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What is Site Preparation?
The term “site preparation” describes the actions taken before an engineer begins their work.
The site cleared in preparation for the new building is called the old or unfriendly site. Since
the land and structures already there are suitable for the construction work that will soon
begin there, site preparation is not required.
Before construction, the site must be prepared by demolishing old buildings, clearing building
sites, mapping underground services and wires, doing a site survey and layout, and treating
termites. To get a construction site ready, blasting, test drilling, landfilling, leveling, earth-
moving, excavating, land drainage, and other types of land preparation. Construction Work on
preparing the site is important for any project. Before the main building work begins, a
construction site needs to be set up.
There may be a lot of obstacles on the construction site, such as old buildings or structures,
big trees, sloping ground, loose soil, and underground services. It could cause problems when
building. For construction projects to go smoothly, the site must be ready for the building
before work can begin.
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Types of Site Preparation:
1. Soil Testing and Report investigation:
Before planning and designing any building
project, the soil must be tested. Without
knowing the nature of the soil, it is
impossible to design anything. Soil geotechnical
research is done to learn about soil
properties, the different types of soil, and
how much weight it can hold. So, the people
who design buildings can decide if the soil
needs any treatment to make it stronger or
not. In geotechnical reports, which come from
soil testing, a lot of information about the
right type of foundation for the site,
settlements and what to do about them,
liquefaction, slope stability, groundwater level,
soil bearing capacity, excavation-related
dangers, soil strength, soil classification, and
more.
This soil investing teaches us a lot about how soil
works and how it will act in the future. If the
construction site is near an area prone to
earthquakes, the geotechnical report should include
the tests and suggestions needed.
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2. Demolition of Old Building:
For building site preparation, the old
design needs to be torn down. If there is
an old design, come up with a plan to
crush it with the help of the crush team.
You can start building your site once the
land has gaped and the base has been
checked.
Cracks should be properly repaired, so
they don’t damage other building sections.
At this stage, a structural engineer or
other qualified professional may be needed
to watch for any movement or cracking.
Systematic planning and work will,
without a doubt, help figure out the best
ways to find hazards, ensure materials are
thrown away safely and meet legal
requirements.
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3. Underground Utility Mapping
Care must be taken when excavating and
preparing a construction site in metropolitan
areas close to a telecom service or a railway line
to ensure no service lines or underground wires
are damaged. Therefore, before beginning any
building excavation, it is prudent to undertake
an advance survey of underground assets or
cables running below the ground.
Communicate with the people in charge of
electricity, natural gas, and telephones in your
building about your workspace by penning a
letter. When they get your letter, they’ll check
to see if any subsurface service assets are
present at your business. If they discover any
wires beneath your work area, they will relocate
them to another spot to prevent potential
damage
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4. Site Survey and Layout:
It’s time to mark out where the building
should go. With clearly marked survey pegs or
physical markers, a surveyor can find the
boundaries of the new building. Land surveys,
which set property lines and figure out the size
of a piece of land, are complemented by
engineering and informational surveys. The
engineering survey ensures the structure is built
in the right place and as planned. The second
survey helps get information about the area’s
topography, drainage, and man-made features.
Remember that a construction site changes as the project goes on. A site plan
design is important to know where the new building will go, where the access
roads for construction vehicles will be, where the storage areas for supplies will
be, where the drainage systems will be, etc. Now that you have a map of the
site in hand, you know which area needs to be cleared of plants and rocks.
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5. Site Clearing:
To get a construction site ready,
everything from the ground up,
including any timber, underbrush, trees,
and rocks, must be cleared out to
within three meters of the intended
construction area. If the topsoil is not
of sufficient quality for the building, it
is dug up and replaced with something
more suited. The area needs to be
leveled out to look smooth and flat.
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6. Site Excavation and Earthwork:
There are two different ways to excavate. The first
is known as bulk excavation. It is digging to make a
flat spot for the building. Footing excavation is the
second type of excavation. When digging footings,
remember that the ground can’t have any mud,
loose dirt, or tree roots. You might need to build a
level platform if the site is sloped. There are many
ways to do this, such as “cut and fill” and “split
level. "In cut-and-fill, you remove dirt from a higher
part of the land and put it on a lower part of the
site. If the material on the site has been deemed
unsuitable for use as fill, you will need to think of
other ways to get the job done. A split level is
another method that is often used. It is thought
to be better for slopes and to keep the ecological
balance of the soil. If the slope is steep, you might
need a bulldozer to level the building area, or you
could choose a different method that fits the needs
of your project.
Installing surface drains is a good way to get rid of
water on sloped sites. Before digging, it’s important
to ensure that the crew and heavy equipment can
easily get in and out of the area. Site excavation
might be easy in places far from people, but it could
be hard and complicated in cities and places with lots
of people.
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7. Construction Project Site Compaction
According to the International Building (IBC)
Code, the soil near the foundation must be
improved to the required rank, which is 90%
of approximate dry solidity. Soil compaction
at the foundation’s footing is crucial for
preventing settlement and pushing back
against undesirable occurrences. It was
important to reduce the size of the land area
by decreasing the earth since the foundation’s
base increased the soil’s shear force and made
the soil porous and flexible. Soil can be
compacted using various techniques, such as
tamping, rolling, and vibration. You can find
many tools and machines at construction
sites, including smooth wheel rollers, sheep
foot rollers, rubber tires, crawlers, and
tamping plate compactors.
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8. Anti-Termite Treatment:
Termite treatment is essential for
building construction. Termites eat
wood and other cellulose products,
but their main food is wood.
Termites can get into walls through
holes, cracks in concrete slabs, and
spaces in walls or floors. Check the
details of nearby sites to show that
termite risk management is needed at
your site.
9. Start the Construction Process:
After completing all the tasks for preparing the construction site, we can move on
to the main building work. Preparing the site is an important job requiring specialized
skills to safely and correctly.
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Construction Site Checklist:
•Please advise your family and friends to enter the construction area cautiously and only when required.
•Keeping kids and animals out of the construction zone and away from any hazards is important.
•Update your home insurance policy as recommended by your insurance agent.
•Your renovation project into your current insurance coverage.
•Educate the Production Manager on the operation of the sprinkler system and the security system.
•Get in touch with the Production Supervisor and let them know which restrooms the workers can use.
•Move all furniture and other items out of the work area. Clear everything off the walls, shelves, cabinets,
and counters, and put away any items that are important to you or can’t be replaced.
•Make that the construction site and any surrounding places (such as those housing utilities) can be easily
accessed.
•Clear the outside areas so there is enough room for construction work and storing materials and tools. It
could also include your driveway and garage.
•Do away with any bushes, flowers, or other plants you intend to replace.
•Put a label on everything you want to keep that can be used again. Everything else that can be recycled,
reused, or disposed of correctly will be.
•Cover or remove furniture from the construction area to protect furniture and other items from dust or
other damage.
•Close the doors to other rooms and vacuum often to stop dust from getting into other rooms.
