International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Study on soundness of reinforced concrete structures by ndt approacheSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Comparison of Fatigue Characteristic for AISI 1039 Steel with Surface Treatmentijceronline
Wear and fatigue resistance in steel components used in various industries can be improved by surface treatments. Coatings systems which are used for improving the mechanical properties, generally, decreased the components fatigue life due to micro cracks, that propagate through the substrate , it is possible to improve the fatigue resistance of a component by the application of shot peening treatment, whose compressive residual stresses delay or eliminate the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. The aim of this study is to obtain the fatigue limit of untreated, shot peened, and hard chromium coating of medium carbon steel AISI 1039 and comparison between them. Fatigue tests were carried out using small samples with 4 mm diameter, with hard chromium layer of (47.1) µm thick. Rotating-bending fatigue test was carried out on samples after shot peening with steel balls of about 20 minutes peening time. Experimental results showed that hard chromium electroplating decreased the fatigue life and fatigue limit in comparison with the uncoated steel. As the highest thickness for coating was 23µm. On the other hand, Shot peening Results indicated that the fatigue strengths of samples are increased and the highest fatigue limit was (298.566Mpa) after treated the samples by shot peening for 20 minutes.
Study on soundness of reinforced concrete structures by ndt approacheSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Comparison of Fatigue Characteristic for AISI 1039 Steel with Surface Treatmentijceronline
Wear and fatigue resistance in steel components used in various industries can be improved by surface treatments. Coatings systems which are used for improving the mechanical properties, generally, decreased the components fatigue life due to micro cracks, that propagate through the substrate , it is possible to improve the fatigue resistance of a component by the application of shot peening treatment, whose compressive residual stresses delay or eliminate the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. The aim of this study is to obtain the fatigue limit of untreated, shot peened, and hard chromium coating of medium carbon steel AISI 1039 and comparison between them. Fatigue tests were carried out using small samples with 4 mm diameter, with hard chromium layer of (47.1) µm thick. Rotating-bending fatigue test was carried out on samples after shot peening with steel balls of about 20 minutes peening time. Experimental results showed that hard chromium electroplating decreased the fatigue life and fatigue limit in comparison with the uncoated steel. As the highest thickness for coating was 23µm. On the other hand, Shot peening Results indicated that the fatigue strengths of samples are increased and the highest fatigue limit was (298.566Mpa) after treated the samples by shot peening for 20 minutes.
It is known that one of the major negative impacts of the corrosion of steel
structures is the reduction in geometry. The calculations of the load-bearing capacity
of the steel elements depend on the geometric characteristics. The theory confirms that
if the geometric characteristics decrease, the load-bearing capacity of the steel
elements will also decrease. We conducted an experiment using the S355JR
construction steel to determine how the geometry changes. We used electro-chemical
accelerated corrosion on which our steel test samples were subjected. We interrupted
the electrochemical corrosion process at some point in order to make the necessary
measurements regarding the change in geometric characteristics of the test samples.
Once we received the experimental data, we processed them using the stochastic
method. We also performed theoretical calculations using classical theory and
determined the theoretical load-ability (force, bending moment) of our test samples.
We have come to the conclusion that the change in geometric characteristics is nonlinear
and results in a slight decrease in the corrosion of the steel elements, but
significantly reduces the theoretical ultimate load-capacity due to corrosion and the
corresponding decrease in geometric characteristics
Corrosion Measursement, Friction testing and XRD Analysis of Single Layer CrN...IJAEMSJORNAL
The purpose of present study was to investigate the erosive corrosive wear behavior of single layer (CrN) coatings on AISI 304 Stainless Steel samples with varying coating thickness (0-200 nm) in the range of 50 nm. The slurry jet erosive test was conducted on Slurry Jet Erosion Tester in saline slurry (3.5wt% salt) under the different working conditions with varying impact velocity (10-25 m/s), impingement angle (30°-75°) and erodent discharge (160-280 gm/min). Corrosion tests were conducted in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution using a Potentiostat, in order to analyze the corrosion behavior of the coated samples in sea water environment. Coefficient of friction was measured using a Scratch Tester. XRD analysis of the eroded samples indicated the presence of both CrN and Cr2N (200) in the coatings.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
STUDY OF RECAST LAYERS AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON AL-7075 METAL MATRIX COMPOSIT...ijmech
Demand for low weight to strength ratio for exclusive application in automobile and aerospace components created scope for advance studies on Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs). However, machining of MMCs challenges for conventional machining processes due to uneven hardness, matrix of composites and undesired tool life. Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the unconventional material removal process, which offers alternatives for machining of MMCs because, being a non-contact process it can be machine excessive harder material, intricate shape with better surface finish and tool life. The evolved heat during EDM process and subsequent flushing of machined debris and rapidly resolidified layer is formed by the re-solidification of residual molten material on the machined surface during the EDM process leaves behind recast layers which is extremely hard and brittle. In the presents study optimization of process parameters to minimize the surface roughness of the rapidly resolidified layer of Al 7075 MMC while
machining using EDM process is carried out using the Taguchi tequniues. The gap current, pulse on-time and pulse off-time were considered as process parameters. The formation of resolidified layers is investigated in terms of the surface roughness as response variables inside the hole and near the hole while EDM drilling.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Experimental Investigation of Process Parameters on Inconel 925 for EDM Proce...Vishal Kumar Jaiswal
Experimental Investigation of Process Parameters on Inconel 925 for EDM Process by using Taguchi Method
Research Paper Published by:
Vishal Kumar Jaiswal
M.Tech (Production and Industrial Engineering)
Paper Source:
http://www.ijsrd.com/articles/IJSRDV6I50198.pdf
http://ijsrd.com/Article.php?manuscript=IJSRDV6I50198
Fiber reinforced polymer reinforcement for construction state of the art revieweSAT Journals
Abstract
Development of civil engineering is intimately connected to innovation in structural material. To full fill the requirement of advance infrastructure in India, modern technologies and innovative materials has started to makes its way. Structures with bar corrosion and other distresses requires repair, rehabilitation and retrofits for increase strength, durability and much more life span. Fiber reinforce plastic (FRP) reinforcements provides solution for such work due to its non-corrosive and non-magnetic nature also high strength and low weight ratio. Now a day FRP materials are used for internal reinforcement for RC structures worldwide.
Keywords: Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), strength, durability, shear and flexure, fire endurance
Evaluation of the wear resistance behavior of zn ni and zn-ni sio2 composit...eSAT Journals
Abstract The sliding wear resistance behavior of Zn-Ni and Zn-Ni/SiO2 composite coatings were investigated using a sliding wear rig. Wear behavior was mainly evaluated based on weight loss measurements. Effect of applied load and no. of cycles on the weight loss of the coatings were given particular attention. Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) was used to investigate the wear tracks to determine the prevalent wear mechanisms. It was found that weight loss of Zn-11%Ni/1%SiO2 was lower than those of Zn-11%Ni and Zn-11%Ni/11%SiO2 with a constant load of 10N and increasing number of cycles. Their weight loss took the following trend; Zn-11%Ni/1%SiO2<zn-11%ni><zn-11%ni /><zn-11%ni1%sio2><zn-11%ni /><zn-11%1%sio2><Zn-11%Ni. Morphology of the wear tracks revealed that the wear mechanism of Zn-Ni/SiO2 coatings were mainly a function of particle content. Optimum wear resistance behavior was observed for coatings of Zn-Ni containing 1wt% SiO2 Keywords: Zn-Ni electrodeposition, composites, wear resistance, SiO2 nanoparticles
Modeling of Dirac voltage for highly p-doped graphene field-effect transistor...journalBEEI
In this paper, the modeling approach of Dirac voltage extraction of highly p-doped graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) measured at atmospheric pressure is presented. The difference of measurement results between atmospheric and vacuum pressures was analyzed. This work was started with actual wafer-scale fabrication of GFET with the purposes of getting functional device and good contact of metal/graphene interface. The output and transfer characteristic curves were measured accordingly to support on GFET functionality and suitability of presented wafer fabrication flow. The Dirac voltage was derived based on the measured output characteristic curve using ambipolar virtual source model parameter extraction methodology. The circuit-level simulation using frequency doubler circuit shows the importance of accurate Dirac voltage value to the device practicality towards design integration.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Study Effective of Wind Load on Behavior of ShearWall in Frame StructureIJERA Editor
Wind load is really the result of wind pressures acting on the building surfaces during a wind event. This wind
pressure is primarily a function of the wind speed because the pressure or load increases with the square of the
wind velocity.Structural walls, or shear walls, are elements used to resist lateral loads, such as those generated
by wind and earthquakes. Structural walls are considerably deeper than typical beams or columns. This attribute
gives structural walls considerable in-plane stiffness which makes structural walls a natural choice for resisting
lateral loads. In addition to considerable strength, structural walls can dissipate a great deal of energy if detailed
properly. Walls are an invaluable structural element when protecting buildings from seismic events. Buildings
often rely on structural walls as the main lateral force resisting system. Shear walls are required to perform in
multiple ways. Shear walls can then be designed to limit building damage to the specified degree. The loaddeformation
response of the structural walls must be accurately predicted and related to structural damage in
order to achieve these performance goals under loading events of various magnitudes. The applied load is
generally transferred to the wall by a diaphragm or collector or drag member. The performance of the framed
buildings depends on the structural system adopted for the structure The term structural system or structural
frame in structural engineering refers to load-resisting sub-system of a structure. The structural system
transfers loads through interconnected structural components or members. These structural systems need to be
chosen based on its height and loads and need to be carried out, etc. The selection of appropriate structural
systems for building must satisfy both strength and stiffness requirements. The structural system must be
adequate to resist lateral and gravity loads that cause horizontal shear deformation and overturning deformation.
The efficiency of a structural system is measured in terms of their ability to resist lateral load, which increases
with the height of the frame. A building can be considered as tall when the effect of lateral loads is reflected in
the design. Lateral deflections of framed buildings should be limited to prevent damage to both structural and
nonstructural elements. In the present study, the structural performance of the framed building with shear wall
will be analysis.
Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI...IJERA Editor
Brushless DC Motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high
torque and low volume. This paper proposed an improved Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller to control the speed of
BLDC motor. This paper provides an overview of different tuning methods of PID Controller applied to control
the speed of the transfer function model of the BLDC motor drive and then to the mathematical model of the
BLDC motor drive. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal
conventional PI controller. The experimental results verify that Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has better control
performance than the conventional PI controller. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have
been done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e.
speed and torque) as well as currents and voltages of the inverter components are observed by using the
developed model.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
It is known that one of the major negative impacts of the corrosion of steel
structures is the reduction in geometry. The calculations of the load-bearing capacity
of the steel elements depend on the geometric characteristics. The theory confirms that
if the geometric characteristics decrease, the load-bearing capacity of the steel
elements will also decrease. We conducted an experiment using the S355JR
construction steel to determine how the geometry changes. We used electro-chemical
accelerated corrosion on which our steel test samples were subjected. We interrupted
the electrochemical corrosion process at some point in order to make the necessary
measurements regarding the change in geometric characteristics of the test samples.
Once we received the experimental data, we processed them using the stochastic
method. We also performed theoretical calculations using classical theory and
determined the theoretical load-ability (force, bending moment) of our test samples.
We have come to the conclusion that the change in geometric characteristics is nonlinear
and results in a slight decrease in the corrosion of the steel elements, but
significantly reduces the theoretical ultimate load-capacity due to corrosion and the
corresponding decrease in geometric characteristics
Corrosion Measursement, Friction testing and XRD Analysis of Single Layer CrN...IJAEMSJORNAL
The purpose of present study was to investigate the erosive corrosive wear behavior of single layer (CrN) coatings on AISI 304 Stainless Steel samples with varying coating thickness (0-200 nm) in the range of 50 nm. The slurry jet erosive test was conducted on Slurry Jet Erosion Tester in saline slurry (3.5wt% salt) under the different working conditions with varying impact velocity (10-25 m/s), impingement angle (30°-75°) and erodent discharge (160-280 gm/min). Corrosion tests were conducted in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution using a Potentiostat, in order to analyze the corrosion behavior of the coated samples in sea water environment. Coefficient of friction was measured using a Scratch Tester. XRD analysis of the eroded samples indicated the presence of both CrN and Cr2N (200) in the coatings.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
STUDY OF RECAST LAYERS AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON AL-7075 METAL MATRIX COMPOSIT...ijmech
Demand for low weight to strength ratio for exclusive application in automobile and aerospace components created scope for advance studies on Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs). However, machining of MMCs challenges for conventional machining processes due to uneven hardness, matrix of composites and undesired tool life. Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the unconventional material removal process, which offers alternatives for machining of MMCs because, being a non-contact process it can be machine excessive harder material, intricate shape with better surface finish and tool life. The evolved heat during EDM process and subsequent flushing of machined debris and rapidly resolidified layer is formed by the re-solidification of residual molten material on the machined surface during the EDM process leaves behind recast layers which is extremely hard and brittle. In the presents study optimization of process parameters to minimize the surface roughness of the rapidly resolidified layer of Al 7075 MMC while
machining using EDM process is carried out using the Taguchi tequniues. The gap current, pulse on-time and pulse off-time were considered as process parameters. The formation of resolidified layers is investigated in terms of the surface roughness as response variables inside the hole and near the hole while EDM drilling.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Experimental Investigation of Process Parameters on Inconel 925 for EDM Proce...Vishal Kumar Jaiswal
Experimental Investigation of Process Parameters on Inconel 925 for EDM Process by using Taguchi Method
Research Paper Published by:
Vishal Kumar Jaiswal
M.Tech (Production and Industrial Engineering)
Paper Source:
http://www.ijsrd.com/articles/IJSRDV6I50198.pdf
http://ijsrd.com/Article.php?manuscript=IJSRDV6I50198
Fiber reinforced polymer reinforcement for construction state of the art revieweSAT Journals
Abstract
Development of civil engineering is intimately connected to innovation in structural material. To full fill the requirement of advance infrastructure in India, modern technologies and innovative materials has started to makes its way. Structures with bar corrosion and other distresses requires repair, rehabilitation and retrofits for increase strength, durability and much more life span. Fiber reinforce plastic (FRP) reinforcements provides solution for such work due to its non-corrosive and non-magnetic nature also high strength and low weight ratio. Now a day FRP materials are used for internal reinforcement for RC structures worldwide.
Keywords: Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), strength, durability, shear and flexure, fire endurance
Evaluation of the wear resistance behavior of zn ni and zn-ni sio2 composit...eSAT Journals
Abstract The sliding wear resistance behavior of Zn-Ni and Zn-Ni/SiO2 composite coatings were investigated using a sliding wear rig. Wear behavior was mainly evaluated based on weight loss measurements. Effect of applied load and no. of cycles on the weight loss of the coatings were given particular attention. Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEGSEM) was used to investigate the wear tracks to determine the prevalent wear mechanisms. It was found that weight loss of Zn-11%Ni/1%SiO2 was lower than those of Zn-11%Ni and Zn-11%Ni/11%SiO2 with a constant load of 10N and increasing number of cycles. Their weight loss took the following trend; Zn-11%Ni/1%SiO2<zn-11%ni><zn-11%ni /><zn-11%ni1%sio2><zn-11%ni /><zn-11%1%sio2><Zn-11%Ni. Morphology of the wear tracks revealed that the wear mechanism of Zn-Ni/SiO2 coatings were mainly a function of particle content. Optimum wear resistance behavior was observed for coatings of Zn-Ni containing 1wt% SiO2 Keywords: Zn-Ni electrodeposition, composites, wear resistance, SiO2 nanoparticles
Modeling of Dirac voltage for highly p-doped graphene field-effect transistor...journalBEEI
In this paper, the modeling approach of Dirac voltage extraction of highly p-doped graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) measured at atmospheric pressure is presented. The difference of measurement results between atmospheric and vacuum pressures was analyzed. This work was started with actual wafer-scale fabrication of GFET with the purposes of getting functional device and good contact of metal/graphene interface. The output and transfer characteristic curves were measured accordingly to support on GFET functionality and suitability of presented wafer fabrication flow. The Dirac voltage was derived based on the measured output characteristic curve using ambipolar virtual source model parameter extraction methodology. The circuit-level simulation using frequency doubler circuit shows the importance of accurate Dirac voltage value to the device practicality towards design integration.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Study Effective of Wind Load on Behavior of ShearWall in Frame StructureIJERA Editor
Wind load is really the result of wind pressures acting on the building surfaces during a wind event. This wind
pressure is primarily a function of the wind speed because the pressure or load increases with the square of the
wind velocity.Structural walls, or shear walls, are elements used to resist lateral loads, such as those generated
by wind and earthquakes. Structural walls are considerably deeper than typical beams or columns. This attribute
gives structural walls considerable in-plane stiffness which makes structural walls a natural choice for resisting
lateral loads. In addition to considerable strength, structural walls can dissipate a great deal of energy if detailed
properly. Walls are an invaluable structural element when protecting buildings from seismic events. Buildings
often rely on structural walls as the main lateral force resisting system. Shear walls are required to perform in
multiple ways. Shear walls can then be designed to limit building damage to the specified degree. The loaddeformation
response of the structural walls must be accurately predicted and related to structural damage in
order to achieve these performance goals under loading events of various magnitudes. The applied load is
generally transferred to the wall by a diaphragm or collector or drag member. The performance of the framed
buildings depends on the structural system adopted for the structure The term structural system or structural
frame in structural engineering refers to load-resisting sub-system of a structure. The structural system
transfers loads through interconnected structural components or members. These structural systems need to be
chosen based on its height and loads and need to be carried out, etc. The selection of appropriate structural
systems for building must satisfy both strength and stiffness requirements. The structural system must be
adequate to resist lateral and gravity loads that cause horizontal shear deformation and overturning deformation.
The efficiency of a structural system is measured in terms of their ability to resist lateral load, which increases
with the height of the frame. A building can be considered as tall when the effect of lateral loads is reflected in
the design. Lateral deflections of framed buildings should be limited to prevent damage to both structural and
nonstructural elements. In the present study, the structural performance of the framed building with shear wall
will be analysis.
Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI...IJERA Editor
Brushless DC Motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high
torque and low volume. This paper proposed an improved Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller to control the speed of
BLDC motor. This paper provides an overview of different tuning methods of PID Controller applied to control
the speed of the transfer function model of the BLDC motor drive and then to the mathematical model of the
BLDC motor drive. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal
conventional PI controller. The experimental results verify that Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has better control
performance than the conventional PI controller. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have
been done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e.
speed and torque) as well as currents and voltages of the inverter components are observed by using the
developed model.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Reducing And Analysizing of Flow Accelerated Corrosion at Thermal Power Plant...IJERA Editor
The purpose of this study is to Reducing and Analysing of Flow Accelerated Corrosion in Thermal Plant Heat Recovery Steam Generators. All these studies have been performed in a new and 16 year-old established Combined Cycle Power Plants in Turkey. Corrosion cases have been investigated due to Mechanical Outage Reports at Power Plant in 2011-2015. Flow Accelerated Corrosion study has been based on specific zone related with Economizer Low Pressure connection pipings. It was issued a performance report. Results and lessons learnt from these studies will be used as a preventive action manner in all similar Plants
Effect of Thickness of Tubes on Pressure of Flare
Original Research Article
Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research Vol. 1 (3), 2014, 52–55
M.T. Hannachi *, B. Dahech, H. Guelouche, M. Fareh
Effect of depth to thickness ratio and length to depth ratio on hollow sectio...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Influence of process parameters on depth of penetration of welded joint in mi...eSAT Journals
Abstract The effect of various welding process parameters on the weldability of Mild Steel specimens of grade EN-3A having dimensions 150mm× 100mm× 6 mm, welded by metal inert gas welding were investigated. The welding current, arc voltage, welding speed, are chosen as welding parameters. The depth of penetrations were measured for each specimen after the welding operation is done on closed butt joint and the effects of welding speed, current, voltage parameters on depth of penetration were investigated. Index Terms: Mild Steel (EN-3A), metal inert gas welding, welding current, arc voltage and welding speed.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : InIJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technologyternational Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Simulative analysis of tube hydroforming processeSAT Journals
Abstract The tube hydro forming process (THF) is an unconventional metal forming process, where in tube is deformed internally and thus it is forced to expand and conform to the shape of the surrounding die. The performance of this process depends on various parameters like internal pressure, axial loading etc. For FEA simulation, it requires proper combination of material selection, part design and boundary conditions. The estimated process parameters are optimized using FEA simulations. In this work, free bulge shaped tube die was modeled by using Auto CAD. Subsequently, the processes were simulated using DEFORM-3D and it has been verified with experimental work under proper boundary and loading condition. Process parameters study also been conducted. It has been found that the estimated process parameters, developed branch height and the wall thickness distribution along different planes are in good coincidence with experimental results. Keywords: Tube hydroforming, Free bulge forming, DE-FORM Software, EN-31, Axial feeding, internal fluid pressure, FEA Simulation, loading path.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Contact Pressure Validation of Steam Turbine Casing for Static Loading ConditionIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Piping Stress Analysis of a Hypothetical Oil Refinery Plant Having Separate S...IJSRD
In this study, a hypothetical simulation model is analyzed under varying uncertainty conditions; the key features of overlapping and functional interaction affect the performance measures of development time and effort. Findings indicate that, first and foremost, whether or not overlapping occurs, increasing functional interaction eventually leads to a sound system. A selective overview of group & individual process behaviors of a combined suction & discharge cycles of a hypothetical oil refinery plant is suggested. The pipe material is Carbon fiber reinforced plastic which is chosen because of its excellent length to weight ratio & it serves as an integral part the system which involves tank piping. This model uses psychologically legitimate & theoretically grounded models for time & decision rules. The results of preliminary simulation experiments suggest that the model is sensitive to structural & pay- off density & precisely replicates ideal free distributions. Pipe network models allow the modeling of storage tanks in which the working fluid (here, Naphtha) surface is inconsistent with inflow & outflow. Stress analysis of CFRP material shows that the maximum stresses are within allowable material strength. From the trials, it can be accomplished that, with proper design parameters, CFRP can take the design load similar to that of steel & other alloys
Investigation on Behaviour of Cold Formed Deep Joist Channel SectionDr. Amarjeet Singh
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Fs3310161019
1. Y K Bhingare, L.B.Raut / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.1016-1019
1016 | P a g e
Theoretical And Experimental Analysis Of Corroded Pipe
Strength
1
Y K Bhingare, 2
L.B.Raut,
Dept. of Mechanical Engg, COE,Pandharpur.
Abstract
Process industries have vast networks
of pipelines. Those pipelines are prone to
external and internal corrosion. Usually
environmental conditions and other operating
factors cause corrosion. Although there are
various ways to protect corrosion but it is
inevitable. It may lead to uniform material loss
of the wall thickness or pitting, which
corresponds to the local wall thickness reduction
or general form of cavitations. Corrosion cavity
can appear as simplified or in other general
form as shown in Fig. 1. These corrosion defects
can appear externally as well as internally.
Corrosion reduces strength of pipe leading to
risk on production, facilities and even human
life. To avoid failures due to corrosion and
ensure safe and continued operation, corrosion
has to be detected and measured. The strength
of these corroded areas has to be determined to
ensure safety of pipeline, facilities and human
life. In this paper different theoretical method
are mentioned which are used to evaluate
pressure carrying capacity corroded pipe. And
also brief information is added about
experimental validation of analytical methods. It
is very important to carry out periodic
assessment and inspection of the pipeline by
assessing remaining strength of corroded pipe.
Introduction
Corrosion reduces strength of pipe leading
to risk on production, facilities and even human
life. To avoid failures due to corrosion and ensure
safe and continued operation, corrosion has to be
detected and measured. The strength of these
corroded areas has to be determined to ensure
safety of pipeline, facilities and human life. It is
very important to carry out periodic assessment and
inspection of the pipeline by assessing remaining
strength of corroded pipe. Currently, industry
widely uses various codes (Empirical Relations) to
estimate the strength of corroded pipe which is
little time consuming and conservative. However,
strength of corroded pipe can be evaluated using
analytical, numerical and experimental methods.
Fig. 1: Typical Corrosion in Pipe
Typically following corrosion assessment methods
are used to estimate the burst pressure of corroded
pipe:
Analytical Method-
The basis for the well known ASME
B31G was developed in the late 1960’s and early
1970’s in a project sponsored by AGA-NGI8,
where a semi-empirical fracture mechanics formula
for calculating the remaining strength of a metal
loss defect was made .
The original formula was modified and became
known as B31G, and there allowable maximum
hoop stress and more conservative for thicker
walled pipelines.
Where Pb = Burst pressure of corroded
pipe.
D = Nominal diameter of pipe.
t = Wall thickness of pipe.
σu = Ultimate strength .
The ASME B31G criterion is developed
based on full scale tests of pressured to failure
corroded pipes. It allows determination of the
remaining strength of the corroded pipes and
estimating of the maximum allowable operating
pressure (MAOP). However, the B31G criterion
contains some simplifications. Another shortage, is
the possibility of only proving the pipe integrity
under internal pressure, other stresses are not taken
in to account. There is also restriction in assessable
2. Y K Bhingare, L.B.Raut / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.1016-1019
1017 | P a g e
defects, namely the corroded area depth can not be
greater than 80% of the wall thickness and not less
than 10%.This method is based on the
measurement of the longitudinal extent of the
corroded area as shown in Figure 2. It considers the
depth and longitudinal extent of corrosion, but
ignores its circumferential extent. Although
analytical methods are popular and widely used,
there are pressure detecting equipments to carry out
periodic assessment of strength of corroded pipe.
However, FEA based approach is not very popular
to evaluate strength of corroded pipe.
Fig. 2: Corrosion Parameters used in Analytical
Methods [6]
Methodology
As discussed in above section there are
analytical, numerical, experimental and statistical
methods available to estimate strength of corroded
pipe. From literature it is observed that some of the
currently in use corrosion assessment methods are
over conservative. When pipeline operators use
these codes for their fitness for service analysis,
they are probably subjected either to unnecessary
maintenance or to premature replacement of
pipelines. Some of the methods are less
conservative corrosion assessment method based
and might lead to failure of pipes due to incorrect
prediction of corroded pipe pressures. Hence
following objectives are outlined and proposed in
this work:
To study and evaluate advantages and
limitations of existing analytical methods
for strength assessment of corroded pipes.
To estimate corroded pipe strength using
commercial FEA tool ANSYS
Experimental validation of analytical and
FEA results
Analytical and FE analysis results are validated
using laboratory experimental set-up for corroded
pipes.
Numerical Approach ( FEA Approach)-
Steps-
a. Creating the model: - The model is drawn in 1-
D, 2-D or 3-D space in the appropriate units
(meter, mm, inch etc.). The model may be
created in the pre-processor, or it can be
imported from another CAD packages via a
neutral format (IGES, STEP, ACIS, Para solid,
DXF, etc.).
b. Defining the element type: - This may be 1-D,
2-D or 3-D & specific to the analysis type
being carried out no. of elements are available
for analysis like 8-node-42, 8-node-82 (plane
82),6-node-2(plane 2) etc.
c. Applying a mesh: - Mesh generation is a
process of dividing the structure continuum
into a number of discrete parts or finite
elements.If the mesh is finer ,the results are
also better but the analysis time is longer.
Therefore, a compromise between accuracy &
solution speed is usually made.
d. Assigning material properties: - Material
properties Young’s modulus & Poisson’s ratio
are defined. Also other properties like
coefficient of expansion, coefficient of friction,
thermal conductivity, damping effect, specific
heat etc. are defined if required.
e. Apply loads: - Some types of load are usually
applied to the analysis model.
Fig. Typical deformation stages of corroded pipe for a burst analysis[ 4]
3. Y K Bhingare, L.B.Raut / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.1016-1019
1018 | P a g e
Experimental Approach
Constructional Details-
Experimental set up consists of pipes with and without corrosion having different nominal diameters.
These pipes will be connected to the U-tube manometer for pressure measurement ( or Pressure transducer can
be used) . A flow control valve arrangement will be used to have close monitoring over flow of fluid. These
experiments can be conducted in fluid mechanics laboratory.
Experimental Setup
Sample results
Three successful burst tests with different defect depths were completed to study the failure behavior of
artificial corrosion defects in pipelines.
The geometry and experimental failure pressures of the three pipes tested are summarized in Table.2.
Table 2. Geometry and Test Results [8]
Fig. 3 .Corroded pipe after burst test [ 8]
4. Y K Bhingare, L.B.Raut / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.1016-1019
1019 | P a g e
Conclusion
With this study strength of corroded pipe
can be investigated and time required to replace the
pipes can be approximated. And because of FE
analysis approach one can easily analyze the
ultimate strength of corroded pipe having complex
corrosion profile area so that danger due to bursting
of pipe can be eliminated which gives various
advantages in the various fields of engineering.
References
1. Belachew C. T., Mokhtar C. Ismail, and
Saravanan K. “Evaluation of available
codes for capacity assessment of
corroded pipelines” Feb 2009.
2. Seifedine Kadry , “Corrosion Analysis of
Stainless Steel” European Journal of
Scientific Research , ISSN 1450-216X
Vol.22 No.4 (2008).
3. Zhe Zhanga, Janet E. Stouta, Victor L.
Yub, Radisav Vidica , “ Effect of pipe
corrosion scales on chlorine dioxide
consumption in drinking water distribution
systems”, Water Research 42 (2008
4. V. Seleznev, V. Aleshin, V. Kobyakov,
“Analysis of the corroded pipeline
segments using inline inspection data
“The 8th International Conference of the
Slovenian Society for Non-
Destructive Testing” September 1-3,
2005.
5. Jin Weon Kim 1) and Chi Yong Park 2,
“Criterion for Failure of Internally Wall
Thinned Pipe Under a Combined Pressure
and Bending Moment”, 17th International
Conference on Structural Mechanics in
Reactor Technology, August 17 –22,
2003.
6. O.H. Bjornoy and M.d. Marley,Det
Norske Veritas Oslo,” Assessment of
Corroded Pipelines: Past, Present and
Future” International Offshore and Polar
Engineering Conference Stavanger,
Norway, June 17-22, 2001.
7. Neil g. thompson , “Gas and liquid
transmission pipelines” , Summary and
analysis of results.