Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was an influential Muslim scholar born in 1817 in Delhi during Mughal rule. He established schools and colleges to promote education for Muslims, seeing it as key to uplifting their social and economic status under British rule. After the 1857 mutiny, he advocated for Muslims to accept British authority while maintaining their Islamic identity. He founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College in 1877, which later became the Aligarh Muslim University. Sir Syed developed the two-nation theory, arguing that Hindus and Muslims were two distinct nations that could not live together due to political, economic, social and cultural differences, and requiring separate electorates and states for Muslims.

1. SIR SYED AHMED KHAN

2. BASIC DETAILS
• Born in year 1817
• Place of birth Delhi
• Highly regarded family by Mughal Dynasty
• Established one of the first printing presses in Delhi
• 1837, posted as clerk in East India Company
• His career as an Urdu Author started in year 1847

3. HIS VIEWS ABOUT 1857 MUTINY
• Sir syed always felt bad about socio economic conditions
of the Muslims
• He helped many British women and children during
mutiny of 1857
• After Mutiny he wrote a pamphlet which talked about
causes of Mutiny and mistakes committed by both
Muslims and British

4. • He Proposed to Muslims that
Accept British are now their rulers
Change the policy of keeping away

5. EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
• His focus was mainly on
Muslim Renaissance
Cooperation with the British Government
Opening up institutions equivalent to the standards of
Oxford and Cambridge

6. EDUCATIONAL RENAISSACE
• 1859, he opened a school at Muradabad
• 1864, founded scientific society
• 1866, Aligarh institute
• 1866, British Indian Association
• 1877, Mohammaden Anglo Oriental College, Aligarh
• 1920, college was raised as University

7. POLITICAL SERVICES
• The Indian National Congress came into existence in
1855
• Initiative was taken by retired British civil servant Allan
Octavian Hume
• Indian National Congress grew stronger
• Gave chances to Indian Politicians to meet government
and highlight their weak areas

8. THE PURPOSE OF CONGRESS
• Main aim was to support all the communities with in India
irrespective of caste or race.
• It was depicting the role of National Organization

9. HINDUS INCLINATIONS
• Safe guarded the interest of only Hindus
• The demands which were projected from the Platform
were only from Hindus
• Muslims were side lined
• Appeared as democratic and innocent but was trying to
eliminate Muslims completely

10. DEMANDS FROM CONGRESS
 introduction of western democratic rules
Appointments made in government on the basis of
competitive examination

11. SIR SYED’S RESPONSE
• The response to these demands was contrary by Sir
Syed as those demands can’t be applicable on India
• Western democracy can not be implemented as India is
multi cultural and multi national territory
• Hindus are better in education

12. TWO NATION THEORY
• He considered everyone living in India as one nation
I look to both Hindus and Muslims with same eyes and consider them
as my own eyes. By the word “nation” I mean only Hindus and
Muslims and nothing else. We, Hindus and Muslims, live together on
the same soil under the same government. I consider the two factions
as one nation.

13. TWO NATION THEORY
• The reasons of two nations theory
• Political
• Economic
• Social
• POLITICAL: Congress became an Hindu Organization
so Muslims lack their true representation in the
government

14. TWO NATION THEORY
• ECONOMIC: Muslims economic conditions were worst
as they were not highly educated, prejudice was at peak
and they were not getting better jobs. This lead to
economic turmoil
• SOCIAL: The cultural differences between Hindus and
Muslims were also there and took peak when Hindus
came into power so they started opposing Muslims

15. TWO NATION THEORY
• In 1868, first time he expressed his opinion to Mr
Shakespeare, the Governor of Benaras
I am convinced now that Hindus and Muslims could never
become one nation as their religion and way of life was
quite distinct from each other.

16. FOOD FOR THOUGHT
•How education has impacted your
life?

17. •What role you can play as an
Individual to make Pakistan a better
country?

18. •Why do you think education is
important?

19. Do you think education may change
our society in a better way?

20. Do you agree with the ideology of Sir
Syed Ahmed Khan regarding two
nation theory

21. •Was Pakistan created in the name of
Islam??