The document discusses various joint disorders, their symptoms, and classifications, including mechanical and inflammatory conditions. Key conditions highlighted include ankylosing spondylitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout, alongside diagnostic features and potential complications. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the type of joint disorder to provide appropriate treatment and management.

1. JOINT DISORDERS
PRESENTOR:
DR. PRABHAKAR MANU
Ist YEAR PG SCHOLAR
GUIDED BY :
DR. NARAYANA PRAKASH B.
DEPT. OF MANO VIGYAN EVUM MANASA ROGA
SDM COLLEGE OF AYURVEDA & HOSPITAL
HASSAN

2. JOINT DISEASE
 A combination of pain and stiffness , leading
to loss of function, is a classic feature of joint
disease.
 Usually one component will predominates as
stiffness in inflammation, and pain in
mechanical joint problem.
 Therefore specific questions will establish
whether symptoms are mechanical (e.g.
degenerative joint disease & mechanical tear)
or inflammatory(e.g. rheumatoid arthritis or
gout).

3. TYPES
Neuromecha-
nical disease
Inflammatory
disease
Metabolic
disease

4. Ankylosing Spondylitis
 Ankylosing
Spondylitis is a
disease of the spine
in which there is
gradual loss of
mobility in the joints
between the
vertebrae. It occurs
mainly in males
between the ages of
20 and 40.

5. Degenerative Disc Disease
 Based on clinical
profile, the study
group was divided
into 4 categories:
degenerative disc
disease (DDD) with
intervertebral disc
prolapse (IVDP),
lumbar canal
stenosis (LCS) with
IVDP, tuberculosis
spine and trauma.

6. Behcet's syndrome
 Behcet's syndrome is a disease that
involves inflammation of the blood
vessels. It causes problems in many parts
of the body.
The most common symptoms are-
 Sores in the mouth
 Sores on the sex organs
 Other skin sores
 Swelling of parts of the eye
 Pain, swelling and stiffness of the joints

7. Behcet's syndrome

8. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
 Carpal tunnel syndrome is fairly
common. Symptoms include
numbness, tingling and a burning pain
in the hand. The symptoms start off by
occurring at night, often waking the
patient, later they may also be
experienced during the day and in
some cases be so severe they can
interfere with the normal use of the
hand.

9. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

10. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal
hyperostosis (DISH)
 DISH is a form of too
much bone growth
along the sides of the
vertebrae of the spine.
 It involves
inflammation and bone
growth where tendons
and ligaments attach to
bone, such as the
elbows, knees and the
heels of the feet.

11. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)
 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a disorder
that affects the connective tissues that
support the skin, muscles,tendons and
ligaments. People with EDS disorders
tend to have loose joints, skin that
stretches easily, and a tendency to
bruise.

12. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)

13. Fibromyalgia
 Fibromyalgia is the name given to widespread pain
affecting the muscles but not the joints. It is a
chronic condition, but it is not life threatening or
progressive and does not cause permanent damage
to either muscles, bones or joints.

14. Gonococcal arthritis
 Gonococcal arthritis is an infection of the
joints, tendons and muscles that occurs in
those suffering from gonorrhea. It affects
more women than men and usually appears
before the age of 30.

15. Gout
 Gout is a chemical
defect which causes
the accumulation in
the bloodstream of a
waste product of
metabolism also
known as uric acid.
It is the deposition
of crystals of uric
acid in the skin,
joints and kidneys
which is responsible
for the symptoms.

16. Gout
What is gout? Gout is
condition
characterized by an
overload of uric acid
in the body and
recurring attacks of
joint inflammation
(arthritis). Chronic
gout can lead to
deposits of hard
lumps of uric acid in
and around the
joints, decreased
kidney function, and
kidney stones.

17. BUNIONS
 Hallux Abducto Valgus (HAV), more
commonly known as 'Bunions' by
patients.
 It also gets referred to as 'Diamond
Foot' due to the shape of the foot at its
most deformed.
 The skin over the bony protrusion (the
head of the 1st metatarsal / long bone
in the foot) feels sore from rubbing
against the inside of their footwear.

18. BUNIONS

19. Juvenille Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)
 Juvenile arthritis refers to a
"childhood arthritis" for children
under the age of sixteen affected by
inflammatory arthritis. Children can
develop almost all types of arthritis
that affect adults, but the most
common type that affects children is
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

20. Juvenille Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)

21. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
 Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE) is
a progressive and
potentially serious
disease. It can affect
nearly every organ in
the body. Among the
complications that may
be seen are
inflammation of the
membrane lining the
heart and the smooth
membranous sac
enveloping the heart,
pleurisy, kidney lesions
and disorders of the
central nervous system
and skin rash.

22. Lymes Disease
 Lyme disease begins
by a bite from an
insect that is
infected by
bacterium. The
bacterium enters the
body and travels to
different parts of the
body. If untreated, it
can progress to
produce an infection
that involves
inflammation
affecting joints, the
nervous system, the
heart and the skin.

23. Osteoarthritis
 Osteoarthritis is a degenerative
disease of the joints, usually
accompanied by pain and stiffness.
 It causes a great deal of pain and
discomfort to a large number of
people and affects both males and
females alike. The cause of the disease
is not known but it is described as a
degenerative disorder developing with
age.

24. Osteomalacia
 Osteomalacia is a disease affecting
mainly adult women, where the bones
are generally softened due to the
 impaired deposition of calcium. It is
thought to be caused by lack of
vitamin D.

25. Osteoporosis
 Osteoporosis is a disease in which the
bones are generally thinned. From the
age of 20 everyone’s bones
 become progressively thinner with
age. In osteoporosis this thinning
becomes faster than normal.

26. Pagets Disease
 Pagets Disease is a disease where
areas of bone become thickened and
soft and there is an increase in the
 total number of bone cells. It is quite
common in old age especially in men.

27. Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)
 Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is
muscular pains throughout the body
starting abruptly in the neck and
 shoulder muscles and then spreading
down the back to the buttocks and the
thighs accompanied by
 stiffness, headache, fever and
generally feeling unwell.

28. Psoriatic Arthritis
 Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a form of joint
inflammation affecting individuals with
the skin disorder psoriasis.Psoriasis
affects 23% of the UK population.
 Approximately 10-20% of those with
psoriasis may develop some form of
arthritis.
 Joints are typically stiff after resting,
early morning or resting in the
evening.Tissues such as ligaments,
tendons around the joints may be
involved.

29. Raynaud's phenomenon
 Raynaud’s phenomenon is most common
in young women. First the fingertips go
white and cold, the fingers
 become numb and may become stiff due
to the blood supply being temporarily cut
off. The condition may be
 slight or severe. In severe cases small
ulcers may form on the fingertips and the
nails may also be affected.

30. Reactive arthritis
 Reactive arthritis is caused by bacteria
travelling through the body to the
joints between bones. The joints swell
and become stiff and painful. It
normally affects the joints of the
knees, ankles or toes. In extreme cases
it can also affect the eyes or skin or
muscles.

31. Repetitive strain injury
 Repetitive strain injury (RSI) is used
to describe a range of painful
conditions of the muscles, tendons
and other soft tissues. It is mainly
caused by repetitive use of part of the
body. It is usually related to a job or
occupation, but leisure activities can
also be a cause.

32. Rheumatoid arthritis
 Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic
inflammatory disease affecting the
connective tissue of the joints. At the
onset there may be a general feeling of
being unwell, fatigue, and pain and
stiffness in the joints. It usually begins
with the joints in the fingers spreading
to the wrists and elbows.

33. Trauma
Fracture- any break in bone
 Closed or simple fracture – bone
broken, broken ends do not break the
skin

34. Fracture cont.
 Open or compound fracture- broken
bones pierce the skin and can lead to
infection.
 Open reduction –surgical intervention
with devices such as wires, metal
plates, or screws to hold the bones in
alignment.

35. Fracture cont…
 Greenstick – in children, bone bent
and splintered but never completely
separates.

36. Fracture cont…
 Comminuted –
splintered or
broken into many
pieces.
 Treatment- cast,
possible surgery
depending how
bad the break is.

37. Dislocation
 Dislocation – bone
displaced from proper
position in joint.
 Sprain- sudden or
unusual motion,
ligaments torn but joint
not dislocated.
 Treatment – traction
pulling force used to
hold the bones in place
used for fractures of
long bones.

38. THANK YOU !