The document discusses site works and setting out for construction projects. It covers site analysis to explore site characteristics, site investigation for systematic inquiry before construction, site preparation with considerations for access, storage and safety. It also discusses the setting out process to lay out the building outline on site, including establishing reference lines, square lines, checking diagonals, and locating excavation lines. The goal is to ensure construction follows the design plans and account for any site issues.
Transcript: #StandardsGoals for 2024: What’s new for BISAC - Tech Forum 2024
SITEWORKS & SETTING OUT
1. SITEWORKS & SETTING OUT
SITE ANALYSIS - SITE INVESTIGATION- SITE PREPARATION- SETTING OUT
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Prepared By Saurav Shrestha
2. SITEWORKS & SETTING OUT
01. Site Analysis Exploration of Site & its characteristics before designing
02. Site Investigation Systematic enquiry with Methodological approach before construction
03. Site Preparation General & Specific considerations before construction
04. Setting Out Laying outline of building on site
Site
Analysis
Site
Investigation
Site
Preparation
Setting
Out
3. 2.1. Site Analysis
What ?
thorough exploration of site
Why ?
To determine site issues that can
influence proposed development
To ascertain whether site
characteristics is suitable for proposed
development.
Site Analysis Process (Source : Building Construction Illustrated by Francis DK Ching)
4. 2.1. Site Analysis
How?
Legal Factors
Cultural Factors
Natural Factors
Other Factors
ByConsidering
Site Analysis Process (Source : Building Construction Illustrated by Francis DK Ching)
5. 2.1. Site Analysis
How?
Legal Factors
Cultural Factors
Natural Factors
Other Factors
ByConsidering Geology/Soil condition
Topography
Vegetation
Wind direction
Climate
Sunlight
hydrology
7. 2.1. Site Analysis
ByConsidering
How?
Legal Factors
Cultural Factors
Natural Factors
Other Factors
Existing land use
Neighborhood Issues
Socio-economic issues
Traffic & Movement
location
8. 2.1. Site Analysis
How?
Legal Factors
Cultural Factors
Natural Factors
Other Factors
ByConsidering Views & Vistas
Orientation
Service & Infrastructure
Site boundaries
9. 2.2. Site Investigation
What ?
Collection of Necessary data
Why ?
To plan the working on site
How ?
Table study
Site Visit
Site Report
REFER
Ordinance Maps
Geological data
similar previous Projects
OBSERVE
Layout sketch
Existing services
Access to site
DOCUMENT
Detail Report
Relevant Data
Necessary Information
10. Typical data required from site visit
(source ; Building Construction by R.Chudley)
2.2. Site Investigation
11. 2.3. Site Preparation
Consideration
Access
Storage
Accommodation
Services
Safety
Accessibility of Site > Transport facility ?
Useful to plan transportation of material & labor
Availability of space for storage
Useful to plan storage for material and equipment
Availability of space & environment for accommodation
Useful to plan accommodation units in construction site
Availability of basic services (electricity, water etc)
Necessary for working in site
Necessary safety precaution
First Aid, Safety measures, Insurance etc.
Other
Legal considerations like construction regulation
Cultural considerations & Security of site
13. 2.4. Setting Out
Process of
Drawing outline of building on site
Transferring dimension from layout plant to groundWHAT ?
WHY ? To ensure construction as per design documentations
HOW ?
Whole to part
Start from large simple shape towards smaller complex ones
Principle of
Proposed Building Breaking into smaller
rectangles and
detailing part by part
Taking large rectangle
first and detailing
smaller details later
OR
14. 2.4. Setting Out
METHODS
1. Peg and Rope Method ( common)
2. Dumpy Level ( Best for big construction)
ITEMS
1. Timber Profile Board
2. Round poles to act as pegs or steel in hard ground.
3. Nylon Threads
4. Ordinary Nails
5. White Chalk or lime or Spray paint
6. Clear Hose pipe for determining horizontal levels
7. Sledge hammer
8. Measuring table
9. Builders Square
18. 2.4.1 Setting Out of Rectangular Building
Clearing the Site
Establish Base/Reference Line /Parallel line
Setting out first right angle to the frontage line
Establish second square line
Establish other square lines to complete outline.
Checking diagonals
Setting Profile & Attached Range lines
Locate excavation lines
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01
02
03
04
05
06
07
Clearing the Site
Removal of topsoil
Removal of vegetation, rocks
and boulders.
Site clearance prepares the
site for doing setting out
process easily and effectively.
19. CENTRE LINE
BOUNDARY LINE
PROPOSED BUILDING
22'-5"
7'-3"
22'-7"
13'-2"
17'-7"
22'-7"
9'-7"
9'-7"
26'-2"26'-2"
32'-3"
32'-2"18'-10"
26'-5"
33'-3"
FLOOR PLAN (LOAD-BEARING)
FLOOR PLAN (FRAME STRUCTURE)
SETTING OUT EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
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20. CENTRE LINE
BOUNDARY LINE
A B
D CE
F G
OFFSETDISTANCE
OFFSETDISTANCE
10'-0"
REFERENCE LINE
STEP 1 : ESTABLISH REFERENCE LI
1. Break the building shape into
two rectangles namely
ABCDGA & EDFG .
2. AB is building front line. Since
frontage line AB is parallel to
Road line, It is easier to
establish Reference line ( oir
base line or parallel line) alon
the building front line AB.
3. Establish Reference line along
AB by taking equal offset
distance from the road.
4. From Point B, We know
distance of line AB and thus
point A can be located
SETTING OUT EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
02
21. CENTRE LINE
BOUNDARY LINE
A B
D CE
F G
OFFSETDISTANCE
OFFSETDISTANCE
3
45
5
4
3
REFERENCE LINE
STEP 2: SETTING OUT FIRST RIGHT
ANGLE TO THE FRONTAGE LINE
1. From point B , using 3-4-5
method or theodolite produce
squared line towards C
2. Locate Point C by measuring
distance BC from the drawing.
FIRSTSQUARELINE
SETTING OUT EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
03
22. CENTRE LINE
A B
D CE
F G
OFFSETDISTANCE
OFFSETDISTANCE
3
45
5
4
3
REFERENCE LINE
STEP 3 : ESTABLISH SECOND
SQUARE LINE
1. In Point C, establish right
angle using 3-4-5 method or
theodolite towards Line EDC
of proposed building.
2. Locate Point E from C as per
dimension given in the plan.
FIRSTSQUARELINE
SECOND SQUARE LINE
SETTING OU T EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
BOUNDARY LINE
04
23. CENTRE LINE
A B
D CE
F G
OFFSETDISTANCE
OFFSETDISTANCE
3
45
5
4
3
REFERENCE LINE
STEP 4 : ESTABLISH OTHER
SQUARE LINES TO COMPLETE
THE OUTLINE OF BUILDING
1. Establish other square line from
point E and point F.
2. Point G can be located as per
dimension given for FG .
3. Now all point A, B, C, D , E, F,
G are located
FIRSTSQUARELINE
SECOND SQUARE LINE
5
3
4
5
3
4
SETTING OUT EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
BOUNDARY LINE
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24. CENTRE LINE
BOUNDARY LINE
A B
D CE
F G
OFFSETDISTANCE
OFFSETDISTANCE
3
4
STEP 5: CHECK DIAGONALS
1. Check diagonal EG and DF, if
diagonals are equal then all four corn
are in right angle
2. Also, Check diagonal AC AND B
, if diagonals are equal then all four
cornders are in right angle
SECOND SQUARE LINE
SETTING OUT EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
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25. A B
D CE
F G
STEP 6: SETUP PROFILE AND ATTACH
RANGING LINE
1. Since the corners of building has
already been located, the profile board
can be placed along the corners at an
offset that makes it easier to excavate
the trenches.
2. The ranging lines attached to the
pegs are extended by holding the line to
pass over the peg to the profile.
3. The wall position is clearly marked on
the profile using lime or a spray paint.
SETTING OUT EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
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26. B
F G
A
E D C
Excavation on corners as per foundation details and grid lines
E D
F G
A B
C
Excavation Line
Wall Line
Excavation along wall for foundation in case of load-bearing structure
Excavation Line
SETTING OUT EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
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STEP 7 : LOCATE EXCAVATION LINES
1. Excavation is carried out as per
foundation drawings and type of
structure as shown as in figures .
2. In case of load bearing, foundation is
along wall so excavation is done along
the wall as in fig 1.
3. In case of frame structure,
foundation is on corners as per grid
lines given in the drawing, so
excavation is done as per foundation
drawings.