The spectrum of childhood neoplasms – Evaluation of 161 cases in surgical pat...Apollo Hospitals
Although major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in the developing world is still malnutrition and infections, pediatric neoplasms are also rising in number. Although pediatric neoplasms occur infrequently, they present a challenging diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Unfamiliarity with these conditions may lead to the erroneous diagnosis and unnecessary aggressive therapy. This was a retrospective analysis of 161 cases of pediatric tumors, both benign and malignant, in surgical pathology department excluding neurosurgery, cardiothoracic, and hemato-lymphoid malignancies (age group 0–12 years) encountered over a period of 5 years: January 2004–December 2008. The clinical, radiological, and therapeutic data were obtained from patients’ case paper records. Pattern of childhood tumors was studied with a focus on tumor incidence, age and sex distribution, demographic pattern, and histological type.
The spectrum of childhood neoplasms – Evaluation of 161 cases in surgical pat...Apollo Hospitals
Although major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in the developing world is still malnutrition and infections, pediatric neoplasms are also rising in number. Although pediatric neoplasms occur infrequently, they present a challenging diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Unfamiliarity with these conditions may lead to the erroneous diagnosis and unnecessary aggressive therapy. This was a retrospective analysis of 161 cases of pediatric tumors, both benign and malignant, in surgical pathology department excluding neurosurgery, cardiothoracic, and hemato-lymphoid malignancies (age group 0–12 years) encountered over a period of 5 years: January 2004–December 2008. The clinical, radiological, and therapeutic data were obtained from patients’ case paper records. Pattern of childhood tumors was studied with a focus on tumor incidence, age and sex distribution, demographic pattern, and histological type.
Summary - Neoplasms of infancy and childhood - Asem M. Shadid Asem Shadid
Neoplasms of infancy and childhood :
obj :
1. Describe the findings from the history and physical exam that suggest malignant disease.
2. Know the incidence rates of the major childhood neoplasms and the significance of neoplasms in childhood mortality.
3. Identify the presenting symptoms, physical findings, and diagnostic tests for the major neoplasms (leukemia, CNS tumors, lymphoma, neuroblastoma and Wilm's tumors).
4. Recognize the major therapeutic modalities for childhood neoplasms and the relative advantages and disadvantages of each (chemotherapy, surgery, irradiation, bone marrow transplants).
Summary - Neoplasms of infancy and childhood - Asem M. Shadid Asem Shadid
Neoplasms of infancy and childhood :
obj :
1. Describe the findings from the history and physical exam that suggest malignant disease.
2. Know the incidence rates of the major childhood neoplasms and the significance of neoplasms in childhood mortality.
3. Identify the presenting symptoms, physical findings, and diagnostic tests for the major neoplasms (leukemia, CNS tumors, lymphoma, neuroblastoma and Wilm's tumors).
4. Recognize the major therapeutic modalities for childhood neoplasms and the relative advantages and disadvantages of each (chemotherapy, surgery, irradiation, bone marrow transplants).
Heredity is the passing on of characteristics from one generation to the next. It is the reason why offspring look like their parents. It also explains why cats always give birth to kittens and never puppies. The process of heredity occurs among all living things including animals, plants, bacteria, protists and fungi. The study of heredity is called genetics and scientists that study heredity are called geneticists.
Through heredity, living things inherit traits from their parents. Traits are physical characteristics. You resemble your parents because you inherited your hair and skin color, nose shape, height, and other traits from them.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things. Tiny biochemical structures inside each cell called genes carry traits from one generation to the next. Genes are made of a chemical called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Genes are strung together to form long chains of DNA in structures known as chromosomes. Genes are like blueprints for building a house, except that they carry the plans for building cells, tissues, organs, and bodies. They have the instructions for making the thousands of chemical building blocks in the body. These building blocks are called proteins. Proteins are made of smaller units called amino acids. Differences in genes cause the building of different amino acids and proteins. These differences cause individuals to have different traits such as hair color or blood types.
A gene gives only the potential for the development of a trait. How this potential is achieved depends partly on the interaction of the gene with other genes. But it also depends partly on the environment. For example, a person may have a genetic tendency toward being overweight. But the person's actual weight will depend on such environmental factors as how what kinds of food the person eats and how much exercise that person does.
Lecture given by Leon MUTESA, MD,PhD , a genetician teaching at UR( UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA, HUYE CAMPUS,SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY).
details of klinfelter syndrome, noonan syndrome and diseases of pitutary and diseases of hypogonadism and cause of hypogonadism and primary hypogonadism and secondary hypogonadism
hypogonadism and diseases of hypogonadism and primary diseases of hypogonadism and secondary diseases of hypogonadism and diseases of gonads klinfelter syndrome and noonan syndrome and kallman syndrome
Genomes and genetic_syndromes_affecting_movementsHimani Kaushik
Genomes and genetic syndromes affecting movements
Mendel’s work on inheritance in Pisum sativum was first published in 1866 and gave the law of inheritance. He described the concept of Modern Genetics. While Mendel’s research was with pisum sativum, the same principle of heredity that was discovered by Mendelian also apply to human and other animals because of the mechanism of heredity same for all complex forms of life.
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins contribute to the discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA and James Watson and Francis Crick solved the structure of DNA, starting the new branch of molecular biology.
This project is completed in 2003 and expanded knowledge about the genetic basis for diseases and congenital malformation.
The impact of this project is just being realized, with new research into diagnostic and treatment techniques for genetic disorders.
According to WHO it occurs due to a defect in a single gene or set of genes.
Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition affecting males, and it often isn't diagnosed until adulthood. Klinefelter syndrome may adversely affect testicular growth, resulting in smaller than normal testicles, which can lead to lower production of testosterone.
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a condition that occurs in males when they have an extra X chromosome. Some males with KS have no obvious signs or symptoms while others may have varying degrees of cognitive, social, behavioral, and learning difficulties. Adults with Klinefelter syndrome may also have primary hypogonadism (decreased testosterone
Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition affecting males, and it often isn't diagnosed until adulthood. Klinefelter syndrome may adversely affect testicular growth, resulting in smaller than normal testicles, which can lead to lower production of testosterone.
interactive slide seminar on 16th APRIL 2017 at Lecture Hall, School of Nursing, Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital, Shivajinagar, Bangalore.
The cases are drawn from the files of RV Metropolis, Bangalore.
KCIAPM SLIDE SEMINAR 2016: RV METROPOLIS. CASE FILESkciapm
interactive slide seminar on 24th APRIL 2016, at Lecture Hall, School of Nursing, Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital, Shivajinagar, Bangalore.The cases are drawn from the files of RV Metropolis, Bangalore. The case details are provided in the file.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
19. *HEREDITARY:
Transmitted in the germ line; passed from parents to their
offspring.
*FAMILIAL:
Diseases run in families and represent multifactorial
inheritance. Risk for first degree is 5-10% higher.
*CONGENITAL:
Born with; disease present since birth.
20. BARR BODY
[ SEX CHROMATIN ]
Nucleus
Barr body
# of Barr bodies = # of X chromosomes - 1
31. LYON HYPOTHESIS:
[ 1961, Mary Lyon ]
1. Only one of the X - chromosomes is
genetically active,
2. Other X of either maternal or
paternal origin undergoes
heteropyknosis and is rendered
inactive.
32. 3. Inactivation of either the maternal or
paternal X occurs at random among all
the cells of the blastocyst on or about
the 16th day of embryonic life.
4. Inactivation of the same X
chromosome persists in all the cells
derived from each precursor cell.
LYON HYPOTHESIS:
33.
34. INCIDENCE:
• 1 in 800 live births [ overall ]
• Maternal age:
•< 20 yrs - 1 in 1550,
•> 45 yrs - 1 in 30
35.
36.
37.
38.
39. Flat face
Protruding tongue
Occiput tends to be flat
Low bridged nose
Oblique palpabral
fissure
Epicanthic folds
Slanting eyes
Brushfield spots in iris
43. 40%- Congenital cardiac defects
ASD, VSD, TOF, PDA.
10-20 fold risk to develop Acute leukemia's:
ALL/AML.
CNS:
Mental retardation, IQ -30.
Develop Alzheimer’s disease -
-- at very young age;
Intestine:
Imperforate anus, duodenal stenosis, Hirschsprung’s
disease.
Sterility:
Arrested spermatogenesis.
44. Life expectancy:
Most common cause of death:
Congenital heart diseases and leukemia.
With normal heart, only 5% of children with
Down syndrome die before age 10.
After age 10, the estimated life expectancy
is 55 years.
45.
46. Common cause of male hypogonadism
and infertility.
1 in 1000 live male births,
Presence of one or more extra X
chromosome, 47 XXY.
Rarely diagnosed before puberty,
47. Clinical features:
Eunuchoid body habitus:
– Long legs, tall and thin.
Small, atrophic testes, small penis.
Lack of secondary sexual characteristics,
Deep voice of high pitch.
Gynecomastia, feminine characters.
IQ - low; mental retardation, behavioral
abnormality.
52. Turner Syndrome:
Most common sex chromosome
abnormality in females,
Monosomy X; the missing chromosome X
is usually of paternal origin.
Incidence: 1/8000 . Most die in infancy
76. 76
Class I Loss of receptor synthesis
Class II Transport inside cell is impaired
Class III Failure of receptors to bind LDL
Class IV Fail to internalize after binding
Class V Internalized bodies are trapped in
endosomes
77. 77
MUTATION IN ENZYME PROTEIN
PHENYLKETONURIA
GALACTOSEMIA
LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES
GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASES
