Smarter, self-diagnostic digital safety switches for temperature, pressure, flow, and level eliminate some of the risks associated with mechanical or pneumatic actuated devices.
Thermal dispersion mass flow transmitters measure mass flow by detecting heat dissipation from a heated surface. The sensor contains two mass balanced elements with precision matched RTDs. The reference sensor measures the process temperature (up to +400° F [+200° C]); the second RTD measures the temperature of the heated sensor. The power to the heater is varied to maintain a constant temperature difference above the reference temperature.
There is an inherent non-linear relationship between power and mass flow. A microprocessor compares the power against the calibration curve and converts the power requirements to the mass flow rate. Temperature is also measured to provide temperature compensation of the mass flow over the operating range of the instrument.
Pressure Handbook for Industrial Process Measurement and ControlMiller Energy, Inc.
Illustrated handbook provides clear explanation of pressure concepts and measurement. Various sensor technologies are explained and compared. Good quick reference.
Thermatel products are in service worldwide in many of the most demanding applications.As a flow switch Thermatel is used for gas and liquid applications for both flow and no/low flow detection. Typical applications involve pump protection, cooling air/water,relief valve monitoring,exhaust flows and lubrication systems. Thermatel products provide outstanding low flow sensitivity with high range ability.
The 212 Heat Calculator is designed to measure the energy consumed in hot water heating systems and chilled water
cooling systems. The 212 will interface with a wide range
of flowmeters, including vortex and magnetic flowmeters with pulse outputs, positive displacement and inferential water meters, turbine and paddle wheel flowmeters.
Data Acquisition Equipment for Automation and Process ControlMiller Energy, Inc.
Power generation, process automation, and factory automation in manufacturing industries require rigorous, continuous monitoring in the control room. Yokogawa's DX series recorders are purpose-built data acquisition systems designed for industrial automation.
Magnetrol TA2 Thermal Mass Flow Meter for Flare Gas ApplicationsMiller Energy, Inc.
Low flow sensitivity means high reliability for flare gas applications. The Thermatel® TA2 thermal dispersion mass flow meter provides reliable mass flow measurement for flare gas applications to comply with monitoring requirements.
Thermal dispersion mass flow transmitters measure mass flow by detecting heat dissipation from a heated surface. The sensor contains two mass balanced elements with precision matched RTDs. The reference sensor measures the process temperature (up to +400° F [+200° C]); the second RTD measures the temperature of the heated sensor. The power to the heater is varied to maintain a constant temperature difference above the reference temperature.
There is an inherent non-linear relationship between power and mass flow. A microprocessor compares the power against the calibration curve and converts the power requirements to the mass flow rate. Temperature is also measured to provide temperature compensation of the mass flow over the operating range of the instrument.
Pressure Handbook for Industrial Process Measurement and ControlMiller Energy, Inc.
Illustrated handbook provides clear explanation of pressure concepts and measurement. Various sensor technologies are explained and compared. Good quick reference.
Thermatel products are in service worldwide in many of the most demanding applications.As a flow switch Thermatel is used for gas and liquid applications for both flow and no/low flow detection. Typical applications involve pump protection, cooling air/water,relief valve monitoring,exhaust flows and lubrication systems. Thermatel products provide outstanding low flow sensitivity with high range ability.
The 212 Heat Calculator is designed to measure the energy consumed in hot water heating systems and chilled water
cooling systems. The 212 will interface with a wide range
of flowmeters, including vortex and magnetic flowmeters with pulse outputs, positive displacement and inferential water meters, turbine and paddle wheel flowmeters.
Data Acquisition Equipment for Automation and Process ControlMiller Energy, Inc.
Power generation, process automation, and factory automation in manufacturing industries require rigorous, continuous monitoring in the control room. Yokogawa's DX series recorders are purpose-built data acquisition systems designed for industrial automation.
Magnetrol TA2 Thermal Mass Flow Meter for Flare Gas ApplicationsMiller Energy, Inc.
Low flow sensitivity means high reliability for flare gas applications. The Thermatel® TA2 thermal dispersion mass flow meter provides reliable mass flow measurement for flare gas applications to comply with monitoring requirements.
The Vanguard WirelessHART gas detector is ideal for the monitoring of toxic and combustible gases without the need for costly and fixed wiring. With a five year battery life and one button calibration, the Vanguard detector is easy to operate and maintain.
Each Vanguard detector has a WirelessHART transceiver, an antenna, a display, a long life power module, a gas sensor, and a signal processor for the gas sensor. Vanguard uses a sensor architecture trademarked “Flexsense,” which allows the sensor to identify its target gas and self-configure to a Vanguard transmitter upon connection.
Making the best instrument selection for a flow measurement application should include an assessment of what the operators really need in order to safely and effectively run the process or perform the task related to the measurement of fluid flow.
Datasheet Fluke Hydra Series III. Hubungi PT. Siwali Swantika 021-45850618PT. Siwali Swantika
Datasheet Fluke 2638A. Datasheet Fluke Data Acquisition. Informasi lebih detail hubungi PT. Siwali Swantika, Jakarta Office : 021-45850618 atau Surabaya Office : 031-8421264
Series One Safety Transmitter, Pressure and Temperature SwitchIves Equipment
The One Series Safety Transmitter is a transmitter-switch for monitoring pressure or temperature and meets the requirements of SIL 2 for random integrity at HFT = 0, SIL 3 for random integrity at HFT = 1 and SIL 3 for systematic capability. The One Series Safety Transmitter incorporates UE’s patented IAW self diagnostics, redundant and diverse signal processing and software algorithms to detect abnormalities in the process and internal faults. The design is based on a powerful microprocessor that provides an extremely fast response time for emergency shutdown situations.
The Oxymitter™ 4000 In Situ Oxygen Transmitter is the world's first in situ, zirconium oxide-based oxygen transmitter for flue gas measurement with an explosion-proof rating. These oxygen measurements can be used in a control system or by a boiler operator to fine tune burner fuel/air ratios for maximum efficiency.
Datasheet Fluke Super-Thermometer. Hubungi PT. Siwali Swantika 021-45850618PT. Siwali Swantika
Datasheet Fluke 1594A. Datasheet Fluke 1595A. Informasi lebih detail hubungi PT. Siwali Swantika, Jakarta Office : 021-45850618 atau Surabaya Office : 031-8421264
The reliable identification of low combustion oxygen in a red heater or boiler has always been critical to the effectiveness of the Burner Management System for proper control and safety.
Low emission burners and aggressive ring control points to achieve increased efficiency and emission reductions have driven the industry to tighter control measures. But tighter control measures also hold a greater potential for combustion damage. Reducing the risk of a combustion event has become a priority and has led to the implementation of Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS). This additional layer of safety is added to the Basic Process Control System.
Datasheet Fluke 5502A. Hubungi PT. Siwali Swantika 021-45850618PT. Siwali Swantika
Datasheet Fluke 5502A Multi-product Calibrator. Informasi lebih detail hubungi PT. Siwali Swantika, Jakarta Office : 021-45850618 atau Surabaya Office : 031-8421264
White paper provides description of function and application of current to pneumatic (I/P) transducers, along with operational diagrams and recommended practices.
GE Advanced Modular Calibrator for Process Measurement InstrumentsFlow-Tech, Inc.
The DPI 620 Genii is an easy to use, rugged, and highly accurate multifunction instrument for calibrating & maintaining process instrumentation. Its modular design and functionality means it can be expanded over time and tailored to applications as needs change. With options that include HART / Fieldbus / Profibus communications, it’s a powerful, simple to use and high accuracy calibrator.
Magnetrol is a globally recognized manufacturer of level and flow measurement instrumentation and devices. Technologies include inferential and direct measurement.
Thermal dispersion switch for flow, level, interface, or temperatureFlow-Tech, Inc.
FCI liquid level/interface switches feature thermal dispersion technology in which the temperature difference between the two RTDs is greatest in the absence of liquid and decreases when the level element is submerged, cooling the heated RTD.
FCI flow switches feature thermal dispersion technology in which the temperature difference is greatest in a no-flow condition and decreases as flow increases, cooling the heated RTD. Changes in flow velocity directly affect the extent to which heat dissipates and, in turn, the magnitude of the temperature difference between the RTDs.
The FLOWSIC600-XT measuring system works according to the principle of ultrasonic transit time difference measurement. This allows conclusions to be made on the gas volume flowing through based on the sound velocity transfer time. Measurement is carried out in a direct path layout to keep disturbing effects such as gas flow turbulence, dirt, moisture or interfering noises as low as possible. Two ultrasonic transducers are positioned opposite each other in a defined angle to the gas flow and operate alternately as sender and receiver.
The Vanguard WirelessHART gas detector is ideal for the monitoring of toxic and combustible gases without the need for costly and fixed wiring. With a five year battery life and one button calibration, the Vanguard detector is easy to operate and maintain.
Each Vanguard detector has a WirelessHART transceiver, an antenna, a display, a long life power module, a gas sensor, and a signal processor for the gas sensor. Vanguard uses a sensor architecture trademarked “Flexsense,” which allows the sensor to identify its target gas and self-configure to a Vanguard transmitter upon connection.
Making the best instrument selection for a flow measurement application should include an assessment of what the operators really need in order to safely and effectively run the process or perform the task related to the measurement of fluid flow.
Datasheet Fluke Hydra Series III. Hubungi PT. Siwali Swantika 021-45850618PT. Siwali Swantika
Datasheet Fluke 2638A. Datasheet Fluke Data Acquisition. Informasi lebih detail hubungi PT. Siwali Swantika, Jakarta Office : 021-45850618 atau Surabaya Office : 031-8421264
Series One Safety Transmitter, Pressure and Temperature SwitchIves Equipment
The One Series Safety Transmitter is a transmitter-switch for monitoring pressure or temperature and meets the requirements of SIL 2 for random integrity at HFT = 0, SIL 3 for random integrity at HFT = 1 and SIL 3 for systematic capability. The One Series Safety Transmitter incorporates UE’s patented IAW self diagnostics, redundant and diverse signal processing and software algorithms to detect abnormalities in the process and internal faults. The design is based on a powerful microprocessor that provides an extremely fast response time for emergency shutdown situations.
The Oxymitter™ 4000 In Situ Oxygen Transmitter is the world's first in situ, zirconium oxide-based oxygen transmitter for flue gas measurement with an explosion-proof rating. These oxygen measurements can be used in a control system or by a boiler operator to fine tune burner fuel/air ratios for maximum efficiency.
Datasheet Fluke Super-Thermometer. Hubungi PT. Siwali Swantika 021-45850618PT. Siwali Swantika
Datasheet Fluke 1594A. Datasheet Fluke 1595A. Informasi lebih detail hubungi PT. Siwali Swantika, Jakarta Office : 021-45850618 atau Surabaya Office : 031-8421264
The reliable identification of low combustion oxygen in a red heater or boiler has always been critical to the effectiveness of the Burner Management System for proper control and safety.
Low emission burners and aggressive ring control points to achieve increased efficiency and emission reductions have driven the industry to tighter control measures. But tighter control measures also hold a greater potential for combustion damage. Reducing the risk of a combustion event has become a priority and has led to the implementation of Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS). This additional layer of safety is added to the Basic Process Control System.
Datasheet Fluke 5502A. Hubungi PT. Siwali Swantika 021-45850618PT. Siwali Swantika
Datasheet Fluke 5502A Multi-product Calibrator. Informasi lebih detail hubungi PT. Siwali Swantika, Jakarta Office : 021-45850618 atau Surabaya Office : 031-8421264
White paper provides description of function and application of current to pneumatic (I/P) transducers, along with operational diagrams and recommended practices.
GE Advanced Modular Calibrator for Process Measurement InstrumentsFlow-Tech, Inc.
The DPI 620 Genii is an easy to use, rugged, and highly accurate multifunction instrument for calibrating & maintaining process instrumentation. Its modular design and functionality means it can be expanded over time and tailored to applications as needs change. With options that include HART / Fieldbus / Profibus communications, it’s a powerful, simple to use and high accuracy calibrator.
Magnetrol is a globally recognized manufacturer of level and flow measurement instrumentation and devices. Technologies include inferential and direct measurement.
Thermal dispersion switch for flow, level, interface, or temperatureFlow-Tech, Inc.
FCI liquid level/interface switches feature thermal dispersion technology in which the temperature difference between the two RTDs is greatest in the absence of liquid and decreases when the level element is submerged, cooling the heated RTD.
FCI flow switches feature thermal dispersion technology in which the temperature difference is greatest in a no-flow condition and decreases as flow increases, cooling the heated RTD. Changes in flow velocity directly affect the extent to which heat dissipates and, in turn, the magnitude of the temperature difference between the RTDs.
The FLOWSIC600-XT measuring system works according to the principle of ultrasonic transit time difference measurement. This allows conclusions to be made on the gas volume flowing through based on the sound velocity transfer time. Measurement is carried out in a direct path layout to keep disturbing effects such as gas flow turbulence, dirt, moisture or interfering noises as low as possible. Two ultrasonic transducers are positioned opposite each other in a defined angle to the gas flow and operate alternately as sender and receiver.
Orion Instruments Jupiter Magnetostrictive Level TransmitterMiller Energy, Inc.
The Jupiter JM4 Magnetostrictive level transmitter from Orion Instruments is the newest and most advanced level instrument to date. The JM4 is available as a direct insertion option, as well as an external mount on any Orion magnetic level indicator (MLI) or modular instrumentation bridle. With an improved design, unparalleled performance, and a collection of new and innovative features, the JM4 provides safer, simpler, and smarter measurement in total and interface level applications.
Mpls tp as packet platform for critical services in power transmissionHughCab
Beyond the trend of using IP as the “up to date technology” for SCADA (IEC 60870-5-104) and protections scheme integrated to a centralized management of the load (Sinchrophasors PMU), there is the need to approach the automatic switching and intrinsic autonomy of routing algorithms to provide smart capability to the communications network [1]. For long time IP equipment manufacturers have been trying to penetrate the electrical utilities with partial success, they were able to support only added value services as IP Video, VoIP and corporate IP traffic which is are not “critical” or essential to the electrical power system operation.
On this paper is presented a theoretical-practical evaluation of the MPLS-TP protocol which offers an IP platform according to the complimentary services requirements (high bandwidth) as well for reliable channels features through the emulation of TDM systems with delay, symmetry and self-healing switching in order to warrant the correct operation of critical services as Teleprotection, Differential Relays and Sinchrophasors.
Key time measurements will be presented which certifies the theoretical reliability of MPLS-TP as main IP communication platform in electrical transmission systems.
Cashco manufactures a broad line of throttling rotary and
linear control valves, pressure reducing regulators, and
back pressure regulators in line sizes from 1⁄4 inch to
10 inches and Cv ranges from .002 to 4,406. Models
are available to handle slurries, cryogenic service, and
corrosive fluids; to withstand high temperatures and
pressures; and to maximize the reduction of fugitive
emissions. Contact Cashco for complete product information.
The Magnetic Level Indicator is an alternative to leakage-prone sight glasses, a traditional but fragile means to achieve visual indication of liquid level. Unlike hard-to-read sight glasses, Aurora’s visual indicator is highly visible. Maintenance on the MLI, its transmitter and switches (if so equipped), can be accomplished without breaching the vessel.
Estimating Reliability of Power Factor Correction Circuits: A Comparative StudyIJERA Editor
Reliability plays an important role in power supplies, as every power supply is the very heart of every electronics equipment. For other electronic equipment, a certain failure mode, at least for a part of the total system, can often be tolerated without serious (critical) after effects. However, for the power supply no such condition can be accepted, since very high demands on the reliability must be achieved. At higher power levels, the CCM boost converter is preferred topology for implementation a front end with PFC. As a result significant efforts have been made to improve the performance of high boost converter. This paper is one the effort for improving the performance of the converter from the reliability point of view. In this paper a boost power factor correction converter is simulated with single switch and interleaving technique in CCM, DCM and CRM modes under different output power ratings and the reliability. Results of the converter are explored from reliability point of view.
PC Based Industrial Automation With AVR Atmega 16 - Project ReportRobo India
Robo India Presents A project Report on PC Based Industrial Automation using AVR family's Atmel Atmega 16 microcontroller.
It uses Serial communication technology to communicate between PC and embedded system.
You will learn following aspects-
1. serial communication
2. Input output programming
3. Embedded system
4. AVR atmega 16
6. Controlling
This report also contains complete codding of the project.
Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat treating ovens, switching in telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some processes have been completely automated.
The biggest benefit of automation is that it saves labour, however, it is also used to save energy and materials and to improve quality, accuracy and precision.
Please share your views and queries, we are found at-
Website- http://roboindia.com
mail- info@roboindia.com
White paper - Actionable Alarming - Wonderware-Schneider ElectricSuman Singh
A whitepaper on actionable alarm management by Rob Kambach, Product Manager, System Platform, Wonderware/Schneider Electric. Read the paper and learn how to manage your SCADA alarms better!
Regulatory modifications have raised important issues in design and use of industrial safety systems. Certain changes in IEC 61508, now being widely implemented, mean that designers and users who desire full compliance must give new consideration to topics such as SIL levels and the transition to new methodologies.
FAULT DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF INDUCTION MACHINE WITH ON-LINE PARAMETER PR...Sheikh R Manihar Ahmed
Today all instrumentation system pertaining to industrial process controls as well as domestic application involve automatic fault finding facility. This facility detects the faulty condition of the system and draws operator’s attention towards it enabling him to take suitable remedial action to ensure proper operation of the system. The main purpose of all FDI method is to monitor the system operations and in case of faults accommodate the source of faults so that timely corrective actions are taken. Fault detection simply involves a decision based on the monitored data as to whether there is a fault or the system is running normally. Fault isolation is then executed to identify the type and location of a fault after the fault detection has triggered an alarm so that corrective actions can be made. These two steps are known as Fault Detection and Isolation. Fault diagnosis is referred to as the combination of fault detection, identification and isolation. One such method of annunciation in which activation of visual or mechanical variable takes place when a removed switch or device has been activated as a result of fault in certain system, an audio alarm may also be associated with annunciations. This FDI system is defined and the existing technique to detect & isolate the fault with on-line parameter programming facility. The main advantage of the proposed approach of Control System based fault detection and isolation is its low cost. Low cost in terms of components used makes affordable in terms of easy handling and maintenance and various sensors can be used to give different types of input signals to circuit. An additional advantage is that the real time system still works when the host crashes, the matter that increases the reliability of the system & Data-logging facility can also be provided. A data-logger captures any measurement values which can be represented by a voltage. Nowadays, sensors and transducers are available for, practically, any physical quantity. The function of data-logger is to capture and store a specified number of specified number of sensor measurement values at predefined intervals and transfer the data including date and time to a PC in the form of file.
Automation in the industrial workplace provides the advantages of improving productivity and quality while reducing errors and waste, increasing safety .
Infrared Thermography is playing an increasingly important role in the prevention and control of visually undetectable maintenance problems. This technology allows us to detect overloaded circuits, faulty or high resistance connections, damaged fuses and clips, and other defective electrical components before they can cause expensive facility damage or production losses. Thermographic imagery helps to eliminate the risk of human injury and/or loss of life..Thermographic technology utilizes radiation emitted in the infrared light spectrum to image and measure thermal problems that are simply undetectable to the human eye. Without shutting down the equipment, or interfering with production, a thermographic inspection can detect problems in electrical panels, motor control centers, switchgear cabinets, disconnects, transformer bushings and terminations, and equipment control panels that may result in electrical fires, mechanical breakdowns, or significant business interruption.
Strainlabs - Wireless sensor technology for a predictable futureGösta Rydin
Why wait until something preventable occurs? Use sensors and IoT to communicate with your bolted jonts, and analyse and use the collected data to optimize your asset.
Flow & Pressure Instrumentation for Biopharmaceuticals & Life SciencesMiller Energy, Inc.
Producing biopharmaceuticals is one of the world’s most demanding manufacturing processes. Brooks Instrument’s mass flow and pressure control technology helps maximize cell culture yields and control bioprocess costs. Brooks flow and pressure controllers set global standards for reliability, repeatability and long-term stability.
One Series Safety Transmitter - Pressure and Temperature Transmitter-SwitchMiller Energy, Inc.
The One Series Safety Transmitter simplifies installation, improves productivity, and eliminates nuisance trips. Sensor diagnostics with redundant data processing detect open, shorted, and plugged sensing elements.
Magnetrol Guide Wave Radar Level Transmitter For Hygienic ApplicationsMiller Energy, Inc.
For hygienic applications, the transmitters are available with a 304 stainless steel housings designed specifically for use in facilities with the special requirements for the wetted and non-wetted materials, process connections and surface finishes of hygienic industries.
Solenoid Valves for Water Conditioning and Purification Systems and EquipmentMiller Energy, Inc.
New composite valve technologies can offer notable benefits
when improved valves are specified for membrane-based filtration like reverse osmosis systems. Advantages include current certifications, ready availability, high reliability in challenging applications, ease of installation and use, and a choice of normally open and normally closed versions
Special RTD Temperature Sensor Configuration for Heat Trace ApplicationsMiller Energy, Inc.
Heat traced piping requires a means of temperature measurement to assure control of heat input to minimize energy consumption and maximize pipe and fluid temperature.
Maintenance Procedures for Yokogawa ADMAG TI Series AXW Magnetic Flow MeterMiller Energy, Inc.
The AXW series is ideal for industrial process lines, and water supply and sewage applications. With outstanding reliability and ease of operation, developed on decades of field-proven experience, the AXW will increase user benefits while reducing total cost of ownership.
Eclipse Model 706 High Performance Guided Wave Radar Level TransmitterMiller Energy, Inc.
The Eclipse® Model 706 high performance transmitter is a loop-powered, 24 VDC level transmitter that is based upon the proven and increasingly accepted technology of guided wave radar (GWR). Encompassing a number of significant engineering accomplishments, this leading edge level transmitter is designed to provide measurement performance well beyond that of many of the more traditional technologies.
Schubert & Salzer is a fast growing high-tech company, that develops, produces and distributes highly precise control and stop valves which are applied in the process industry.
Achieve superior accuracy and unmatched zero stability in ultra-low-flow gas and liquid measurement and control with the Quantim® Coriolis mass flow controllers and meters from Brooks Instrument. Brooks has taken the lead in driving improvements in Coriolis flow technology: Our patented Coriolis sensor design measures low flows independent of fluid type or process variables. The result: unsurpassed performance - the most accurate, stable, repeatable and reproducible mass flow measurement and control, even under changing conditions.
Verbatim Gateway is a field-proven, stand-alone alarm monitoring and reporting solution. More reliable than PC-based alarm systems, you can depend on it to perform in mission-critical applications due to its fault tolerance and internal battery backup. Robust yet affordable, Verbatim Gateway monitors operations and notifies personnel of problem conditions — anytime, anywhere — for a one-time cost. No extra service contracts or plug-ins required!
Parker manufactures one of the widest offerings of quick connect hose fittings available, with variants, options, and specialized products to suit almost every application.
Rugged, NEMA 4X, epoxy coated enclosure
SPDT or DPDT switch output
Easy access wiring
Single switch output
Internal reference scale and adjustable deadband available
Adjustable ranges: ◦30 "Hg Vac to 5000 psi
• 1 bar Vac to 344 bar
• 0.2 "wcd to 500 psid
• 0,5 mbar d to 34,5 bar d
• -180 to 650 ºF
• -117 to 340ºC
Approvals: UL, CSA, CE, TUV
A straight forward device, the current to pneumatic converter produces a pneumatic output signal that is proportional to an electrical control level input signal of 4 to 20 mA or 10 to 50 mA. This provides a useful interface between electronic controllers and pneumatically operated valves, air cylinders, or other air operated control elements.
Habonim Valves & Actuators is a leading manufacturer of ball valves and pneumatic actuators with over 50 years' experience and a worldwide reputation for its high quality, innovation and engineering expertise. Habonim supplies a wide range of 3-piece and flanged ball valves, as well as tailor-made solutions, generating significant cost and space savings for its customers.
Magnetrol International has launched the PULSAR Model R86 Non-Contact Radar transmitter, an advanced level control solution that offers radar technology with improved performance for a wide range of level measurement applications.
The PULSAR Model R86 is designed to provide
outstanding accuracy, reliability and safety for
virtually all process industries.
Utilizing an Aluminum Oxide sensor 600 times more sensitive than conventional sensors
The 8800 series uses field proven aluminum oxide (Al2O3) sensing technology to accurately detect trace moisture on either a continuous or spot checking basis.
Combustion sources such as furnaces and fired
heaters play a critical role in the process industry.
Unfortunately, combustion requires large amounts of
fuel (gas, fuel oil). As a result, combustion efficiency
directly influences the performance and operational
costs of production facilities. However, efficiency is not
the only concern. Compliance and safety are major
challenges as well.
Brooks Instrument manufactures an array of flow, pressure, vacuum and level products for dozens of industries from pharmaceuticals, oil and gas, fuel cell research and chemicals, to medical devices, analytical instrumentation, semiconductor manufacturing.
Product guide for industrial gauges from Ametek U.S. GaugeMiller Energy, Inc.
U.S. Gauge is one of the world's leading suppliers of high quality, competitively priced pressure gauges, diaphragm seals, temperature gauges and thermowell fittings. The product line includes a wide range of gauges, from vacuum pressure to a 23,000 psi gauge pressure device, in single or dual scale dials. Gauge sizes range from 1-1/2 inches to 6 inches, with brass, 316 stainless steel, or Monel internals. USG offers a complete range of options for all the above products, such as a gauge snubber, Sta-Kool cooling element, siphon, over-pressure protector, and much more.
Safe and SterileThe 48 TuBore Series is the Habonim line of clean ball valves for the pharmaceutical and bioprocessing industries. These valves are designed for applications which require maximum flow capacity at minimum pressure drop, where sterility, clean-ability and drain-ability are essential for faultless product quality. The 48 TuBore valve port matches tube ID dimensions, provides tight shutoff and has exceptional performance in many service applications
Integrated features:
Tube bore
Soft parts are FDA approved
Low ferrite
Low sulphur
Outstanding metal surface finish. A fully encapsulated body seal provides an improved seal under fluctuating temperatures and pressures
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
2. Leading manufacturer of pressure
and temperature switches and
transmitters since 1931.
www.ueonline.com
1
Simplifying Plant Safety Instrumentation
Safety implementation typically is done by a group that includes plant instrument engineers and technicians, who are charged
with finding simple and reliable solutions. Often, these situations involve the question of when to shut a process down. Such
decisions frequently hinge on key process variables such as flow, level, temperature and pressure. These must be in a specified
range at various locations within chemical and petrochemical plants, refineries and power plants, including everything from
critical process vessels to eye wash stations.
For such point safety applications, a properly designed and implemented digital switch with self-diagnostics can be an important
part of the answer. As an element of a multiple technology solution, a digital switch-based approach can help eliminate common-
mode failures, significantly improve response time, achieve needed safety integrity levels (SILs), and simplify plant safety
instrumentation.
Switch background
Years ago, many switches were blind mechanical devices actuated electromechanically or by pneumatics. They offered no
indication of reliability, such as success or failure in response to a command. This lack of feedback was particularly worrisome
in safety applications. The result could be catastrophic, should a malfunction occur in place of the proper response to a tripped
pressure or temperature alarm.
Partly because of this possibility, there has been a general trend toward other solutions. In particular, one popular implementation
has been to use a transmitter together with a dedicated control system, one that is separate and distinct from the basic process
control system. A benefit of this approach is that transmitters can convey a great deal of relevant process information, which can
be useful for safety, control and process optimization. This technology also ensures that connections are active and the transmitter
is working, two critical requirements for any safety application.
In such setups, transmitters provide continuous process data, and an alarm or protection system acts upon this information.
Informal surveys have shown that somewhere between 25 and 33 percent of transmitters today are in such loops. Thus, nearly a
third of the time, the result is a point safety solution offering binary, on-off action at the control room that is effectively equivalent
to what had been provided by a traditional switch.
While transmitters have been evolving, switches have been undergoing their own revolution. Switches now are digital, with
programmable set points and deadbands. They offer such capabilities as self-diagnostic solid-state electronics, plug port
detection and nuisance trip filtering. They also have fail-safe-open programming modes that eliminate the problem of undetected
failure.
An example of how this capability can be implemented is found in United Electric Controls’One Series of digital pressure and
temperature switches. When conditions are normal, the switch pulses at 20 Hz between a 1 and 0, sending a continuous heartbeat
signal easily detected by a controller. A process upset will be marked by closing the switch and the output of a continuous 1. If
3. Leading manufacturer of pressure
and temperature switches and
transmitters since 1931.
www.ueonline.com
2
the instrument detects a fault, the switch opens and the output drops to a steady 0, the
same result as is the case for a wiring fault. In this arrangement, both success and failure
are clearly indicated.
a. When process and instrument conditons are normal, a pulsed output indicates so.
b. When a set point is reached, the switch closes.
c. As conditons return to normal, pulsed output resumes
d. A detected instrument fault causes the switch to open and stay open.
Voting for an improved Safety Integrity Level
Digital switch technology also satisfies requirements needed to achieve a given SIL, which is a measure of the relative risk-
reduction provided by a safety function. As defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission’s standard IEC EN 61508, SIL
includes both a hardware and system component. On the hardware side, integrity is determined by a probabilistic analysis of the
device, with particular SIL ratings shown in the table below for discrete or low demand operation.
SIL Probability of failure on demand Risk reduction factor
1 0.1-0.01 10-100
2 0.01-0.001 100-1000
3 0.001-0.0001 1000-10,000
4 0.0001-0.00001 10,000-100,000
In the case of high demand or continuous operation, the following table applies.
SIL Probability of failure on demand Risk reduction factor
1 0.00001-0.000001 100,000-1,000,000
2 0.000001-0.0000001 1,000,000-10,000,000
3 0.0000001-0.00000001 10,000,000-100,000,000
4 0.00000001-0.000000001 100,000,000-1,000,000,000
Determining the SIL for a system is a multi-step process. It begins with a rigorous risk analysis of the system, followed by
calculations with the SIL, or preferably raw failure probability data, for the devices determined to be in the critical path. From that
an overall reliability figure is determined, which then yields the system SIL.
Knowing this provides methods needed to achieve a given SIL. For instance, a voting scheme involving three SIL 2-compliant
components can lead to a SIL 3-system, as demonstrated by the following:
Probs=Prob1 x Prob2 x Prob3
where Probs is the probability of system failure in a voting scheme based on independent components and Probx is the
probability of component x failing
Since the ratio of one SIL to another is 10:1, three component voting raises the system SIL from one level to the next. It also is the
minimum number of components needed to break ties.
4. Leading manufacturer of pressure
and temperature switches and
transmitters since 1931.
www.ueonline.com
3
Point safety applications
So what are some of the applications that demand a given SIL and a point safety
solution? Examples can be found in processing plants, transportation and worker
safety.
The first group involves active processing, with instances found in chemical and
petrochemical plants, refineries, and oil and gas facilities. In such situations, there is at
least one, and possibly several, critical process vessel, in which a reaction occurs that
must be monitored for level, flow, pressure, temperature, or a combination of these.
In petrochemical refining, for example, incoming crude oil undergoes distillation
with the output processed through an isomerization unit to alter its structure before
emerging as a fuel. Isomerization often involves heating product in the presence of a
catalyst, such as platinum or another metal. The combination of heat and a chemical
reaction can spiral out of control, ruining product and possibly leading to an explosion. The same is true for the sulfur removing
hydrotreater units found in multiple places within a refinery. Thus, the temperature and pressure must be monitored at many
locations, and, if need be, the process stopped.
A second set of applications involves transportation or storage of flammable materials. Examples can be found in grain
elevators and power plant coal dust conveyors. In the first case, grain must be moved into and then within a structure, which
is accomplished by a grain elevator. However, any fine airborne suspension of organic material is combustible. For that reason,
stones and metallic fragments are removed before grain is transported or milled. Still, the elevator itself can be a source of heat or
sparks. Thus the temperature within the mechanism has to be monitored and transport halted if dangerous conditions develop.
The same situation prevails in power plants or other facilities with coal dust conveyors. If a conveyor bearing or roller begins to
overheat and the safe threshold exceeded, this must be detected and the conveyor shut down.
An example of a final application category can be found in eye wash or safety stations. These are installed to ensure worker safety
and must function flawlessly when needed. Consequently, it is critical that the wash solution be cool enough not to scald and
warm enough not to freeze. These stations are situated in industrial settings, where temperature extremes are possible. Thus, a
method to monitor the situation and signal a critical alarm is important, in the event that the wash temperature is too high or low.
Considerations
As these examples show, there often is a requirement to monitor and react to critical process variables, such as temperature and
pressure. In implementing a solution, engineers should keep in mind that multiple technologies are better than one, speed can
save, and that safety systems must be independent of the basic process control system.
The first point is important because multiple technologies avoid common-mode failures. Take the case of a transmitter-controller
loop versus a switch. The former will suffer from the potential of a common-mode failure due to the reliance on a possibly
distant controller for action. Because it is self-contained, the switch continues to work regardless of what happens to some other
component.
5. Leading manufacturer of pressure
and temperature switches and
transmitters since 1931.
www.ueonline.com
4
A switch is also significantly faster. For instance, the One Series has a response time of less than 60 mS, five times better than
what can be done with a transmitter. Any time savings can be crucial in preventing or mitigating an unsafe condition. The self-
contained nature of a switch also ensures that the safety system can be independent of the control system. A switch will take its
own readings of temperature and pressure, for example, and then react in response to its own programming.
However, it is important that this independence not be total. That is, any safety instrument must be able
to report on its own condition and interface with the rest of a plant network. In the case of the
One Series, this is done through self-diagnostics that allow extensive fault detection, including
plugged ports and power supply out-of-range conditions. It also offers multiple outputs, with
both a switch function and a 4-20 mA analog output. Finally, it reports faults locally on its own
display and remotely via multiple outputs.
A final and imperative consideration for any technology involves determining the SIL rating
for an entire system. As discussed earlier, the use of voting can allow SIL 2 components to create a
SIL 3 system. In such arrangements, a critical piece of information is independent verification of safety
ratings. Part of such verification will include failure modes, effects and diagnostics analysis. FEMDA data
is part of the IEC EN 61508 certification and can be used in calculating overall system SIL.
Conclusion
As has been shown, advances in technology have made switches capable of monitoring temperature and pressure while
conducting self-diagnostics, thereby removing the perils of blind mechanical action. These developments constitute good news
for engineers who today want to simplify instrumentation in point safety applications common in petrochemical plants, coal
dust transportation, critical line or vessel protection, or eye wash safety stations. Such switches offer improved solutions through
avoidance of common mode failures, faster response times, independence from basic process control systems, and the ability to
achieve desired SIL via a voting scheme.
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