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General anatomy of bone mbbs

This document provides an overview of bone anatomy. It discusses the key parts of bones including the epiphysis, diaphysis, and metaphysis. It describes the two types of bone tissue: compact bone which provides structure and support, and spongy bone which is porous and contains marrow. Bones can be classified based on location in the body or shape. The document also reviews bone blood supply and some clinical correlations regarding bone health.

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1st-Year•
GENERAL ANATOMY OF BONE ANATOMY SEMINAR TOPIC NO. 1 PRESENTED BY: SAMARTH MISRA 200121
CONTENTS LEARNING OBJECTIVE SLIDE NO. Introduction & Functions 3 Parts of bone 4 Structure of bone 5 Classification 7 Blood supply 11 Clinical Corelation 12 Bibliography 13
INTRODUCTION : BONE Bone is a hard specialized connective tissue, highly vascularized and mineralized. FUNCTIONS : 1. Rigid framework to the body 2. Provides surface for attachment of muscle, tendons, ligaments. 3. Protection of certain viscera 4. Production of RBCs. 5. Storehouse of Calcium and Phosphorus.
PARTS OF BONE. (General) Epiphysis These are the ends of long bones which ossify from Secondary centre of ossification. Diaphysis The elongated shaft of a long bone which ossifies from a Primary centre of ossification. Metaphysis The epiphysial ends of a diaphysis are called metaphyses. Zone of active growth. Richly supplied with blood during childhood .(thus Osteomyelitis) Epiphysial plate Separates epiphysis from metaphysis. Proliferation on this cartilaginous plate is responsible for lengthwise growth.
THE STRUCTURE OF BONES •Compact (cortical) bone • Compact bone, also known as cortical bone, is the dense part of the bone, which creates the hard structure of the skeleton. • The compact bone is the main structure in the body for support, protection, and movement. Due to the strong nature of compact bone, it is the preferred tissue for strength. • Contains yellow bone marrow which stores fat after puberty.
SPONGY BONE • Spongy bone, also known as cancellous bone, is a very porous type type of bones. It is highly vascularized vascularized and contains Red Bone Bone Marrow. Spongy bone is located located at the ends of the long bones bones (the epiphyses). • Red Bone Marrow produces RBCs, WBCs and Platelets.
CLASSIFICATION Can be classified on the basis of Skeletal location Bone shape • Long bones • Short bones • Flat bones • Irregular bones • Axial skeleton • Appendicular skeleton
AXIAL SKELETON: 1. FORMS LONG AXIS OF THE BODY 2. BONES OF SKULL 3. VERTEBRAL COLUMN 4. RIB CAGE APPENDICULAR SKELETON: 1. BONES OF UPPER AND LOWER LIMBS 2. SHOULDER AND HIP BONES (GIRDLES) 3. ATTACH LIMBS TO AXIAL SKELETON SKELETAL LOCATION
BONE SHAPE
VISUAL REPRESNETATION OF BONE SHAPES
BLOOD SUPPLY NUTRIENT ARTERY : It enters the long bone through the nutrient foramen. It then divides into ascending and descending branches. These branches gives of smaller parallel arteries . The growing ends of bones are directed away from the nutrient foramen. PERIOSTEAL ARTERY : They are numerous and ramify beneath the periosteum. Supply roughly the outer one third of the compact bone of the diaphysis. METAPHYSEAL ARTERY : They are derived from neighboring arteries and enter the metaphysis directly along the attachment of the joint capsule. EPIPHYSEAL ARTERY : They are derived from arterial anastomosis around the joint. They enter the epiphysis either directly or after piercing the epiphyseal cartilage.
CLINICAL CORRELATION • Bone atrophy : The bone becomes thinner and weaker if not used, e.g. bones of a paralyzed limb atrophy. • Bone Fracture: A complete or partial break in a bone. Caused by overuse, trauma or disease that weakens the bone. • Osteomyelitis : It is the infection of bone and commonly occurs in children. Occurs in metaphyses as they are richly supplied with blood, the bacteria attacks the hairpin bends, leading to infarction of bone.
BIBLIOGRAPHY • Textbook of Anatomy by Vishram Singh • Orthopadecisprinciple.com • Handbook of General Anatomy
General anatomy of bone mbbs