anatomy physiology skeletal system yogic corelation yoga diploma education thane ghatkopar

1. ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY – YOGIC CORELATION
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Ghantali Mitra Mandal
Diploma in Yoga Education

2. SKELETAL SYSTEM
 Formed by bones ( hard structures ) and their joints
 Joints – point of contact between 2 bones or a bone & cartilage
( bone like structures but softer ex. earlobes )
 Total no. of bones in human body = 206
 Bones are supplied by nerves, blood & lymphatic vessels

3. SKELETAL SYSTEM - FUNCTIONS
 Forms framework & gives shape to the body
 Protection of vital organs
 Movement.
 Production of R.B.C. ( in the bone marrow )
 Storage of calcium and phosphate.

4. TYPES OF BONE CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLE
FLAT BONES
- thin & flat like a plate
- more surface area skull bones, scapula
IRREGULAR BONES - complex & irregular in
shape
Vertebrae.
LONG BONES
- length is greater than
width,
- some long bones have
soft core inside called
bone marrow
Bones of hands & legs.
SHORT BONES
- small in size-
- cubical in shape
- equal length & width.
Bones of wrist & ankle.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS
TYPES CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLES
FIBROUS JOINTS
Bones held together with fibrous
tissue
Permit no movement
Joints between skull bones
CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
Bones held together with
cartilaginous tissue
Joints allow some movement
Joint between rib & sternum.
Allow max movements
There is a space between two bones
-no continuity of bones
Surfaces are covered with cartilages
Joint is surrounded by synovial
capsule which prevents dislocation
and secretes synovial fluids which
lubricates and nourishes the joint
Joint Between 1st vertebra & 2nd
Vertebra
Elbow, Knee Joint
Bones of Fingers & toes
Thumb Joint
Wrist Joint
Shoulder & Hip Joint
SYNOVIAL JOINTS
( 6 Sub Types )

7. TYPES OF JOINTS

8. CARTILAGENOUS JOINT - VERTEBRAE

9. SYNOVIAL JOINT - ANATOMY

10. TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
TYPES EXAMPLES
Gliding Carpel & tarsal bones (bones of
fingers & toes )
Hinge - ( movement like hinge ) Elbow & knee joint
Pivot - ( Movement similar to rotation
around the Pivot )
Between the first vertebrae(Atlas)
& second vertebra ( Axis )
Saddle Thumb
Ellipsoid - (Movement is semicircular) Wrist
BASED ON SHAPE , STYLE & MOVEMENT OF THE JOINT SURFACES
Ball & Socket Joints -
( Maximum Rotation possible )
Shoulder & Hip Joint

11. Ellipsoidal Joint
Gliding Joint

12. CLASSIFICATION OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

AXIAL
SKULL
VERTEBRAL
COLUMN
RIB CAGE
SKELETAL SYSTEM
APPENDICULAR
SHOULDER
GIRDLE
PELVIC
GIRDLE
LOWER LIMB
BONES
UPPER LIMB
BONES

13. VERTEBRAL COLUMN- SPINE
 The Spine is a flexible column consisting of a sequence of 33
vertebrae
 Each Vertebra encloses a hollow area called the spinal canal and
the spinal chord passes through it – ( protects the spinal chord )
 Between the vertebra there is an intervertebral disc.

14. No. of vertebrae - 33 Functions
Protection
• Spinal cord and nerve roots
• Many internal organs like lungs,
heart, abdominal organs.
To provide base for
attachment
• To ligaments, tendons & muscles
Structural Support
• Head, shoulder, chest
• Connects upper & lower body
• Balance and weight distribution
Flexibility and
mobility
• Flexion [Forward Bending]
• Extension [Backward Bending]
• Side bending [Left and Right]
• Rotation [Left and Right]
• Combination of above
Misc.
• Bones produce red blood cells
• calcium & Phosphate storage
REGIONS NUMBER OF VERTEBRAE
Cervical 7
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacral 5 fused
Coccygeal 4 fused

15. (7)
(12
)
(5)
(5 fused)
(4 fused)
LORDOSIS
LORDOSIS
KYPHOSIS
KYPHOSIS
double S shape - 4 CURVES –
1. Makes movements possible
2. Increase strength of spine
3. Maintains balance in upright
posture
4. Absorbs jerks and shocks
during walking running
jumping etc.

16. RIBCAGE
• Made up of 12 pairs of Ribs
• These articulate with Vertebrae
at the back and breast bone or
sternum in the front
• Have intercostal muscles in
between – brings about
breathing action
• Protects heart & lungs

18. SHOULDER GIRDLE PELVIC GIRDLE
Formed by a pair of hip bones
Formed by pair of collar bones
and pair of shoulder blades and a few associated bones

19. LOWER LIMB BONES
Femur (Thigh bone)
Patella ( Knee cap )
Tibia & Fibula (in the leg)
Tarsals - 7 (ankle)
Metatarsals - 5 (feet)
Phalanges - 14 (digits of toes )
UPPER LIMB BONES
Humerus - ( in the arm)
Radius & Ulna - (in the forearm)
Carpals – 8 - (Wrist )
Metacarpals - 5- (Palm)
Phalanges - 14 - (digits of fingers)

20. YOGIC CO-RELATION

21. SKELETAL SYSTEM - YOGIC CO-RELATION
TRATAKA – OM CHANTING – YAM/ NIYAM { observance )
1. Positive effect on our thoughts & emotions
2. Calms the mind
3. Makes it stable & focused
4. Increases the parasympathetic tone of our body
Particularly helpful to the Muscular/ Skeletal system as it
helps to relax the constantly contracted & stressed muscles
and associated bones & joints

22. SKELETAL SYSTEM - YOGIC CO-RELATION
 Modern sedentary lifestyle has led to…
 several bones and joints related disorders
 Accumulation of toxins & air in between the joints
 Slower rate of bone formation
 Osteoporosis ..etc..
 All these disorders , seriously affecting human mobility
 हमारे शारीर की कार्यक्षमता और क
ु शलता संधिर्ों की मुड़ने की क्षमता ,ताकत ,
लचीलापन पर ननर्यर है
 संधि की अधिकतम क्षमताउसक
े अच्छेस्वस््र् का सूचक है
Shreela Sasidharan

23. SKELETAL SYSTEM - YOGIC CO-RELATION
ASANAS ..IN GENERAL – Effect on bones & joints
 Regular Asan practice improves mobility by maintaining not only the
health of the bones & joints but also associated parts as well…muscles ,
ligaments tendons…
 They help to maintain the joint cartilages in function , maintaining the joint
spaces
 Normal bone remodeling depends on constant stimulus in the form of
stretch / contraction of the muscles & tendons .
 This is particularly helpful in preventing Osteoporosis ( increasing porosis
in bone – decrease in bone density – bones become brittle & fragile – risk
og injury is high – specially in Aging
 Of course – also an unhealthy diet – lack of Vit D , Calcium also are factors
here

24. SKELETAL SYSTEM - YOGIC CO-RELATION
ASANAS ..IN GENERAL – Effect on bones & joints
 हमारे शारीर की कार्यक्षमता और क
ु शलता संधिर्ों की मुड़ने की क्षमता ,ताकत
, लचीलापन पर ननर्यर है
 संधि का स्वस््य उसकी ....
मांसपेशियां
अस्स्ि बंिन
उनको शमलने वाला व्यायाम ( प्रेरणा , उत्तेजन )
उनका ननयशमत रूपसे होनेवाला उपयोग
पोषण
 इन सभी पर अवलंबबत है

25. SKELETAL SYSTEM - YOGIC CO-RELATION
SURYA NAMASKAR & SUKSHMA VYAYAM
Also Sharir sanchalan series –
Leg Rotation , Cycling , Naukachalan , Chakkichalan Rope pulling , Merudand vakrasn
 Lubricates & loosens the joints
 Strengthens & tones adjoining muscles
 Strengthens all other supporting structures- tendons , ligaments etc – increases their flexibility & mobility
 Increases blood circulation
 Removes toxins at the joints
 Removes energy blockages
 Useful for Therapy- as in diabetes
 Useful as a stress buster
 Sukshma Vyayam in particular helpful to Aging population
 importance of these practices -> increase in joint & muscle flexibility ahead of actual Asan practice …which
can then be practiced with ease & comfort..
 Synchronises breath & awareness with the physical movements
 Hence improves mental faculties like focussing powers, concentration etc

26. SURYA NAMASKAR

27. SUKSHMA VYAYAM

28. SPINE
 made up of 33 vertebrae..
 Cervical – 7-functionally important as they can rotate to some extent – allow us to
look around upto certain limits .Forward / backward / sideways / rotation
movements.
 Asanas - e.g Marjarasan, Sarvangasan , Matsyasan , Bhujangasan..etc..
 Thoracic – 12 – Upper part of Trunk - Complete support to ribs
 Lumbar - 5 – Largest & strongest part - Support to lower back
 Saccral - 5 – Fused – forms the sacrum
 Coccyx - 4 Fused - Complete Solid support to spine. Gives both strength &
support to entire spine

29. Thoracic – Lumbar – Saccral – Associated movements
 Stretch in vertical Axis – e.g …Parvatasn , Tadasan… height
increase
 Backward bending – Ushtrasan ,Shalbhasan ,Dhanurasan
 Forward Bending – e.g.. Hastapadasan , Paschimotanasn, Halasan
 Lateral bending – e.g… Chakrasan
 Spine Twisting - e.g…Vakrasn , Ardhamatsyendrasan…
 Distinction of the spinal column is its great flexibility….e.g
Marjarasan. This aspect can specially be seen in MARJARASAN

30. SKELETAL SYSTEM - YOGIC CO-RELATION
 CULTURAL ASANAS …
Target the Spine –
 मेरुदंड र्ा रीड हामरे जीवन व्र्व्हार का प्रमुख आिार है
 जजतना मेरुदंड स्वस्थ , सशक्त ,बलवान , लचीला रहेगा -उतना हमारा दैनंदीन व्र्व्हार
सुखद और बबना कोई परेशानी से होगा
 इसललए ननर्लमत रूप से , िीरे से , सहजता क
े साथ आसन करने से
मेरुदंड स्वस्थ होगा तो मानलसकता , आचरण , कार्यक्षमता ..र्ह सब उधचत स्थर पर
रहेगा .

31. SKELETAL SYSTEM - YOGIC CO-RELATION
CULTURAL ASANAS ……
Few Examples…
 Tadasana , ..impact on almost all the joints
 Vakrasan , Mandukasan , Padmasan , Gomukhasan –
positive effect on Knee Joints & Ankle Joints- keep them healthy &
flexible
 Distinction - spinal column - great flexibility..seen in Marjarasan

32. SKELETAL SYSTEM - YOGIC CO-RELATION
 MEDITATIVE ASANAS …
 Help maintain normal spine curvature
 Aids proper blood circulation
 Aids proper posture
 Reduces undue pressure on verterbral discs – prevents disc problems
 Aids relaxation of spine
 RELAXATIVE ASANAS …
 Like Shavasana - relaxes the stressed joints & muscles .
 PRANAYAMA ..
 maintains flexibility of ribs - good for respiration process

33. SKELETAL SYSTEM - YOGIC CO-RELATION
 ANTARANG SADHANA –
 Parasympathetic tone of body increased considerably
 Muscles relaxed - has relaxation effects on all bones & supporting structures
Beneficial to both the SKELETAL & Muscular Systems

34. Credits :
 GMM Anatomy & Physiology Notes
 Inputs from Presenations of Senior GMM teachers
 Net .
THANK YOU