This document provides an overview of the ideological rationale for the establishment of Pakistan. It discusses the contributions of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama Iqbal, and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah in developing and advocating for the two-nation theory and Islamic ideology that ultimately led to the creation of Pakistan as a separate homeland for Muslims. Key points discussed include Sir Syed's emphasis on modernizing Muslims, Iqbal's calls for an independent Muslim state, and Jinnah's firm advocacy of the two-nation theory and view of Muslims as a separate nation from Hindus.

1. Ideological Rationale
•Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
•Allama Muhammad Iqbal
•Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali
Jinnah

2. Objectives:
By the end of the class you will be able to
• Know about Ideological rationale of
Pakistan
• Learn the contribution of different great
personalities towards the ideology
• Give the

3. Ideology
• Science of ideas, visionary speculations,
manner of thinking ,characteristic of a
class or individual, ideas on the basis of
some economic, social or political theory
or system is called Ideology. It contains
those ideals, which a nation strives to
accomplish in order to bring stability to its
nationhood. Defining ideology ,George
Lewis says:
"Ideology is a plan or program which is
based upon philosophy".

4. IMPORTANCE OF IDEOLOGY
IN NATIONAL LIFE
• Ideology is a motivating force for a nation, which is striving
hard to bring stability and homogeneity to its nation hood.
• Its provide the binding force to the scattered groups in a
society and bring them close to each other on a common
platform.
• Ideologies impel their adherence to follow a joint linked action
for the accomplishment of their goal.
• Ideologies give shape to the revolutions and create new
cultures and civilizations.
• They stress on their adherents to insist on the realization of
their ideal through total transformation of society.
• An urgent agreement with each other on the ideals is most
vital pre-requisite of an ideology.

5. Ideology of Pakistan
• Pakistan is an Ideological state and the
ideology of Pakistan is an Islamic ideology.
Its basic principle being:
"The only sovereign is Allah".
• a state where the Muslims should have an
opportunity to live according to the faith and
creed based on the Islamic principles.
• They should have all the resources at the
disposal to enhance Islamic culture and
civilization .

6. BASIC POINTS OF IDEOLOGY
OF PAKISTAN
1. Ideology of Pakistan is actually implementation of
Islamic teachings.
2. To maintain and arouse the national dignity and
struggles for unity among Muslim Ummah and Islamic
rule is in fact Ideology of Pakistan.
3. Two-Nation Theory on the basis of Islamic Philosophy
in political and cultural background of Sub-continent is
called ideology of Pakistan.
4. Ideology of Pakistan is actually Islamic ideology.
5. The idea of Muslims, attaining Pakistan was infact
Ideology of Pakistan.

7. Sir Syed and Ideological Rationale
•Sir Syed Ahmed
Khan ( 1817 –
1898)
Initially worked
for East India
Company as a
Jurist
•After the 1857
Independence
war , he
published “The
Causes of Indian
Mutiny” ( Rasala
asbaab
baghaawat e
Hind) – a daring
critique at the
time
•To promote
established
Aligarh Muslim
University ( 1875)
•Founded
Scientific Society
of Aligarh
Denounced
Congress for
being pro-hindu
and established
Muslim League
•Sir Syed was
criticized by
Ulema at the time
for his approach
towards religion

8. Sir Syed’s Ahmed Khan’s Goal
• Sir Syed’s first and foremost objective was to modernize
the Muslims following the Western cultural values that
could create friendly atmosphere for the two
communities. He motivated his community to learn the
Western philosophy and English literature to get along
with the ruling people. Therefore, in order to fulfill this
desire he started the Aligarh movement. He had two
immediate objectives in view:
• 1) To remove the state of tension between the Muslims
and the British government, and
• 2) To induce them to get jobs and other facilities under
the new government.

9. Cont’d
• The ideas of Sir Syed may be summed up
as following:
• 1. To create an atmosphere of mutual
understanding between
• the British government and the Muslims
• 2. To motivate the Muslims to learn
Western education
• 3. To persuade Muslims to abstain from
agitational politics

10. Urdu – Hindi Controversy
• Urdu grew as common language of all the
Indians regardless of origin or religion but in
1867 the Benarsi Hindus started campaign to
replace Urdu by Hindi. To gain the objectives,
they declared numerous organizations, which
discouraged Sir Syed who said to Shakespeare
that since now both the nations could not live
together. Later the followers of Sir Syed tried
their level best to save Urdu language. Mohsin
ul Mulk was the outstanding person who
organized the Muslims in defense of Urdu.

11. Muslims as a Nation
• Sir Syed used the word ‘nation’ for the Muslims.
Some writers criticize that he declared Hindus
and Muslims one nation. But as a matter of fact,
he advocated the Hindu-Muslim unity that meant
‘the working relationship’ between the two
nations as once he said: “Hindus and Muslims
should try to be of one mind in matters which
affected their progress.” He favored separate
electorate for the Muslims in 1883 saying that
the majority would override the interests of the
minority.

12. Cont’d
• In 1888, he set up the Patriotic Association
to meet the propaganda of the Congress.
Muslims and Hindus joined the
Association. It advocated the Muslims’
emotions.
• In December 1893, Sir Syed founded the
Association. Its main purpose was to
protect the political, religious and social
rights of the Muslims.

13. Ideology of Allama Iqbal for
Pakistan to be:
• Allama Muhammad Iqbal! A
great poet, thinker,
philosopher, scholar and
politician.
• When Iqbal was born, it was
the time of troubles for Indian
Muslims.
• From 1899 – 1905, Iqbal
served as Lecturer
(Philosophy) in Oriental
College, Lahore.
• In 1905, Iqbal went to
Germany, where he did his
Ph.D. in Philosophy
• In 1926, Iqbal started his
political career when he was
elected as member of Punjab
Imperial Legislative Council
(PILC).

14. Ideology of Allama Iqbal for
Pakistan to be:
• In 1911 census Iqbal wrote an essay
“ISLAMIC CULTURE”—in which he clearly
describes, survival of the Muslims will only
possible when they have quality such as
“Orangzaib Alamgir” in their role. Whose
faith is not secularism but it should be
purified Muslim thoughts. He defined his
view in the next sentence that Islam is a
name of ideology of religion, it contains a
wide study.

15. • In 1930,Allama Iqbal presented his mature
political opinion on the political fate of
Indian Muslims in his presedential address
at Allahbad at the annual session of
Muslim League.He said:
• “I am fully convinced that the Muslims of
India will ultimately have to establish a
separate homeland as they could not live
with the Hindus in the United States.”

16. • “India is a continent of human beings belonging to
different races,speaking different languages and
professing different religions ….,I,therefore
demand the formation of a consolidated Muslim
state inthe best intrest of India and Islam.”
• “I would like to see the Punjab, North West
Frontiers Province, Sindh and Baluchistan
amalgamated into a single state self-government
within the British Empire or without the British
Empire ,the formation of a consolidated North-
West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the
final destiny of the Muslims at least of North-West
India.”

17. • In March 1932, he again gave the
framework at the proposed Muslim state,
he stated: “there is need to amend the
whole ummah, so that we can fulfill our
hopes and achieve our aims, first of all we
have to change our methods, God does
not help those, who do not help
themselves. Success is not possible in any
field without the intellectual
independence”.

18. • On March 1937 he said:
• “We must not ignored the fact
that the whole future of Islam as a moral
and political force in Asia rests very largely
on a complete organization of Indian
Muslim.

19. • “You should not equate your
community with western
the nation of prophet is unique in its
composition”

20. Quaid-i-Azam and Ideology of
Pakistan
* Born in 1876
* Early education Sindh
Madrassatul Islam
• Studied Bar at Law in England
• On return settled in Bombay
* Started political career in
1906
*1913 joined All India Muslim
League
* 1916 became Presedent

21. 2nd Round Table Conference
• Quaid-e-Azam believed that Congress and
Hindus would never recognize the rights of
Muslims. He declared while representing
the Muslims in the 2nd Round Table
Conference
“The Hindu Muslim dispute must be settled before the
enforcements of any system or constitution. Until you do not give
guarantee for the safeguard of the Muslim interests until you do
not win their (Muslims) co-operations, any constitution you
enforce shall not last for even 24 hours.”

22. QUAID-E-AZAM AND TWO
NATION THEORY
• Quiad-e-Azam was a firm advocate of two
nation theory which became the
ideological basis Pakistan. He considered
the Muslims as a separate nation.
• “Pakistan was created the day the first
Indian National entered the field of
Islam”.
He Said,
• ” The Muslims are a nation by every right to
establish their separate homeland. They can
adopt any means to promote and protect
their economic social, political and cultural
interests.”
He defined two nation
Theory as

23. ADDRESS ON 23RD MARCH,1940-
PAKISTAN RESOLUTION
“India is not a nation,nor a country.It is a Sub
Continent of nationalities.Hindus and Muslims
being the two major nations.The hindus and
Muslims belongs to two different
religions,Philosphies,social customs and
literature.They neither intermarry nor interdine and
they belong to two different civilization which are
based mainly on conflicting ideas and
conceptions.Their aspects on life and of are
different.It is quite clear that Hindus and Muslims
derive their inspiration from different sources of
history.”

24. Address in Aligarh University
On March 8,1944 Quaid-i-Azam while
addressing in Muslim University Aligarh, said;
“Actually Pakistan came into being when the
very first Hindu converted into Muslim, it
happened, when there was no rule of
Muslims. The foundation of Muslims is
Kalama-e- Tauheed rather than state or race.
When a Hindu converted his religion he
became a member of separate nation and
new nation came into being.”

25. QUAID-E-AZAM AND MILLAT-
E-ISLAMIA
• Quaid-e-Azam emphasized on the Islamic
idology as being the basis of the struggle for
Pakistan because he believed that only Islam
was the unifying force of the Muslim Millat.He
said:
• “What relationships knits the Muslims into
one hole ,which is the formidable rock on
which the Muslim edifice has been erected,
which is the sheet anchor providing base to
the Muslim Millat, the relationship, the sheet
anchor and the rock is Holy Quran.”

26. ADDRESS ON 18TH JUNE
1945
• In his message to the frontier Muslim
student Federation,he said:
• “Pakistan only means freedom and
independence but Muslims Ideology,which
has to be preseved which has come to us
as a precious gift and treasure and which
we hope,others will share with us.”

27. ADDRESS AT ISLAMIA
COLLEGE PESHAWAR
• In 1946,Quaid-e-Azam declared:
• “We do not demand Pakistan simply to
have a piece of land but we want a
Laboratory where we could experiment on
Islamic principles.”