The document discusses different types of clauses and conjunctions that are used to connect clauses. It defines independent and dependent clauses, and explains that coordinating conjunctions like "and", "but", and "or" are used to join two independent clauses of equal grammatical rank, while subordinating conjunctions like "because", "since", and "when" introduce a dependent clause that cannot stand on its own. It provides examples of how to properly use commas with conjunctions and tips for forming complex sentences using dependent and independent clauses.

1. Clause:
Subject + Predicate
Independent!!!

2. Clause:
Subject + Predicate
Dependent!!!

3. Rihanna = Simple
Independent!!
Subject = Herself
Predicate = Money !!

4. Rihanna = Simple
Singular Subject = Rihanna ran.
Compound subject = Rihanna and her niece ran.
Plural subject : The girls ran.
Direct object: Rihanna threw a stick.
Indirect object: Rihanna threw her dog a stick
Compound verb: Rihanna ran and played.
Adverbs, adjectives, prepositional phrases…

5. The Carters = Compound
Independents!!
Subject + Predicate = Beyoncé
Subject + Predicate = Jay-Z
2 simples together!!!

6. • Beyoncé played, and Jay-Z ran.

7. How are they together???
THE COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
• F- for introduces the reason for the first clause
• A- and joins two similar ideas together
• N- nor not used very often
• B- but joins two contrasting ideas
• O- or joins two alternative ideas
• Y- yet joins contrasting ideas (like “but”)
• S- so shows the second idea results from the first

8. AGREEMENT, DISAGREEMENT,
REASON
• Conjunctions are used to show agreement,
disagreement, or reason between two clauses.
• Agreement- and, nor, or
• The two words, phrases, or clauses are
basically saying the same thing
• Disagreement- yet, by, or
• The two parts are saying something different
from one another
• Reason- for, so
• One of the words, phrases, or clauses is
explaining the other

9. WHEN TO USE COORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS
• When you have a series of short, related sentences
• I like candy. I like cake.
• I like candy and cake.
• To correct a run-on sentence.
• I want to be a celebrity when I grow up, I am practicing
sports everyday.
• I want to be a celebrity when I grow up, so I am
practicing sports every day.

10. COORDINATING CONJUNCTION RULES
• If you are joining two independent clauses,
always use a comma before the coordinating
conjunction.
• My favorite soda is Dr. Pepper, but Anne’s is Coca-
Cola.
• If you are joining two short phrases or two
words, a comma isn't necessary.
• I like to eat cake and drink tea.

11. COORDINATING CONJUNCTION RULES
• The coordinating conjunction goes between
ideas.
• Correct- I like to sleep, but I don’t like to nap.
• Incorrect- But I don’t like to nap, I like to sleep.

12. A TIP FOR YOU
• When combining sentences with a coordinating
conjunction, remember that it is OK to combine
the information.
• Ex. I like my classes. I like my teachers
• I like my classes and my teachers.

13. The Styles = Complex
One dependent on the other…
Dependent = Harry Styles
Independent = Nathalia Guimarães
They are together...

14. How are they together???
SUBORDINATING CONJUCTIONS
• after
• although
• as
• because
• before
• even if
• even though
• if
• in order that once
• wherever
• whether
• while
• why

15. How are they together???
SUBORDINATING CONJUCTIONS
• provided that
• rather than
• since
• so that
• than
• that
• Though = although
• unless until
• when
• whenever
• where
• whereas

16. A TIP FOR YOU
If the dependent clause comes at the beginning
of the sentence, a comma should follow it.
• Ex. When he was at the park, the boy played.
If the dependent clause comes after the
independent clause, no comma is necessary.
Ex. The boy played when he was at the park.

17. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
because
if
therefore
in order to
since
The driver crashed into the house.
Why?

18. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
when
while
until
after
before
The driver crashed into the house.
When?

19. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
because
if
therefore
in order to
since
The cat fell asleep.
Why?

20. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
when
while
until
after
before
The cat fell asleep.
When?

21. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
because
if
therefore
so
in order to
since
The mice needed a torch.
Why?

22. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
when
while
until
after
before
The mice needed a torch.
When?

23. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
because
if
therefore
so
in order to
since
The boys built an enormous snowman.
Why?

24. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
when
while
until
after
before
The boys built an enormous snowman.
When?

25. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
because
if
therefore
so
in order to
since
The hunter was looking for deer.
Why?

26. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
when
while
until
after
before
The hunter was looking for deer.
When?

27. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
because
if
therefore
so
in order to
since
The elephant tried to stand still.
Why?

28. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
when
while
until
after
before
The elephant tried to stand still.
When?

29. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
because
if
therefore
so
in order to
since
King kitten prayed for someone to
come home.
Why?

30. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
when
while
until
after
before
King kitten prayed for someone to
come home.
When?

31. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
because
if
therefore
so
in order to
since
Super squirrel decided it was time for action.
Why?

32. Use one of the connectives in the box to change this
short, simple sentence to a longer complex sentence.
Can you make a complex sentence with a
connective at the beginning?
when
while
until
after
before
Super squirrel decided it was time for action.
When?