { Driv_name, Driv_address, Driv_dob, Driv_country }
Vehi_no { Vehi_make, Vehi_year_mani, Driv_no }
Exp_code { Exp_type, Exp_amount }
(d) Set of Boyce Coad Normal form relation
Order_detail (Cus_order_num, Qty_ordered, Prod_id, Cus_id, Card_no, Driv_no)
Credit_card (Card_no, Exp_date)
Customer (Cus_id, Cus_name, Cus_gender, Cus_dob, Cus_address, Cus_contact, Email)
Product (Prod_id, Prod_name, Prod_make, Prod_price, Phot_Id, Wh_code, Sup_id)
Prod_Photo (Phot_Id)
Supplier (Sup_id, Sup_name, Sup_address, Sup_contact)
Warehouse (Wh_code, Wh_address)
Driver (Driv_no, Driv_name, Driv_address, Driv_dob, Driv_country, Vehi_no, Exp_code)
Page 5 of 8
12. Question 3
Centralized database
The data which are stored in one database in a single a location is call centralized database.
Because of that all the client machines access to the main database to retrieve the data. All the
data entries, update and delete functions should be done to the centralized database. If centralized
database corrupted, it will affect to the whole system. This situation will affect to the function of
Hong Kong, Malaysia and Main branch in Singapore. This may be loose the all the production
and inventory history, if they did not maintain backups correctly. As a solution, if we use cluster
server if the WAN down it will affect the clients to get the information.
Figure 1 - Network architecture of ABC centralized database
Why do centralized database not suitable for ABC ?
There are three branches for ABC Company including the main branch. There are lots of
members‟ accesses to the database at the same time from different locations. If some problem
occurs with the central database, customers can not access and order products from any branch
through the system. It will put customers in a trouble and customers could be work no longer
with them.
Distributed database
Distributed database is collection of logically interrelated databases that contains collection of
data files which are physically located in different sites in a computer network. Distributed
database management system synchronizes all the data periodically and it will check whether the
changes in database are update automatically in all the places. So the users can access the
relevant data without interfering with one and another.
Page 7 of 8
13. Figure 2 -Network architecture of ABC distributed database
(a)
Suitable fragments of the distributed database for ABC
When using distributed database, we have to concern on how to distribute the database among
the regions. Several techniques are used to perform the fragmentation, replication and allocation
of the database into each branch. Fragmentation mean dividing the database into logical units
called fragments that can be stored in various branch locations. Storing of same data in several
lactations is called the data replication and allocating the fragments/replicas in the branch
locations is called the allocation.
Following database is derived from the question 1ABC online ordering and delivery system and
changed it to fulfill the given branch needs.
Customer (Cus_id, Cus_name, Cus_gender, Cus_dob, Cus_address, Cus_contact,email,
Cus_type)
Corporate_cus (Cus_id, Cus_name, Cus_gender, Cus_dob, Cus_address, Cus_contact,email,
Cus_type)
Individual_cus (Cus_id, Cus_name, Cus_gender, Cus_dob, Cus_address, Cus_contact,email,
Cus_type)
Credit_card (Card_no, Exp_date, Cus_cardType)
Order_detail (Cus_order_num, Qty_ordered)
Product (Prod_id, Prod_name, Prod_make, Prod_price)
Prod_Photo (Phot_Id)
Page 8 of 8
14. Supplier (Sup_id, Sup_name, Sup_address, Sup_contact)
Warehouse (Wh_code, Wh_address)
Driver (Driv_no, Driv_name, Driv_address, Driv_dob, Driv_country)
Vehicle (Vehi_no, Vehi_make, Vehi_year_mani)
Expense (Exp_code, Exp_type, Exp_amount)
Branch (Branch_id, Br_country, Type, Pro_id)
Product_catalog(Pro_id, Pro_name, Pro_price, price_year)
Good_requirement(Req_id, qty_request, request_date, total_cost, Branch_id, Sup_id)
Assumptions:
Good_requirement can only exist with the Branch_id wish belongs to main branch.
Product_catalog records does only exists with Branch_id wish belongs to main branch.
Fields contains with “N/A”
In the above relational schema „Corporate_cus‟ and „Individual_cus‟ are „Customer‟. Therefore
we can consider „Customer‟ as a relation to distribute the database to horizontal fragments
Cus_id
C0001
C0002
C0003
C0004
C0005
C0006
Cus_name
AA
BB
CC
DD
EE
FF
Cus_gender
Male
Male
Female
Female
Female
Male
Cus_dob
1777
1888
1999
1222
1333
1444
:- Cus_Country = Singapore
Cus_contact
1888
1999
7771
6661
4441
8881
email
Aab
Bbc
Ccd
Dde
eef
ffg
Cus_type
Corporate
Corporate
Corporate
Individual
Individual
Individual
Cus_Country
Singapore
Singapore
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Malaysia
:- Cus_Country = Hong Kong
:- Cus_Country = Malaysia
By using the bellow fragmentation we can fragment the database according to branch wise. It
will split the redundant data which that particle branch not using, and the fragmentation will
filter only the data which the branch need.
Horizontal fragmentation of „Customer‟ table to Singapore, Hong Kong and Malaysia
Branches
o
o
o
Sin_Customer σ Cus_Country = Singapore (Customer)
Hong _Customer σ Cus_Country = Hong Kong (Customer)
Mala_Customer σ Cus_Country = Malaysia (Customer)
Using the same method the „Corporate_cus‟ Relation can be horizontally fragmented as
below
o
Sin_Corporate_cus σ
Cus_Country = Singapore (Corporate_cus)
Page 9 of 8
15. o
o
Hong_Corporate_cus σ Cus_Country = Hong Kong (Corporate_cus)
Mala_Corporate_cus σ Cus_Country = Malaysia (Corporate_cus)
Similarly we can fragment „Individual_cus‟ also using horizontal fragmentation.
o
o
o
Sin_Individual_cus σ Cus_Country = Singapore (Individual_cus)
Hong_Individual_cus σ Cus_Country = Hong Kong (Individual_cus)
Mala_Individual_cus σ Cus_Country = Malaysia (Individual_cus)
The „Customer‟, „Corporate_cus‟ and „Individual_cus‟ are the primary relations that have the
„Credit_card‟ attribute which was used to fragment the database. As the patient relation is the
super type of visa, master relations, and the primary relation (Credit_card) is related to those
secondary relations (visa, master) via a foreign key. So those secondary relations can also be
fragmented in the same way. That is called „derived horizontal fragmentation‟
o
o
o
o
o
o
visa_Sin_Corporate_cus σ Cus_cardType = visa (Sin_Corporate_cus)
master_Sin_Corporate_cus σ Cus_cardType = master (Sin_Corporate_cus)
visa_Hong_Corporate_cus σ Cus_cardType = visa (Hong_Corporate_cus)
master_Hong_Corporate_cus σ Cus_cardType = master (Hong_Corporate_cus)
visa_Mala_Corporate_cus σ Cus_cardType = visa (Mala_Corporate_cus)
master_Mala_Corporate_cus σ Cus_cardType = master (Mala_Corporate_cus)
By using the same derived horizontal fragmentation, we can fragment Individual_cus as
bellow.
o
o
o
o
o
o
visa_Sin_Individual_cus σ Cus_cardType = visa (Sin_Individual_cus)
master_Sin_Individual_cus σ Cus_cardType = master (Sin_Individual_cus)
visa_Hong_Individual_cus σ Cus_cardType = visa (Hong_Individual_cus)
master_Hong_Individual_cus σ Cus_cardType = master (Hong_Individual_cus)
visa_Mala_Individual_cus σ Cus_cardType = visa (Mala_Individual_cus)
master_Mala_Individual_cus σ Cus_cardType = master (Mala_Individual_cus)
(b) What is allocation of fragmentation to the branches?
The whole database will be allocated to main branch in order to make the decision making, and
report generation easy. The other branches will have no replicated fragments stored.
(c) Advantages and limitations of using distributed database
Advantages of using distributed database
o Faster Response
When the use tries to access a particular data, the nearest location distributed database provides
the information to the user. So it will save the time.
Page 10 of 8
16. o Local autonomy
If anything happened to a branch database or if there is a maintenance going with branch
database, the branch cannot operate with its database. Each country controls its data, security,
logging and recovery.
o Location Transparency
There is no chance for the user to get to know about the data location.
o Increased Reliability and availability
If one branch database down, it will not affect to the other branches. So the data will available all
the time.
o Sharer ability
It will allow the user to access the data which is stored in the other sites.
o Expandability
If ABC wants to add some more branches they can easily add without interruption to the other
branches.
o Lower communication cost
Operating cost will be reduced
o More Flexible
It will increase the security since the database access from the various locations and different
applications.
Limitations of using distributed database
o Waste of storage place
As for the each branch, a new database storage place should be designed, it will be a waste of the
storage place.
Reference
http://www.bremuz.ru/ (2011) Received on 24th July 2011from
http://www.bremuz.ru/webdbapps2-APP-E-SECT-2.html
OPEN Process Framework (2011) Received on 25th July 2011from
http://www.opfro.org/Components/WorkProducts/DiagramSet/Design/DataDesignDiagram/Data
DesignDiagram.html
about.com (2011) Received on 29th July 2011from
http://databases.about.com/od/specificproducts/a/normalization.htm
Page 11 of 8
17. www.emunix.emich.edu/ (2011) Received on 30th July 2011from
http://www.emunix.emich.edu/~khailany/files/Normalization.htm
Elmasri, R. & Navathe S. B. (2009) Fundamentals of Database Systems, 5th edition, India :
Dorling Kindersley
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