Anatomy physiology digestive system diploma yoga education ghantali thane ghatkopar

1. Anatomy and Physiology
Digestive System
Diploma in Yoga Education – 27
Ghantali Mitra Mandal

2. Digestive system
• Why do we need Digestive System
• Function of the System
• Parts of the system
• Function of each parts
• Yogic Co-relation

3. Why do we eat
•To obtain the energy needed to survive
•To get the essential raw material needed to build our
body and all the vital organs / tissues

4. CARBOHYDRATES FATS PROTEINS

5. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

6. mouth pharynx epiglottis esophagus
stomach
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
cecum
ascending
colon
transverse
colon
descending
colon
sigmoid
colon
rectum
anus feces
Toast
Tracing a piece of
Pasta through the
alimentary canal
The journey of food in GI tract.

8. Functions of Alimentary System
• Ingestion,
• Mastication,
• Propulsion,
• Mixing,
• Secretion,
• Digestion (Mechanical and Chemical)
• Absorption, and
• Elimination
• Water Balance
Also known as
Gastrointestinal
Tract (GI Tract),
Alimentary Canal

9. Components of Digestive System
•Mouth
•Pharynx
•Esophagus
•Stomach
•Small Intestine
•Large Intestine
•Rectum
•Anus
Accessory Digestive Organs
•Salivary Glands
•Gall bladder
•Liver
•Pancreas

10. Total time required to pass thought the gut
Passage of Food
(depends on quantity & type)
•Mouth – 1 to 2 minutes
•Esophagus 1 – 2 seconds
•Stomach 3 to 4 hours
•Small Intestine 4 to 8 hours
•Total Process – 24 to 72 hours

11. Process of food in the mouth
• Roof of mouth – Anterior hard palate
and Flexible posterior soft palate
• Mouth: Mechanical digestion
• Salivary glands : salivary amylase
digestion of starch. About 1500 cc saliva
is produced daily by the salivary glands.
Formation of bolus
• Epiglottis: prevents choking, prevents
air from reaching the stomach

12. Peristalsis

13. Stomach
• See / smell / Taste – sensory organs
• To Hypothalamus
• To Medulla oblangata
• To parasympathetic in Vagus nerves
• To stomach – “Be ready for food”
• This is the conditional reflex
• If you start eating the food, local
mechanisms, both neural and
hormonal jump start the gastric phase
Speed of emptying the stomach is controlled so that
intestine does not overload with too much acid

14. Stomach (Decontamination Tank)
• A stretchy bag that holds your food after you eat
• Helps to break food into smaller pieces so your body can use it for energy and
nutrition
• Secretion of Gastric Juice: About 2 to 2.5 Lt/day
• Churning of food
• Acid secretion – Destroys Micro organisms maintains
the pH of stomach (2.0) – extremely strong acid
• Breaking down Protein molecules by pepsin
• Coagulation of milk
• Formation of food into fine paste called ‘chime’
• Mucus in the stomach protects from gastric juice

15. Functions of Small intestine
• Tube that is 6 to 7 Meters long.
• Continues to digest food. Complete digestion of
the food material.
• Duodenum, jejunum and Ileum
• Food stays in your small intestine for 4 to 8 hours
• Absorption of Protein (Amino Acids),
Carbohydrates (Glucose), Fats (Fatty acids)
• Forward movement due to Peristalsis

16. Wall of Small intestine

17. Large Intestine
• Tube that is 1-1/2 Meters long
• Gets waste from small intestine
• Absorption of Water, salts
• Bacteria colonizing intestinal flora.
• Walls produce Vitamin B-Complex(
B12).
• Store the fecal matter in the rectum
till defecation.
• Usually waste stays for 10 to 12 hours.

18. Defecation
• Stimulation of peristalsis in Rectum - relaxation of Anal
muscles - Defecation
• Undigested waste, Fibrous substances
• Voluntary, (Initially involuntary – Toilet training)

19. Salivary Gland
•Mixture of mucus and serous fluids
•Helps to form a food bolus
•Contains salivary amylase to begin starch digestion
•Dissolves chemicals so they can be tasted

20. Gall Bladder
• Storage tank for bile (a greenish-yellow liquid, produced by
liver) that helps your body break down and use fats
• Located under your liver
• Shaped like a pear

21. Liver
• Factory for antibodies and bile, largest gland of the body
• Stores vitamins and sugars until your body needs them
• The liver's main job is to filter the blood coming from the
digestive tract
• The liver also detoxifies
chemicals and
metabolizes drugs

22. • Secretes bile.
• Helps maintain homeostasis by removing or adding
nutrients to the blood.
• Converts excess glucose to glycogen and stores it.
• Converts excess amino acids to fatty acids and urea
• Stores iron and certain vitamins.
• Detoxifies alcohol and other drugs and poisons.

23. Pancreas
• The pancreas has two main functions: an exocrine
function that helps in digestion and an endocrine
function that regulates blood sugar.

24. FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1. Ingestion,
2. Mastication,
3. Propulsion,
4. Mixing,
5. Secretion,
6. Digestion,
7. Absorption, and
8. Elimination.

25. ORGAN FUNCTIONS
Mouth
Ingestion, Taste, Mastication, Digestion, Swallowing,
Communication, Protection.
Pharynx Swallowing, Breathing, Protection
Oesophagus Propulsion, Protection.
Stomach
Storage, Digestion, Absorption, Mixing and Propulsion,
Protection.
Small
Intestine
Neutralization, Digestion, Absorption, Mixing and
Propulsion, Excretion, Protection.
Large
Intestine
Absorption, Storage, Mixing and Propulsion, Protection,
Excretion.

26. Eating for conscious
expansion
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