In his 1930 Allahabad Address, Sir Muhammad Iqbal outlined his vision for an independent Muslim state in Northwestern India, becoming the first politician to articulate the two-nation theory of distinct Muslim and Hindu political identities deserving self-governance. Iqbal called for "a Muslim India within India" and a consolidated Muslim state for the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sindh and Baluchistan. He feared Islam may face a decline like Christianity without its own state. Iqbal argued territorial adjustments and a separate federation of Muslim provinces would allow Muslims to develop according to their own culture and serve the global Muslim community (Ummah).

3. CONTENTS
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Introduction
1
The Address outline
2
Importance
3
References
4

4. 01 INTRODUCTION

5. INTRODUCTION
The Allahabad Address was a speech by British Indian born
scholar Sir Muhammad Iqbal, one of the best-known in
Pakistan history. It was delivered by Iqbal during the 25th
annual session of the All-India Muslim League, on the
afternoon of Monday, 29 December 1930, at Allahabad, British
India. In this address Iqbal outlined a vision of an independent
state for Muslim-majority provinces in northwestern India, thus
becoming the first politician to articulate what would become
known as the Two-nation theory—that Muslims are a distinct
nation and thus deserve political independence from other
regions and communities of India.

6. 02 The Address
outline

8. Muslim India within India
In his address, Iqbal called for the creation of "a Muslim India within India", especially in North-western
India. Iqbal demanded the right of self-government for the Muslim as he said:
India is a continent of human groups belonging to different races, speaking different languages, and
professing different religions. Personally, I would like to see the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province,
Sindh and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single State. Self-government within the British Empire, or
without the British Empire, the formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim State appears to
me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India.

9. Allama Iqbal's Fear
Within his address, Iqbal also touched on his fear that Islam may have a similar fate as Christianity. "To Islam,
matter is spirit realising itself in space and time" whereas Europe had "accepted the separation of Church and
State and disliked the fact that their leaders were "indirectly forcing the world to accept it as unquestionable dogma.
Iqbal spoke of:
The unity of an Indian nation, therefore, must be sought not in the negation, but in the mutual harmony and
cooperation, of the many. True statesmanship cannot ignore facts, however unpleasant they may be And it is on
the discovery of Indian unity in this direction that the fate of India as well as of Asia really depends If an effective
principle of cooperation is discovered in India it will bring peace and mutual goodwill to this ancient land which has
suffered so long And it will at the same time solve the entire political problem of Asia.

10. Hindu Fears
Commenting on the Hindu fears of religious rule in the Muslim autonomous states, Iqbal said:
Muslim demand is not actuated by the kind of motive he imputes to us; it is actuated by a genuine desire for free
development which is practically impossible under the type of unitary government contemplated by the nationalist
Hindu politicians with a view to secure permanent command dominance in the whole of India. Nor should the
Hindus fear that the creation of autonomous Muslim states will mean the introduction of a kind of religious rule in
such states. I have already indicated to you the meaning of the word religion, as applied to Islam. The truth is that
Islam is not a Church I, therefore, demand the formation of a consolidated Muslim State in the best interests of
India and Islam. For India, it means security and peace resulting from an internal balance of power; for Islam, an
opportunity to rid itself of the stamp that Arabian Imperialism was forced to give it, to mobilize its law, its education,
its culture, and to bring them into closer contact with its own original spirit and with the spirit of modern times.
[12]

11. Concluding Remarks
In his concluding remarks, Iqbal said:
India demands complete organization and unity of will and purpose in the Muslim community, both in your own
interest as a community and in the interest of India as a whole. We have a duty toward India where we are
destined to live and die. We have a duty towards Asia, especially Muslim Asia. And since 70 millions of Muslims in
single country constitute a far more valuable asset to Islam than all the countries of Muslim Asia put together, we
must look at the Indian problem not only from the Muslim point of view but also from the standpoint of the Indian
Muslim as such.

12. 03 Importance

13. Territorial adjustments will enable the Muslims to develop themselves in accordance with their
ideas and serve the cause of Ummah.
He further expressed these ideas in letters to Jinnah from May 1936 to November 1937. He
talked of a separate federation of Muslim provinces. The ( North Western India and Bengal
can be considered as entitled to self-determination like other nations in India and outside.
Shariah's development is impossible without a free Muslim state or states. He advised the
Muslims to be above self-interest and devote themselves to Islam.
Faith, culture and historical traditions are more important than patriotism.

14. References
ü " T h e s t a t e m e n t - A l l a m a I q b a l ' s P r e s i d e n t i a l A d d r e s s a t A l l a h a b a d 1 9 3 0 " . T h e Q u a i d . g o v .
A r c h i v e d f r o m t h e o r i g i n a l o n 4 M a r c h 2 0 1 6 . R e t r i e v e d 1 N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 5 .
ü " T h e A l l a h a b a d A d d r e s s - H i s t o r y , p h a s e s , b a c k g r o u n d a n d i m p o r t a n c e " . N o t e s P a k i s t a n .
R e t r i e v e d 1 N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 5 .
ü S a l i m , S a q u i b . " S i r / A l l a m a M u h a m m a d I q b a l ' s P r e s i d e n t i a l A d d r e s s t o t h e A l l a h a b a d
S e s s i o n o f t h e A l l - I n d i a M u s l i m L e a g u e i n 1 9 3 0 " . H e r i t a g e T i m e s . R e t r i e v e d 2 3
S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 9 .
ü h t t p s : / / e n . w i k i p e d i a . o r g / w i k i / A l l a h a b a d _ A d d r e s s # T h e _ A d d r e s s _ o u t l i n e

15. THANK YOU