The document provides an overview of the human skeletal system, detailing its two main parts: the axial skeleton, comprising 80 bones including the skull, vertebral column, and ribs, and the appendicular skeleton, containing 126 bones including the limbs and girdles. It describes the types and functions of various bones and joints, highlighting the differences between fixed, slightly movable, and freely movable joints, along with their specific examples. Additionally, it categorizes six types of freely movable synovial joints based on their movement capabilities.

1. SKLETAL SYSTEM
N A M E – O M PAT E L
R E G N O . – 1 1 9 0 1 3 7 0
R O L L N O . – 1 1

2. AXIAL SKELETON
• Longitudinal Axis of the Body. (except arms and legs)
• It contains 80 bones.
Skull – 22
Vertebral Column- 33
Ribs- 24
Sternum- 1

3. SKULL
The skull supports the structures of the face and provides a
protective cavity for the brain. The skull consist of 22 bones.
The skull is divided in two type of Bones
• 8 Cranial Bones
• 14 Facial Bones

4. CRANIAL BONES (8)
• Frontal Bone
• Parietal Bone
• Occipital Bone
• Temporal Bone
• Sphenoid Bone
• Ethmoid Bone

5. FACIAL BONE (14)
• Inferior nasal concha
• Lacrimal
• Mandible
• Maxilla
• Nasal
• Palatine
• Vomer
• Zygomatic

6. VERTEBRAL COLUMN
The vertebral column usually consists of 33 vertebrae.
It is divided into 5 parts:-
• Cervical - Shown in red (7)
• Thoracic - Shown in blue (12)
• Lumbar - Shown in yellow (5)
• Sacral - Shown in green (5)
• Coccyx - Shown in purple (4)

7. RIBS CAGE
The human rib cage is made up of 12 paired rib bone. the first
seven pairs are often labeled as 'true.' These bones are
connected to the costal cartilage, while the five other 'false'
sets are not. The rib cage has important functions:
• It encloses and protects the heart and lungs.
• It provides a strong framework onto which the muscles of
the shoulder girdle, chest, upper abdomen and back can
attach.

8. APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• It contains bones of both arms and legs.
It contain 126 bones.
Pectoral girdles = 4
Upper Extremity = 60
Pelvic Girdle = 2
Lower Extremity = 60

9. PECTORAL GIRDLES
• Clavicle (2)
• Scapula (2)

10. UPPER EXTREMITY
• Humerus (2)
• Radius (2)
• Ulna (2)
• Carpals (16)
• Metacarpals (10)
• Phalanges (28)

11. PELVIC GIRDLE
Hip bones (2)

12. LOWER EXTREMITY
• Femur (2)
• Tibia (2)
• Fibula (2)
• Patella (2)
• Tarsals (14)
• Metatarsals (10)
• Phalanges (28)

13. JOINTS

14. DEFINITION
It is a site at which any two or more bones articulated is called
Joint.
Types of joint :-
• Fibrous or fixed joint
• Cartilaginous or slightly movable joint
• Synovial or freely movable joint

15. • Fibrous or fixed joint (Immovable)
These joints are held together by though
tissue which develops during childhood.
Examples- Cranium
• Cartilaginous or slightly moveable joint
Here movement is needed but only a
certain point. Example- vertebral column
• Synovial or Freely movable joint
They most flexible type of joint between
bones, because the bones are not physically
connected and can move more freely in
relation to each other. Example- Shoulder

16. TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
Freely Movable Joints can be divided into six groups depending
upon the way they move .
TYPES :-
1. Ball and socket Joint
2. Hinge joint
3. Pivot joint
4. Gliding Joint
5. Saddle Joint
6. Condyloid Joint

17. BALL AND SOCKET JOINT
• It allows the greatest range of
motion.
• In this type of joint, head of bone
fits into socket of another bone.
• Held together by Ligaments and
Tendons
• Example- shoulder and hip Joint

18. HINGE JOINT
• It allows flexion and extension with
only a small amount of rotation.
• Example- Elbow, Knee

19. PIVOT JOINT
• Pivot joint, also called rotary joint
• A freely moveable joint that allows
only rotary movement .

20. GLIDING JOINT
• In this joint the articular surface of bone it
looks flat and move on the another bone in
slipping movement.
• Example- joint between carpal
and joint between tarsals

21. SADDLE JOINT
• The saddle joint allow the
movement of the joint
forward and backward,
right and left.
• Example- joint of thumb

22. CONDYLOID JOINT
• This joint allow movement
in all directions, however
full rotation.
• Example- Wrist joint