Skeletal disorders include fractures of different types such as simple, greenstick, compound, comminuted, impacted, and complicated fractures. Other skeletal disorders discussed include kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, arthritis, bone cancer, gout, osteoporosis, and rickets. Fractures involve breakage of bones, while kyphosis, lordosis and scoliosis are spinal disorders involving curvature of the spine. Arthritis is inflammation of one or more joints. Osteoporosis is thinning of the bones common in the elderly. Rickets is a childhood condition caused by vitamin D and calcium deficiency.

1. SKELETAL DISORDERS

2. S
K
E
L
E Fractures - breakage of
T a bone, this breakage
A
L may be complete or
D incomplete.
I
S
O
R
D
E
R
S

3. S Types of Fractures
K
E 1.Simple A clean break of the bone
L with little or no break in the
E overlying skin.
T
A
2.Greenstick An incomplete break
L
of the bone in which part of the
D
I
outer shell (cortex) remains intact.
S This occurs particularly in
O children, who have more flexible
R bones than adults.
D
E 3.Compound (also known as
R "Open") A broken bone that pierces
S the overlying skin.

4. S
K
4.Cominuted A fracture in which the
E bone is broken into more than two
L pieces. A crushing force is usually
E responsible and there is extensive injury
T to surrounding soft tissues is common.
A
L 5.Impacted A fracture in which the
D bones involved are driven into each
I other.
S
O 6.Complicated A broken bone that also
involves damage to other organs - in
R
addition to broken Bone(s) and possibly
D
also broken skin. An example is a
E broken rib that punctures a lung.
R
S

5. S
K
E
L
E
T
A
L
D
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S
O
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D
E
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6. S
K Kyphosis Excessive outward curvature
E of the spine, causing hunching of the
L back.
E
T
A
L
D
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S
O
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D
E
R
S

7. S
K
E
L
E
T
A
L
D
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O
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E
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8. S
K Lordosis Inward curvature of the spine.
E Some lordosis in the lumbar and cervical
L regions of the spine is normal.
E
Exaggerated lordosis may occur in
T
adolescence - possibly as a result of
A
faulty posture, or due to disease affecting
L the vertebrae and spinal muscles.
D
I
S
O
R
D
E
R
S

9. S
K Scoliosis Lateral (sideways)
E
deviation of the spine.
L
Scoliosis may be caused by
E
T
congenital or acquired
A abnormalities of the
L vertebrae, muscles, and/or
D nerves.
I
S Treatment may involve the
O use of spinal braces and, in
R cases of severe deformity.
D surgical correction by fusion or
E osteotomy.
R
S

10. S
K
E
L
E
T
A
L
D
I
S
O
R
D
E
R
S

11. S
K Arthritis
E
Over 200 diseases may cause
L
arthritis, including:
E
T
Swelling, warmth, redness of the
A overlying skin, pain, restriction of
L motion.
D
I Inflammation of one or more
S joints.
O
R
D
E
R
S

12. S
K
E
L
E
T
A
L
D
I
S
O
R
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E
R
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13. S
K
E Bone Cancer
L
E Bone cancer may occur
T
A
as a secondary cancer
L from, for
D example, prostate cancer
I
S
O
R Damage to stem cells
D (the cause of leukaemia).
E
R
S

14. S
K
E
L
E
T
A
L
D
I
S
O
R
D
E
R
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15. S
K
E
L
E
T
A
L
D
I
S
O
R
D
E
R
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16. S
K
E Gout
L
E
T
A Gout is caused by a defect in
L uric acid balance in the
D
metabolism - resulting in an
I
S excess of the acid and its salts
O (urates) which then accumulate
R in the bloodstream and
D joints, respectively.
E
R
S

17. S
K
E
L
E
T
A
L
D
I
S
O
R
D
E
R
S

18. S
K Osteoporosis
E
L Infection, injury and synovitis can
E cause localized osteoporosis of
T
adjacent bone.
A
L
D Generalised osteoporosis is
I common in the elderly, and in
S women often follows the
O menopause. It is also a feature of
R Cushing's disease and prolonged
D steroid therapy.
E
R
S

19. S
K
E
L
E
T
A
L
D
I
S
O
R
D
E
R
S

20. S
K Rickets
E
L Rickets is a childhood condition caused
by insufficient vitamin D and Calcium
E
T
A
L
D
I
S
O
R
D
E
R
S

21. S
K
E
L
E
T
A
L
D
I
S
O
R
D
E
R
S