Abstract The tube hydro forming process (THF) is an unconventional metal forming process, where in tube is deformed internally and thus it is forced to expand and conform to the shape of the surrounding die. The performance of this process depends on various parameters like internal pressure, axial loading etc. For FEA simulation, it requires proper combination of material selection, part design and boundary conditions. The estimated process parameters are optimized using FEA simulations. In this work, free bulge shaped tube die was modeled by using Auto CAD. Subsequently, the processes were simulated using DEFORM-3D and it has been verified with experimental work under proper boundary and loading condition. Process parameters study also been conducted. It has been found that the estimated process parameters, developed branch height and the wall thickness distribution along different planes are in good coincidence with experimental results. Keywords: Tube hydroforming, Free bulge forming, DE-FORM Software, EN-31, Axial feeding, internal fluid pressure, FEA Simulation, loading path.
Hydroforming process aids to improve the manufacturing of automobile parts and reduce industrial waste, utilization of the product, increase the efficiency of a plant, recycling efficient disassembly etc.
Hydroforming process aids to improve the manufacturing of automobile parts and reduce industrial waste, utilization of the product, increase the efficiency of a plant, recycling efficient disassembly etc.
Investigation of Metal Removal Rate and Surface Finish on Inconel 718 by Abra...AM Publications
Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) cutting has proven to be an effective technology for material processing with the distinct advantages of no thermal distortion, high machining versatility, high flexibility and small cutting forces. In this paper, Taguchi robust design analysis is employed to determine optimal combination of process parameters. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is also applied to identify the most significant factor. The process parameters such as pressure, transverse speed, stand of distance and abrasive flow rate are optimized to investigate their influence on Metal Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (Ra) of Inconel. Experiments are carried out by L9 orthogonal array and the results are provided to verify this approach and credible tendencies of output parameters with respect to the input parameters are discussed, from which recommendations are made for process control and optimization.
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
Design of waste heat driven vapour adsorption cooling system for vehicle air ...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this present era more & more focus is to be given on energy conservation. Refrigeration & air conditioning is one of the growing field of engineering, the existing system are hampering the environment as they are suffering from various environmental problems such as depletion of ozone layer & global warming due to emission of harmful gases such as HFC’s ,CFC’s & CO2 as they were using traditional refrigerants. Waste heat driven Vapour adsorption cooling system is eco-friendly, efficient, & reliable in nature. But on the other hand this system having lowers COP as compare to existing systems which is Due to the lack of research and advancement in the system. By considering the environmental aspects & need of energy conservation it is necessary to design and developed the VAR’s system which will successfully compete the existing systems. This paper will give the idea about the Design of waste heat driven vapour adsorption system of 2KW capacity for vehicle air-conditioning & refrigeration application. The adsorber bed is the heart of the cooling system and it can affect the performance of the system to the greater extent. So that while designing the VAR cooling system more focused is given on design and selection of adsorber bed. This article mainly focused on the various and important design parameters of the vapour adsorption cooling system Such as Adsorber bed design, adsorber and adsorbate mass, design of evaporator & condenser, Coefficient of performance(COP), Specific cooling power (SCP) and the other performance affecting parameters. Keywords: Vapour Adsorption, Design Parameters, Low Grade Thermal Energy, Adsorbate & Adsorbent.
Effect of Process Parameters on Micro Hardness of Mild Steel Processed by Sur...IOSR Journals
Surface grinding process can be utilized to create flat shapes at a high production rate and low
cost.. In this investigation, indigenously designed set up were used for evaluating the surface grinding process
was established. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of surface grinding process
parameters i.e. Inlet pressure of coolant, grinding wheel speed, work-piece speed, and nozzle angle on the micro
hardness of the mild steel specimen. In the present study Horizontal spindle and reciprocating table type
surface grinding machine fitted with test rig is used and cutting fluid is applied through the convergent nozzle to
throw the cutting fluids at the cutting zone. In order to evaluate the effect of selected process parameters, one
variable approach has been used in the present study. Plots of various Micro Hardness responses have been
used to determine the relationship between the output response and the input parameters. The value of
microhardness of grinded mild steel work-piece varies from 292.63 to 370.73 HV
Squeeze cast process on aluminium matrix composites(AMC
), basic process theory, process parameters, desirable property change, strength, optimum process parameters..
Design And Fabrication of Turbulator for swirl motion flow study SetupDIPRANJAN GUPTA
We are manufacturing 3 models of Staggerd Turbulator and 3 models of Non Staggerd Turbulator. To convert laminar flow into a turbulent flow. We are making this product with the help of copper strips. We are taking 100cm rod of 2mm dia in which we are placing copper strips of traingular blade. In a staggerd turbulator we are making 3 models of 3 different pitches and 3 different angles.
Comparative study of behaviour of cold formed steeland hot rolled steel secti...eSAT Journals
Abstract Cold-formed steel is used in large number of products. For example in metal building construction, for wall coverings, floor decking etc. Cold-formed steel is a basic component in construction of lightweight prefabricated structures like stud frame panels, trusses and portal frames.The Cold formed steel term itself make it different from hot rolled steel due to difference in manufacturing methods. Typically columns, beams and angles etc. are different globally. At room temperature cold formed steel members are formed by bending flat sheets. Cold formed steel sections mainly created using two methods those are break press through and rolling. Where hot rolled steel members are precasted. Therefore cold formed steel sections can be easily available at any place where hot rolled sections are not available. The cold formed steel components can be used for larger and complex structures. The Comparison of cold formed steel section and Hot rolled steel section of equal cross sectional area is done in this research paper. Sections were experimentally tested under axial compression in universal testing machine. Simultaneously, ultimate compressive strength of cold formed members and hot rolled members has been investigated. Also, different properties of the sections such as stresses induced in the sections, strain in the section, axial deflection, and lateral deflection are obtained experimentally. For measuring strain experimentally strain gage foils were used. The validation of results is done by preparing finite element model in ABAQUS software. From experimental work it is observed that cold formed steel sections has more load carrying capacity as compared to hot rolled steel section. Keywords: Ultimate compressive strength, buckling, cold formed steel, deflection, stress, strain, ABAQUS
Computational study of a trailblazer multi reactor tundish (mrt) for improvin...eSAT Journals
Abstract Increasing the production efficiency of the continuous casting process requires casting longer sequences of ladles without stopping and restarting the caster. As the demand for wider ranges of steel products increases at the same time, the intermixing of dissimilar grades is becoming a problem of growing concern. When high grade dissimilar grade steel intermixed, huge amount of metal is lost from down gradation. With increased usage of steel for critical applications, the demand for cleaner steel has increased. Existing technologies have been improved and new technologies are being introduced all along the process route to minimize the size and quantity of inclusions. The bad effect of inclusion is it creates sliver in the hot rolled coil. To overcome the aforementioned problems a novel multi reactor tundish (MRT) technology has been developed which will decrease the intermixed amount during grade transition. Simultaneously it will increase the quality of steel by removing inclusion by increasing the plug flow and residence time in tundish. A computational study of the newly developed tundish has been done by using Fluent 6.3 computational fluid dynamics software and the results has been compared with two different type of normal tundish used in industry. Keywords: Tundish, Grade Transition, Inclusion, Yield
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effect of Thickness of Tubes on Pressure of Flare
Original Research Article
Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research Vol. 1 (3), 2014, 52–55
M.T. Hannachi *, B. Dahech, H. Guelouche, M. Fareh
Complexity of pilgering in nuclear applicationsIJERA Editor
Nuclear reactors use various types and sections of tubes manufactured with exotic materials meeting special
requirements. These Tubes are manufactured using a Cold working process of Pilgering. Pilgering process is
influenced by a lot of factors making it a highly complex process. In this paper the various influencing factors
are compiled, segregated and briefly discussed.
Hydroforming processes have become popular in recent years, due to the increasing demands for lightweight parts in various fields, such as bicycle, automotive, aircraft and aerospace industries. This technology is relatively new as compared with rolling, forging or stamping. Comparing to conventional manufacturing via stamping and welding, tube (THF) and sheet (SHF) Hydroforming offers several advantages, such as decrease in work piece cost, tool cost and product weight, improvement of structural stability and increase of the strength and stiffness of the formed parts, more uniform thickness distribution, fewer secondary operations, etc. This presentation presents extensive possibilities of component development by means of Hydroforming processes.
Investigation of Metal Removal Rate and Surface Finish on Inconel 718 by Abra...AM Publications
Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) cutting has proven to be an effective technology for material processing with the distinct advantages of no thermal distortion, high machining versatility, high flexibility and small cutting forces. In this paper, Taguchi robust design analysis is employed to determine optimal combination of process parameters. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is also applied to identify the most significant factor. The process parameters such as pressure, transverse speed, stand of distance and abrasive flow rate are optimized to investigate their influence on Metal Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (Ra) of Inconel. Experiments are carried out by L9 orthogonal array and the results are provided to verify this approach and credible tendencies of output parameters with respect to the input parameters are discussed, from which recommendations are made for process control and optimization.
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
Design of waste heat driven vapour adsorption cooling system for vehicle air ...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this present era more & more focus is to be given on energy conservation. Refrigeration & air conditioning is one of the growing field of engineering, the existing system are hampering the environment as they are suffering from various environmental problems such as depletion of ozone layer & global warming due to emission of harmful gases such as HFC’s ,CFC’s & CO2 as they were using traditional refrigerants. Waste heat driven Vapour adsorption cooling system is eco-friendly, efficient, & reliable in nature. But on the other hand this system having lowers COP as compare to existing systems which is Due to the lack of research and advancement in the system. By considering the environmental aspects & need of energy conservation it is necessary to design and developed the VAR’s system which will successfully compete the existing systems. This paper will give the idea about the Design of waste heat driven vapour adsorption system of 2KW capacity for vehicle air-conditioning & refrigeration application. The adsorber bed is the heart of the cooling system and it can affect the performance of the system to the greater extent. So that while designing the VAR cooling system more focused is given on design and selection of adsorber bed. This article mainly focused on the various and important design parameters of the vapour adsorption cooling system Such as Adsorber bed design, adsorber and adsorbate mass, design of evaporator & condenser, Coefficient of performance(COP), Specific cooling power (SCP) and the other performance affecting parameters. Keywords: Vapour Adsorption, Design Parameters, Low Grade Thermal Energy, Adsorbate & Adsorbent.
Effect of Process Parameters on Micro Hardness of Mild Steel Processed by Sur...IOSR Journals
Surface grinding process can be utilized to create flat shapes at a high production rate and low
cost.. In this investigation, indigenously designed set up were used for evaluating the surface grinding process
was established. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of surface grinding process
parameters i.e. Inlet pressure of coolant, grinding wheel speed, work-piece speed, and nozzle angle on the micro
hardness of the mild steel specimen. In the present study Horizontal spindle and reciprocating table type
surface grinding machine fitted with test rig is used and cutting fluid is applied through the convergent nozzle to
throw the cutting fluids at the cutting zone. In order to evaluate the effect of selected process parameters, one
variable approach has been used in the present study. Plots of various Micro Hardness responses have been
used to determine the relationship between the output response and the input parameters. The value of
microhardness of grinded mild steel work-piece varies from 292.63 to 370.73 HV
Squeeze cast process on aluminium matrix composites(AMC
), basic process theory, process parameters, desirable property change, strength, optimum process parameters..
Design And Fabrication of Turbulator for swirl motion flow study SetupDIPRANJAN GUPTA
We are manufacturing 3 models of Staggerd Turbulator and 3 models of Non Staggerd Turbulator. To convert laminar flow into a turbulent flow. We are making this product with the help of copper strips. We are taking 100cm rod of 2mm dia in which we are placing copper strips of traingular blade. In a staggerd turbulator we are making 3 models of 3 different pitches and 3 different angles.
Comparative study of behaviour of cold formed steeland hot rolled steel secti...eSAT Journals
Abstract Cold-formed steel is used in large number of products. For example in metal building construction, for wall coverings, floor decking etc. Cold-formed steel is a basic component in construction of lightweight prefabricated structures like stud frame panels, trusses and portal frames.The Cold formed steel term itself make it different from hot rolled steel due to difference in manufacturing methods. Typically columns, beams and angles etc. are different globally. At room temperature cold formed steel members are formed by bending flat sheets. Cold formed steel sections mainly created using two methods those are break press through and rolling. Where hot rolled steel members are precasted. Therefore cold formed steel sections can be easily available at any place where hot rolled sections are not available. The cold formed steel components can be used for larger and complex structures. The Comparison of cold formed steel section and Hot rolled steel section of equal cross sectional area is done in this research paper. Sections were experimentally tested under axial compression in universal testing machine. Simultaneously, ultimate compressive strength of cold formed members and hot rolled members has been investigated. Also, different properties of the sections such as stresses induced in the sections, strain in the section, axial deflection, and lateral deflection are obtained experimentally. For measuring strain experimentally strain gage foils were used. The validation of results is done by preparing finite element model in ABAQUS software. From experimental work it is observed that cold formed steel sections has more load carrying capacity as compared to hot rolled steel section. Keywords: Ultimate compressive strength, buckling, cold formed steel, deflection, stress, strain, ABAQUS
Computational study of a trailblazer multi reactor tundish (mrt) for improvin...eSAT Journals
Abstract Increasing the production efficiency of the continuous casting process requires casting longer sequences of ladles without stopping and restarting the caster. As the demand for wider ranges of steel products increases at the same time, the intermixing of dissimilar grades is becoming a problem of growing concern. When high grade dissimilar grade steel intermixed, huge amount of metal is lost from down gradation. With increased usage of steel for critical applications, the demand for cleaner steel has increased. Existing technologies have been improved and new technologies are being introduced all along the process route to minimize the size and quantity of inclusions. The bad effect of inclusion is it creates sliver in the hot rolled coil. To overcome the aforementioned problems a novel multi reactor tundish (MRT) technology has been developed which will decrease the intermixed amount during grade transition. Simultaneously it will increase the quality of steel by removing inclusion by increasing the plug flow and residence time in tundish. A computational study of the newly developed tundish has been done by using Fluent 6.3 computational fluid dynamics software and the results has been compared with two different type of normal tundish used in industry. Keywords: Tundish, Grade Transition, Inclusion, Yield
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effect of Thickness of Tubes on Pressure of Flare
Original Research Article
Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research Vol. 1 (3), 2014, 52–55
M.T. Hannachi *, B. Dahech, H. Guelouche, M. Fareh
Complexity of pilgering in nuclear applicationsIJERA Editor
Nuclear reactors use various types and sections of tubes manufactured with exotic materials meeting special
requirements. These Tubes are manufactured using a Cold working process of Pilgering. Pilgering process is
influenced by a lot of factors making it a highly complex process. In this paper the various influencing factors
are compiled, segregated and briefly discussed.
Hydroforming processes have become popular in recent years, due to the increasing demands for lightweight parts in various fields, such as bicycle, automotive, aircraft and aerospace industries. This technology is relatively new as compared with rolling, forging or stamping. Comparing to conventional manufacturing via stamping and welding, tube (THF) and sheet (SHF) Hydroforming offers several advantages, such as decrease in work piece cost, tool cost and product weight, improvement of structural stability and increase of the strength and stiffness of the formed parts, more uniform thickness distribution, fewer secondary operations, etc. This presentation presents extensive possibilities of component development by means of Hydroforming processes.
Experimental and numerical study of defects in pressuresed cylindrical shells...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In order to conduct a comprehensive study on the harmfulness of defects in the pressure vessels, and in order to propose simple rules to characterize the harmfulness of existing defects in pressurized installations. An experimental study based on the monitoring of deformations by strain gauges in the vicinity of defects. In parallel, during pressure testing, the evolution of defects is detected and followed by the acoustic emission method. The specific instrumentation has been designed and implemented. Mini-structures ( models) have therefore been carried out with positional defects and different orientation. These experimental results validated by a numerical model of finite elements.
Keywords: Pressure vessels, Cylindrical shells, Defect harmfulness, Circumferential and longitudinal Crack, Strain gauges, Acoustic emission, Stress Intensity Factor.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of single screw extruders in cable in...eSAT Journals
Abstract The flow of polymer pellets along the solid conveying screw of a single screw extruder is studied by use of a numerical model
based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM). The screw profile of existing Nokia-Malifer plastic extrusion devices (for cable
industries) was mesured.Model predictions used is the Power law for Non-Newtonian Fluid, the results are compared with
experimental data, showing a good match. The feasiability of using CFD models for designing plastic extrusion devices is
analyzed. Basic parameters such as temperature, velocity profiles and pressure show high degree of similarity to practical results.
KeyWords: CFD, Single Screw Extruder, Ansys Fluent, Numerical Simulation
Mould flow and structural analysis of injection mould tool for hooter body co...eSAT Journals
Abstract Injection moulding is process of manufacturing plastics products from both thermo and thermosetting plastic materials. This paper presents the part modeling, design of core-cavity and side core by using SOLID WORKS 2012, the mould flow analysis is carried out by MOLD FLOW ADVISOR 2105 and static structural analysis performed using ANSYS V14.5. The mould tool is of single cavity mould and material planned for producing the component is polypropylene (pp) Keywords: injection moulding, core-cavity, plastic material, mould flow and static structural analysis.
Surface quality enrichment using fine particle impact damper in boring operat...eSAT Journals
Abstract Boring operations are challenging owing to limited process performance due to inherent tool overhang and resulting vibrations. The tool vibrations can be suppressed with insertion of suitable damping methodology. The fine particle impact damping offers a better damping method. Due to its conceptual simplicity, potential effectiveness over a wide frequency range, temperature and degradation insensitivity and cost-effectiveness, particle damping is an attractive passive damping. The fine particles embedded within small hole in a vibrating structure to dissipate the exciting energy thereby damping the vibrations. The present work, investigates the improvement of surface quality of boring operation using fine particle impact damper. Substantial improvement of surface quality of the internally machined surfaces has been noticed in the experiments. Keywords: Boring tool, Impact damping, Surface quality, Tool overhang, vibration control.
Parametric analysis and multi objective optimization of cutting parameters in...eSAT Journals
Abstract Modern manufacturers, seeking to remain competitive in the market, rely on their Manufacturing engineers and production personnel to quickly and effectively set up manufacturing processes for new products. This paper presents the multi response optimization of turning parameters for Turning on AISI 4340 Alloy Steel. Experiments are designed and conducted based on Taguchi’s L27 Orthogonal array design. This paper discusses an investigation into the use of Taguchi parameter Design and Regression analysis to predict and optimize the Surface Roughness, Metal Removal Rate and Power Consumption in turning operations using CVD Cutting Tool. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is employed to analyze the influence of Process Parameters during Turning. This paper also remarks the advantages of multi-objective optimization approach over the single-objective one. The useful results have been obtained by this research for other similar type of studies and can be helpful for further research works on the Tool life and Vibration of tools etc. Keywords: Turning, Ra, MRR, PC, Taguchi, Anova etc…
Parametric analysis and multi objective optimization of cutting parameters in...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Trustworthy prediction of bursting strength of ductile iron pipes based on fi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to predict the bursting pressure of ductile iron pipes using Fitnet FSS criterion. The failure
of the pipes was evaluated based on the Tresca and von Mises criteria. The significance of crack dimensions was recognized using
Taguchi techniques. The highly influencing crack dimensions were pipe thickness and crack depth. The results obtained by the
Fitnet FSS criterion have been in line with those of experimentation.
Keywords: Ductile iron, crack depth, crack length, bursting pressure, Fitnet FSS, Tresca criterion, von Mises criterion.
An overview of stress analysis of high energy pipeline systems used in therma...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Pile Foundation by Venkatesh Taduvai (Sub Geotechnical Engineering II)-conver...
Simulative analysis of tube hydroforming process
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 11 | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 756
SIMULATIVE ANALYSIS OF TUBE HYDROFORMING PROCESS
B.Sreenivasulu1
, G. Prasanthi2
, T. Naresh Kumar3
1
Asst.Professor, MECH, MITS Madanapalle, A.P, India, sreenivasulub@mits.ac.in
2
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNTUA College of Engineering, Anantapur, India
3
P.G.Student, MECH, MITS Madanapalle, A.P, India, nareshpiler@gmail.com
Abstract
The tube hydro forming process (THF) is an unconventional metal forming process, where in tube is deformed internally and thus it is
forced to expand and conform to the shape of the surrounding die. The performance of this process depends on various parameters
like internal pressure, axial loading etc. For FEA simulation, it requires proper combination of material selection, part design and
boundary conditions. The estimated process parameters are optimized using FEA simulations.
In this work, free bulge shaped tube die was modeled by using Auto CAD. Subsequently, the processes were simulated using
DEFORM-3D and it has been verified with experimental work under proper boundary and loading condition. Process parameters
study also been conducted. It has been found that the estimated process parameters, developed branch height and the wall thickness
distribution along different planes are in good coincidence with experimental results.
Keywords: Tube hydroforming, Free bulge forming, DE-FORM Software, EN-31, Axial feeding, internal fluid pressure,
FEA Simulation, loading path.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Tube hydroforming is a one of the most commonly used
unconventional metal forming process in Automotive and
aerospace industry to produce hallow shapes with complex
geometries by using axial force and internal pressure. Tube
Hydroforming is also called by many other names Such as
bulge forming of tubes, hydraulic pressure and liquid bulge
forming depending on the time and country in which it was
used. In recent years more researches has done on Tube
hydroforming by using FEA software such as LS-DYNA,
ABAQUS, PAM-STAMP, AUTO-FORM, DE-FORM. These
are used to study and analyze the various processes parameters
axial force and internal pressure, friction effect, thickness
distribution. Most failure modes in THF can be classified as
wrinkling, buckling, bursting. These types of failures are
caused by either excessive internal pressure or excessive axial
end feed during the forming process. The principle of free
bulge test is simple; a metal tubular specimen is loaded with
internal pressure and expands, undergoing plastic deformation
until bursting occurs. During the process the tubes locked on
both ends and straighten freely using hydraulic internal
pressure. This paper aims to analyze the hydroforming
process by using DE-FORM software and compare the
simulation results with experimental results The process
provides a number of advantages in comparison with
conventional manufacturing via stamping and welding such
as:
1. Part consolidation resulting in weight reduction of the
component,
2. Weight reduction through more efficient section
design and tailoring of the wall thickness,
3. Reduced tooling cost, dimensional variations and
scrap rate.
4. Improved structural strength and stiffness,
5. Less number of secondary operations.
1.1 Applications of THF
Fig.1. Chevy SSR Hydroformed frame
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 11 | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 757
Fig.2. Pipe bindings
2. OBJECTIVES
The present research work mainly deals with the following
topics
1. Comparing the hydro forming simulation results
with the experimental results.
2. To investigate the load prediction, velocity
distribution, damage and effective strain during
the hydroforming.
3. To study various process parameters effect on
the maximum branch height and wall thickness.
4. To analyze the tube hydroforming process
failures.
The following steps are involved during the DEFORM
Simulation:
1. Solid modeling
2. Material model
3. Contacts
4. Boundary condition
5. Loading
3. SPECIFICATIONS AND THEORETICAL
CALUCLATIONS
The principle of tube hydroforming is the tube is first filled
with a liquid emulsion of a water-soluble material after which
the die is closed. The tube is then forced to adopt the inner
contour of the die by application of an internal pressure and
two axial forces.
Fig.3 Detailing Specifications of the Tube and die
3.1 Failures in Tube Hydroforming
The risk of bursting is a result of too high internal pressure
and is initiated by a local neck in the tube wall, whereby the
onset of this local necking significantly depends on the initial
tube wall thickness. To prevent this risk it must be ensured
that the tube wall briefly comes into contact with the wall of
the tool at the latest before the onset of necking.
Fig. 4 Failures and Limits in Tube Hydroforming
The risk of buckling is posed at the start of the process by too
high axial loads on the initial tube, and it is also present for the
entire starting phase. So the risk of buckling can be avoided by
compensation the unsupported tube length with increasing in
the section modulus of the tube cross section through the
simultaneous expansion of the tube wall.
Wrinkles are, as exhibited during free forming at the intake
regions of the expansion zone, if the pure-shear path is
selected. These wrinkles cause no problem and are
straightened out during calibration.
3.2 Geometrical Specifications of the Tube
Table 1: Dimensions of the tube
Length
L (mm)
Internal diameter
tube
Di (mm)
Outer diameter
tube
D0 (mm)
Thickness
t0 (mm)
250mm 54.15 57.15 1.5
Table 2: Chemical Composition of EN-31
EN-
31
C Mn Si S Ni Mo P Cr
Wt.
%
1.0
8
0.5
3
0.2
5
0.01
5
0.3
3
0.0
6
0.02
2
1.4
6
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Table 3: Mechanical characteristics EN-31
Density(Kg/m3) 8900
Yield strength (MPa) 110
Modulus of elasticity
(MPa)
215000
Tensile strength
( MPa)
241.59
3.3 Theoretical Calculations
3.3.1 Process Parameter Evaluations
Fig.5 Illustration of free tube length
1. Free tube length
If 20 ≤ d0/t0 ≤ 45 → lf ≤ 2d0
If d0/t0 > 45 → lf <<2d0
If d0/t0 <20 → lf > 2d0
2. Corner radius of the die
R1 = 3t
3. Internal Pressure Limits
1. Internal pressure at yielding is calculated by
2. Maximum internal pressure can be calculated by
4. Sealing force
5. Friction force
3.3.2 Input Parameters
Internal pressure at yielding
Internal pressure at bursting
4. MODELING AND SIMULATIONS
4.1 Modeling of Tube, Dies and Axial Plungers
The solid models of tubler blank, top die and bottom die, axial
plungers with proper dimensions are shown below figures.
Fig.6 Solid Model Tubular blank
4.1.1 Tube blank details
Length L = 250 mm
Internal diameter Di = 54.15 mm
Outer diameter of tube D0 = 57.15 mm
Thickness of tube t0 = 1.5 mm
4.1.2 Die, Plunger for free bulge
Two upper and lower dies are modeled by using Auto cad as
shown in below. Model of the die is, as shown in the Figure.7
00
02
tD
t
P yyi
00
04
tD
t
P ubi
)( 00 sldPF ifriction
ysealing tRF 00
00
02
tD
t
P yyi
Mpa110
5.115.57
5.1*2
2034
Mpa59.241
5.115.57
5.1*4
39.2240
00
04
tD
t
P ubi
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Fig.7 Solid Model of die for free bulge forming
Die length Ld. = 250 mm
(Length perpendicular to tube axis)
Width b = 171.45 mm
(Width parallel to the tube axis)
Corner radius R1 = 5 mm
Tube cavity diameter d0 = 57.15 mm
Height of die H= 110 mm
The diameters of the two axial Plungers are same and models
of axial plunger shown in figure.8
Fig.8 Solid model of axial plunger
4.2 Fem Simulation Procedure
During simulation of Tube hydro firming process using
computer, we need to create computer models of the
deformation system and the metal forming process. Through
the last few years it has been discovered that it is expensive
and time consuming to use trial and error for the investigation
of tube hydroforming process and conventional metal forming
process. The application of numerical simulation of the
hydroforming process was help to engineers efficiently
improve the process development avoiding the cost and
limitations of real world parts.
Fig.9 Flow Chart for the Simulation
DEFORM is a Finite Element Method (FEM) based process
simulation system designed to analyze various forming and
heat treatment processes used by metal forming. By simulating
manufacturing processes on a computer, this advanced tool
allows engineers and designers to reduce the need for costly
shop floor trials and redesign of tooling and processes.
1. Improve tool and die design to reduce production and
material costs.
2. Shorten lead time in bringing new products to the
market.
For dies, rigid analysis was selected and the tube is
having have Isotropic behavior and after mesh verification
the simulation and experimental results were compared.
Material used for this analysis is EN -31. Mechanical and
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physical properties and tube dimensions are shown in Tables.
The following steps are involved during FEM based
DEFORM simulation process.
The objective of this work is to analyze the forming process in
detail, and compare the finite element simulation results with
the corresponding experiment results. Since complete FEM
formulation using DEFOERM software for THF is well
established, the mathematical calculations are not discussed
here.
5. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
The various simulated process parameters values are
compared with experimental values below.
5.1 Branch height
The final branch height (H) for free bulge forming from the
simulation results is compared with the hydro formed
experimental sample’s branch height. Table: 5 show the
results of the final branch height development. The maximum
deviation in the branch height obtained from simulation is
within ±5.9 % of the experimental value. The variation in the
simulation result may be due to various factors such as
(i) Accuracy of finite element modeling,
(ii) Frequently changing boundary and friction
conditions during the forming process and
(iii) Error in measurement of the wall thickness.
Table.5 Branch height comparison—experiment and
simulation results
Free-bulge
Maximum Internal pressure (MPa) 186
Maximum Feed (mm) 5.37
Branch height (mm) (Experimental) 9.81
Branch height (mm) (Simulation) 9.23
5.2 Effects of Variation of Internal Pressure to the
Branch Height
Simulations of free bulge forming are conducted to study the
effects of variation of internal pressure on the final branch
height (H) development. The boundary conditions and
material properties used are same as those used for previous
simulations with a tube length of 250 mm and die corner
radius of 5 mm. The plots in Fig.10 shows the relationship
between branch heights, with the increase of pressure the
branch height also increased. The graph shows the comparison
between the simulated and experimental branch heights. And
it is observed that the branch height in simulation is very much
closer to the experimental bulge heights. So it is concluded
that the simulated result value are reliable.
Fig.10 Experimental and simulated branch height vs. pressure
The free bulge tubes are modeled with 22485 tetrahedral
mapped meshed elements for the deformable blank portion
(i.e. tube). Contact boundary conditions of dies and plungers
are also specified. The loading paths/boundary conditions used
for the simulations were matched with the loading paths as
used length of the tube, i.e. from the center or forzy-plane
point of maximum branch height to towards tube end. Due to
the presence of plungers the wall thickness at the tube end has
decreased in comparison to the straight portion of the tube.
Thus in the wall thickness plots the thickness at the tube end
was ignored.
Fig.11 Simulation of free forming
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5.3 Load on Axial Punches
The deformation load during free bulging of hydro forming
simulation is shown in Fig.12 There are two different portions
in the deformation loading path. Firstly, deformation load
increases rapidly as shown in figure until initial flow of the
central part of the tube. After this, the load decreases to a
lower rate until the end of free forming.
Fig.12 Load prediction in x load
5.4 Velocity Distribution
Velocity distribution is shown in Fig.13 for free bulge hydro
tube forming. It is lower at the ends of the tube blank and is
higher at the center of the tube. This is because the axial load
is more effective at the ends of the tube. But in the case of free
bulge, this velocity has distributed up to the center of the tube
because more material is moving to the deformation zone. At
the ends of the tube, nodal velocity for free bulge is 0.503
mm/s.
Fig.13 Velocity distribution of free bulges forming THF
The axial feed between two axial plungers i.e., objet4 and
object5 are shown in Fig.14.The axial feed is mutually applied
with the corresponding time. The velocity is increases with the
time increment up to 1mm/sec and then maintains constantly
show in fig.14
Fig. 14 Time vs. velocity distribution in x direction
5.5 Effective Strain
The distribution of Effective plastic strain is shown in Fig.15
the distribution in the center of the tube is biggest value of
effective strain but no failure occurs due to predominant
compressive strain. In the fig shows red colour zone part of
the tube, effective strain is smaller than that in the center, but
tensile strain is predominant, so this is the region where failure
occurs. Another important aspect is the radius region bellow
the plane part in the tube. It has a similar behavior of biaxial
stretching.
Fig. 15 strain effective with mesh mode
5.6 Stress Effective
Effective stress distribution for free bulge forming is shown in
Fig. Due to compressive load, the stresses occur at the ends of
tube. At the center of the tube, the tangential stresses are
predominant. These tangential stresses occur due to internal
pressure. Due to higher tangential stress at the center of the
tube (at the protrusion), fracture occurs shows in fig16
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Fig.16 Stress Effective with Mesh
The experimental results of free bulge forming compared with
THF simulation results with proper boundary conditions and
loading paths. The DEFORM-3D simulation results for branch
height obtained and the strain and stress effective distribution
during forming, total velocity travel are compared with
experimental results. Various simulation results can also be
used for different parametric studies using the postprocessor
of the simulation solver.
CONCLUSIONS
From various simulations conducted for free bulge shaped
tubes, it can be concluded that, in order to form a part with
relatively uniform wall thickness throughout the new
geometry while simultaneously maximizing the part
expansion, it is quite important to select the optimum tube
blank length, die radius and suitable contact lubrication
conditions.
From the various parameter studies, the wall thickness and the
branch height are most sensitive to friction, axial load, and
internal pressure. It is found that a maximum velocity takes
place in the plunger movement direction, whereas in
transverse direction there is comparatively lower velocity.
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BIOGRAPHIES
Mr.Bathina sreenivasulu, Assistant professor
in Mechanical Engineering Department,
Madanapalle institute of technology and
sciences, Angallu, Madanapalle. He has 5 years
of teaching experience and 3 years of industrial
experience. He completed M.Tech in 2007 at
Institute of technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
and pursuing Ph.D. at JNTUA College of engineering,
Anantapur Under the guidance of Dr.G.Prasanthi. He had
8. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 11 | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 763
guided 3 M.Tech projects and published 8 papers in various
National and International Journals and Conferences.
Dr.G.Prasanthi, Professor in Mechanical
Engineering Department, JNTUA College
of Engineering, Anantapur. She has 18
years of teaching experience. She has
guided 22 M.Tech projects and supervising
9 Ph.D students. She has published about
28 papers in various National and International Journals and
Conferences. She has completed an AICTE (R&D) Project
―Multi- Attribute Decision Models for the Design and
Operation of FMS ". Her areas of interest are CAD/CAM,
Manufacturing Systems Engineering and Energy
Conservation. She served as Board of Studies chairman for
Mechanical Engineering in 2011 at JNTUA CE, Anantapur.
T.Naresh Kumar, Pursuing M.Tech
(Machine design) in Madanapalle institute
of technology and sciences, Angallu,
Madanapalle. He completed B.Tech at Sri
Venkateswara College of engineering and
technology in Mechanical Engineering. He
has received his diploma in Automobile engineering in 2005.