Drill string failures can cause major time and cost losses. This document discusses various types of drill string failures including tension, torsion, fatigue, corrosion, and sulfide stress cracking. It emphasizes the importance of selecting proper components, operating within design limits, inspecting for damage, and taking preventative measures like reducing stress concentrations and corrosive environments to extend the life of drill strings and prevent unexpected failures.
my presentation about kick tolerance and contain 3 videos
the reference (well drilling & construction) Hussain Rabia
and weatherford essay & videos from youtube
Complete Casing Design with types of casing, casing properties, casing functions, design criteria and properties used for designing and one numerical problem
Operacioes de deteccion de Punto libre y string shotManuel Hernandez
Punto Libre
El punto libre en una Sarta es conocida como la profundidad a partir de donde esta libre la tubería durante un atascamiento de la tubería y esta puede ser definida ya sea por medio de una herramienta (Registro) y/o por medio de un calculo practico.
String Shot
Una técnica ampliamente usada casos de pega de tuberías es la detonación de una carga explosiva (cordón detonante o vibración) en una junta de tubería que se encuentra con torsión izquierda arriba del punto de atrapamiento. La vibración de la explosión afloja la unión, cuando se tiene torsión inversa se logra la desconexión.
This slide would teach the well control method during drilling operations, and the shut-in procedure in case of a kick. Please note that shut-in procedure may vary from site to site depending on the equipment available and the site regulations but whatever the situation, this is the general procedure for well control during drilling. Enjoy!
BIT HYDRAULICS ANALYSIS FOR EFFICIENT HOLE CLEANINGMahmood Ajabbar
Abstract
This project was helpful for the student to get knowledge in general about the petroleum engineer and how to calculate the pressure loss of the system as well as the section of the optimum nozzle for the drill bit this assignment will help a lot the drilling engineer in future. Furthermore, this project helps to solve the challenges that faced the petroleum engineer in real life. However, in this project, the student learned how to deal with errors and converted to the advantage and overcome with better results. From the given data the optimum mud flow rates and the nozzle sizes should be designed for drilling at various depths until the end of the section. The nozzle areas of hydraulics horsepower for surface casing was 0.27 〖in〗^2, and for the intermediate casing are 0.23〖in〗^2 and 0,17〖in〗^2, and the last optimum nozzle area for the production which has been calculated is 0.2〖in〗^2. Last but not less this assignment was helpful l for students to get knowledge about drilling hydraulics. Nozzle configuration appears to have an effect on penetration rate. Several authors have described improved drill rates with extended or blanked nozzle bits. However, presently used criteria have been unable to account for these improved drill rates. in fact, has suggested a different optimum may exist for each nozzle size. Drill cuttings in the wellbore cause wear and tear to the drill string and this reduces the rate of penetration; therefore, there is a need for efficient bottom hole cleaning. During a drilling operation, optimization of hydraulic horsepower at the drill bit is adopted to enhance bottom hole cleaning and to increase the rate of penetration. Optimum drilling conditions are achieved using either the maximum horsepower criterion or the hydraulic jet impact force criterion.
Fatigue in aerospace materials.
Materials Science and Engineering.
Metallography and failure analysis.
Research and development.
Credit: Prof. Dr. Anjum Tauqir (R)
my presentation about kick tolerance and contain 3 videos
the reference (well drilling & construction) Hussain Rabia
and weatherford essay & videos from youtube
Complete Casing Design with types of casing, casing properties, casing functions, design criteria and properties used for designing and one numerical problem
Operacioes de deteccion de Punto libre y string shotManuel Hernandez
Punto Libre
El punto libre en una Sarta es conocida como la profundidad a partir de donde esta libre la tubería durante un atascamiento de la tubería y esta puede ser definida ya sea por medio de una herramienta (Registro) y/o por medio de un calculo practico.
String Shot
Una técnica ampliamente usada casos de pega de tuberías es la detonación de una carga explosiva (cordón detonante o vibración) en una junta de tubería que se encuentra con torsión izquierda arriba del punto de atrapamiento. La vibración de la explosión afloja la unión, cuando se tiene torsión inversa se logra la desconexión.
This slide would teach the well control method during drilling operations, and the shut-in procedure in case of a kick. Please note that shut-in procedure may vary from site to site depending on the equipment available and the site regulations but whatever the situation, this is the general procedure for well control during drilling. Enjoy!
BIT HYDRAULICS ANALYSIS FOR EFFICIENT HOLE CLEANINGMahmood Ajabbar
Abstract
This project was helpful for the student to get knowledge in general about the petroleum engineer and how to calculate the pressure loss of the system as well as the section of the optimum nozzle for the drill bit this assignment will help a lot the drilling engineer in future. Furthermore, this project helps to solve the challenges that faced the petroleum engineer in real life. However, in this project, the student learned how to deal with errors and converted to the advantage and overcome with better results. From the given data the optimum mud flow rates and the nozzle sizes should be designed for drilling at various depths until the end of the section. The nozzle areas of hydraulics horsepower for surface casing was 0.27 〖in〗^2, and for the intermediate casing are 0.23〖in〗^2 and 0,17〖in〗^2, and the last optimum nozzle area for the production which has been calculated is 0.2〖in〗^2. Last but not less this assignment was helpful l for students to get knowledge about drilling hydraulics. Nozzle configuration appears to have an effect on penetration rate. Several authors have described improved drill rates with extended or blanked nozzle bits. However, presently used criteria have been unable to account for these improved drill rates. in fact, has suggested a different optimum may exist for each nozzle size. Drill cuttings in the wellbore cause wear and tear to the drill string and this reduces the rate of penetration; therefore, there is a need for efficient bottom hole cleaning. During a drilling operation, optimization of hydraulic horsepower at the drill bit is adopted to enhance bottom hole cleaning and to increase the rate of penetration. Optimum drilling conditions are achieved using either the maximum horsepower criterion or the hydraulic jet impact force criterion.
Fatigue in aerospace materials.
Materials Science and Engineering.
Metallography and failure analysis.
Research and development.
Credit: Prof. Dr. Anjum Tauqir (R)
Fatigue is important as it is the largest cause of failure in metals, estimated to comprise approximately 90% of all metallic failures; polymers and ceramics are also susceptible to this type of failure.
Bolts are widely used as critical load transferring components. Despite the importance to integrity and safety, little attention has been paid to the correct use of bolts and bolting materials.
Casing Wear: Causes, Prediction and Preventionpvisoftware
Casing wear creates more serious problems for operators due to its potential catastrophic incidents such as oil spills, blow outs or loss of the well. Check out the this white paper to see how the casing wear model is applied in the software, as well as casing wear preventive measures, and more.
Simulation of Critical Crack Length Propagation Using Fracture Mechanicsijceronline
The focus of this paper is to investigate and analyze the study on the plate of steel, Aluminum and Epoxy with a center crack. Linear elastic fracture mechanics principles have been used for calculating Stress Intensity Factor, Critical crack length, Increment in crack, Mean stress and strain Amplitude at critical fatigue load cycles. Above calculations will be done on the plate with centre crack of various materials (steel, aluminum and epoxy) to predict crack length to evaluate and to compare the results with theoretical calculations. .Conclusions/results obtained on the basis of analysis.
Hello Friends,
Please find Basics of Pipe stress analysis, this is in continuation to earlier posts (Walk through Piping & pipe Stress). If all read in conjunction, shall give you a very good OVERVIEW of pipe stress analysis.
Next will target individual equipment connected piping stress analysis methodology.
This presentation runs through case studies illustrating why machine failures are an invaluable source of knowledge. Yes, it comes at an expense, downtime, repairs and can have a significant impact on safety. However, it is the key lessons from a failure investigation that drive continuous improvement and, with it, commercial success and an environment where safety is paramount.
The studies draw on the concept of the price of non-conformance and why solely focusing on commercial short term gain can ultimately lead to long term pain. This is particularly true for critical assets that can affect production and safety if something goes wrong.
This is a USEFUL document for drilling engineers, inspectors and rig crew in order to help about recognizing their drill pipe common defects, their usual effects, probable causes and possible corrections, are listed and to do something about them in time. Thanks, TuboScope.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
2. Objectives
On completion of this module you will be able to:
Indentify different types of Drill String failure
Understand the factors that influence the life of Drill String
components
Describe the prevention measures to prevent DS failure and
extend its lifeextend its life
3. Introduction
Premature and unexpected failures of drill strings cause
great losses in time and material.
Reducing drill string failures will improve rig operating
performance and reduce expenses
4. The “ADIOS”* Elements
Attributes: These are the metallurgical properties and dimensions
that are built into each drill string component at manufacturing.
Design: Drill string design is selecting components and configuring
assemblies to accomplish the drilling objective.
Inspection: Drill string components, unless new, have been exposed
to handling damage and an unknown amount of cumulative fatigueto handling damage and an unknown amount of cumulative fatigue
damage.
Operation: The Drilling operation presents many opportunities to
overload and misuse the drill String.
Surroundings: The chemical and mechanical environment
surrounding the drill String can have major effect on failure
probability.
* TH Hill
5. What is a Drill String Failure?
What is a Drill String Failure?
a.When a component cannot perform its function
b.Complete separation (parting)
c. Leak (washout)
UTC
c. Leak (washout)
Location?
a.Tube body, Tool Joint or Threads
b.Any drillString component
6. Failure Types
Mechanisms which can cause failures:
Tension
Torsion
UTC
Torsion
Sulfide Stress Cracking
Fatigue
Other Causes
7. Group 1 Mechanisms (Overload failures):
Acts only if stresses in a component exceeds some
fairly high stress threshold
DS Failure Mechanisms
UTC
Tension
Torsion
Collapse Pressure
Burst Pressure
Combined Tension and Torsion
Combined Tension and Collapse
8. Group 2 Mechanisms:
Can occurs at low stress level
Fatigue
Split Box
DS Failure Mechanisms
UTC
Split Box
Sulfide Stress Cracking (Corrosion failure)
Stress Corrosion Cracking (Corrosion failure)
10. Overload:
A condition in which the bulk stress in a component
exceeds yield strength at the weakest point in the
component.
Overload and Fatigue
UTC
component.
Fatigue
Damage that accumulates when a component undergoes
cyclic stress. At some point, cumulative damage results in
the formation of a fatigue crack which can grow under
continuing stress cycles until failure occurs.
11. Tensile failures occur when the tensile load exceeds the capacity
of the weakest component in the drill String.
Occasionally the pin will fail if the connection was made up
beyond recommended torque.
Tensile Failures
UTC
How do you recognize a Tensile failure?
12. Tensile Failure
Appearance : Jagged and
Necked down
Orientation: 45 deg to pipe
axis
UTC
Pin stretched due excess tension
and/or high make up torque
Box do not fail in tension
13. Select drill pipe that is capable of carrying the
anticipated loads plus a Margin of Over-pull plus a
design factor.
Use a marking system that shows tube weight and
grade. Check pin markings to make sure that the
Responding to Tensile Failures
UTC
grade. Check pin markings to make sure that the
weight and grade are correct.
Make sure that the rig weight indicator is calibrated
properly and does not exceed the allowable tensile
load.
14. API Standard tool joints are 80% as strong in torsion as
the tube to which they are attached.
Therefore in all cases, torsional failures will occur in
tool joints.
Torsional Failures
UTC
tool joints.
15. Torsional Failures
Torsional stress limit is exceeded.
Failures occur in form of stretched pin or belled box (swelling).
Torsional failures usually occur in the tool joint.
UTC
16. Select tool joint ID and OD so that the maximum makeup torque
exceeds the maximum anticipated torsion.
Check tool joints to ensure that they meet with all the dimensional
requirements.
Make sure torque application device is working and calibrated properly.
Responding to Torsional Failures
UTC
Make sure torque application device is working and calibrated properly.
Use API tool joint compound with a FF between 0.95 and 1.05 or
compensate the applied torque accordingly.
Make up connections to recommended torque.
19. Drill pipe tubes may burst or collapse if pressure loading exceeds
capacity.
Burst is more likely to happen when pipe is high in the hole
Collapse is most likely to happen deep in hole, evacuated for drill
String testing.
Burst and Collapse Failures
UTC
String testing.
20. Wear
If during drilling significant wear is expected then
tools can be run to measure wall thickness reduction.
Collapse and burst pressures will be determined by
the thinnest part of the wall, tensile strength by the
remaining cross sectional area.remaining cross sectional area.
Determined by
minimum wall
thickness
Burst strength
Tensile strength
determined by
remaining area.
21. Wear Prevention
Reducing side force by minimizing DLS (especially high up in the
hole) and using drillpipe protectors.
Using drilling fluids containing solids (weighted)
Always using sharp tong diesAlways using sharp tong dies
Minimizing rotating hours (use down-hole motors)
Run a “casing friendly” hardbanding material on tool joints
22. With the obvious exception of tool joint to tube welds, welded
components in the drill string should be avoided.
Weld Related Failures
Welding alters the mechanical properties unless the component is re-heat
treated.
23. Group 2 Mechanism
Can occur at low stress levels:
Fatigue
Split box
UTC
Split box
Sulfide Stress Cracking
Stress Corrosion Cracking
24. Fatigue - contributing factors
Sources of Cyclic Loads
Fatigue damaged is caused by repeated
stress cycles.
Usually occurred when the string is rotated
UTC
Usually occurred when the string is rotated
and at the same time it is bent or buckled.
Fatigue may result from excessive vibration
25. Stress concentrators….The accelerators of fatigue:
Stress concentrators focus and magnify the cyclic stress at local points.
These points become the origin of fatigue cracks, which act as their
own concentrators, to speed crack growth to ultimate failure.
Stress Concentrators
UTC
Internal upsets, thread roots, slip cuts and corrosion pits are the most
common stress concentrators
26. Fatigue
Under cycle loading, microscopic damage at high stress
points…
A microscopic crack forms…
The crack grows under continuing stress cycles until a
UTC
The crack grows under continuing stress cycles until a
failure occurs.
27. A fatigue crack will be smooth and planar, unless the surface is altered
by erosion or mechanical damage.
The crack will be oriented perpendicular to the axis of the pipe or
connection.
Fatigue cracks will originate at high stress concentrators namely,
Recognizing Fatigue Failures
Fatigue cracks will originate at high stress concentrators namely,
internal upsets, slip cuts and corrosion pits.
A fatigue crack surface will clearly show mode of attack. Ratchet marks
appear when small multiple cracks join to form a large one.
28. Fatigue in connection
Shape and Appearance:
Flat planar shape. Maybe accompanied by ragged area where
component parted in tension
Location
UTC
Location
BHA Connections…Near last engaged thread roots
Orientation
Perpendicular to the pipe axis
31. Recognizing Stress Concentrators
Cyclic loading causes very
small cracks.
With repeated cycles, the
cracks grow.
UTC
Fatigue is cumulative.
Fatigue cracks occur in a 90
degree plane to axis of pipe.
33. Fatigue cannot be eliminated:
REDUCE THE NUMBER AND SEVERITY OF CYCLIC AND STRESS
CONCENTRATORS
Do not buckle Drill-pipe / Jar
Plan the trajectory with the lowest dogleg severity
Prevention of Fatigue Failures
Ensure good rig site operation practices
Check BSR and SR, stress relief features
Chose the right connection type (NC)
Follow inspection program
Consider rotating the string more slowly, by means of introducing a
mud motor (if hole cleaning and directional objectives allow).
34. Corrosion
Higher temperature. Rates double for each 31°C.
Higher flow rate, especially if abrasive solids present.
Corrosion occurs due to electrochemical reactions with corrosive agents.
Corrosion rate increases when:
Higher concentration of corrosive agents (O2, H2S, CO2).
Corrosion rate decreases when:
Reducing dissolved O2
Reducing dissolved CO2
Increasing pH to > 9
Add coatings and inhibitors
35. Corrosion
Corrosion reduces the wall thickness of tubular.
There are three patterns of corrosion;
Uniform wall thickness reduction
Localized patterns of metal lossLocalized patterns of metal loss
Pitting
36. SSC / H2S Embrittlement
Exposure of high tensile steels to partial pressures of H2S
greater than 0.05 psi at less than a threshold pressure (which
varies by steel grade) can lead to catastrophic failure.
The metal becomes brittle and will break suddenly and without
warning.
UTC
warning.
38. Sulfide Stress Cracking
Occurs in H2S environment
Elemental hydrogen (H +) migrates into steel and
+++
+⇒+ HFeSSHFe 22
Elemental hydrogen (H +) migrates into steel and
collects at high stress points
Elemental hydrogen combines to form molecular
hydrogen (H 2) causing a crack.
222 HeH ⇒++
39. Preventing Corrosion
Corrosive attention usually falls into one or more of the areas below:
OXYGEN
pH
CO2 AND CHLORIDES
UTC
CO2 AND CHLORIDES
HYDROGEN SULFIDE
BARRIERS and INHIBITORS
40. Preventing SSC Failures
Keep H2S out of the mud system by:
i) drilling overbalanced
ii) keeping pH high
iii) using H2S scavengersiii) using H2S scavengers
iv) using an oil based mud
Control the Metallurgy
Use a different grade pipe
41. Why Inspect Connections/tubes?
Guarantee the integrity of our connections
Avoid lost in hole
Avoid tool damage such as flooding & washouts
To assess threads for repair
Customer requirements
42. Inspection Methods
Ultrasonic (wall thickness)
Magnetic Particle (cracks in thread roots and stress relief features)
Liquid (Dye) Penetrant (thread roots and stress relief features)
Electromagnetic (DP)Electromagnetic (DP)
Visual
43. Follow an Inspection Program
What is a good program?
There is no “Perfect” answer
DS-1 is a guide but not a policy
Areas to consider when creating a program
UTC
Severity of the drilling conditions
Safety and environmental impact of a failure
Cost impact of a failure
Risk tolerance of management
44. References
API RP 7G Drill String Design and Op Limits
API SPEC 7 Specifications for Rotary Drilling Elements
API SPEC 5D Specifications for Drill Pipe
SLB Drill String Design manualSLB Drill String Design manual
TH Hill DS-1 Drill String Design