The document discusses the meaning, significance, and application of Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) and Hazard Identification (HAZID) studies for oil and gas engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) pipeline and process facilities projects. It explains that HAZOP and HAZID studies identify hazards in a system and possible incidents in order to reduce risks. They provide a systematic assessment of hazards and result in improved systems, procedures, and safety awareness. The studies are most beneficial when conducted early in the design process or on existing facilities.

1. GOOD MORNING !
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2. WELCOME !
ENGR. JOSEPH EGONA, SPM
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN
FELLOW COLLEAGUES
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3. THIS IS
Be the leading Oil & Gas Engineering
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A SUBSIDIARY OF THE CHROME GROUP,
AN INDEGINOUS COMPANY WITH A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE.
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Vision of KAZTEC:
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4. SIGNIFICANCE OF HAZOP/HAZID STUDIES
FOR AN OIL AND GAS EPC PIPELINE AND
PROCESS FACILITIES PROJECT
PROJECT PAPER PRESENTATION
Presented BY:
ANTHONY IZEGAEGBE– PROJECT ENGINEER (Civil)
ON
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5. MEANING, SIGNIFICANCE AND
APPLICATION OF HAZOP/HAZID STUDIES
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6. MEANING OF HAZOP STUDY
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7. PROFESSIONAL HAZARDS:
Every Project has its associated difficulties. Hence
professional Hazards are inevitable.
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WE NEED TO KNOW THAT:
Hence, Planning positions you to deal with
obstacles (Hazards).

8. HAZOP MEANS:
HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study)
Its a risk analysis tool which is used to identify
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abnormalities and its causes and consequences in
more complicated or comprehensive processes
or operations.
In simple words,

9. to avoid hazardous unwanted incidents
which may give rise to operability
problems and may be significant in terms
of damage to;
Life (death or injuries),
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Environment (environmental impact) or
Property (fire, unsafe structures, collapse).
A STUDY THAT HELPS

10. MEANING OF HAZOP STUDY – CONT’D
HAZOP
study is a structured and systematic examination of
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a planned or existing process operation in order to
identify and evaluate problems that may represent
risks to personnel or equipment, or prevent efficient
operation.

11. 11
HAZOP
 A HAZOP study is a widely used method for the identification of
hazards
 A HAZOP is a rigorous and highly structured hazard identification
tool
 It is normally applied when PFDs and P&IDs are available
 The plant/process under investigation is split into study nodes and
lines and equipment are reviewed on a node by node basis
 Guideword and deviation lists are applied to process parameters
to develop possible deviations from the design intent
HAZOP RESULTS IN A VERY SYSTEMATIC ASSESSMENT OF HAZARDS

12. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
HAZOP STUDY
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13. (HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT):
The HAZOP study methodology was first
introduced by engineers from ICI chemicals in
the mid-1970s.
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ICI – IMPERIAL CHEMICALS INDUSTRIES
After over 25 years usage it is
firmly established as the most widely used
technique for identifying deviations from
design intent and assessing the potential
consequences.

14. (HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT):
The HAZOP technique was initially developed
to analyze chemical process systems,
ALSO;
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but has later been extended to other types of
systems and also to complex operations and
to even software systems.
That leads us to

15. HAZOP STUDY – CONT’D
WHEN TO PERFORM HAZOP STUDY?
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16. HAZOP STUDY – CONT’D
WHEN TO PERFORM HAZOP STUDY?
The HAZOP study should preferably be carried
out as early
On the other hand; to carry out a HAZOP we
need a rather complete design.
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in the design phase as possible -
to have influence on the design.
As a compromise, the HAZOP is usually
carried out as a final check when the detailed
design has been completed.

17. HAZOP STUDY – CONT’D
A HAZOP study may also be conducted
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On an existing facility to identify
modifications that should be
implemented to reduce risk and
operability problems.

18. HAZOP STUDIES MAY ALSO BE USED
MORE EXTENSIVELY, INCLUDING:
1. At the initial concept stage when design drawings are
available (conceptualization stage).
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2. When the final piping and instrumentation diagrams
(P&ID) are available.

19. WHEN TO PERFORM OF HAZOP STUDY – CONT’D
3. During construction and installation to ensure
that recommendations are implemented
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4. During commissioning
5. During operation to ensure that plant emergency
and operating procedures are regularly reviewed
and updated as required.

20. NOW LETS LOOK AT HAZID
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21. MEANING OF HAZID STUDY
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22. HAZID:
HAZID means (Hazard Identification)
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It’s a general risk analysis tool for early
identification of hazards or threats,
where the purpose is to identify
possible unwanted incidents within a
discipline, operation or area.

23. HAZID:
These possible incidents are classified with
respect to consequences and probability.
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Measures are then implemented in order to
reduce the risk to an acceptable level.
UNWANTED INCIDENTS
That leads us to

24. WHEN TO PERFORM HAZID STUDY?
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25. HAZID STUDY – CONT’D
WHEN TO PERFORM HAZID STUDY?
HAZID studies follow a very similar format to
HAZOPs, although a different set of guidewords are
used.
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HAZIDs are usually conducted prior to the start of
detailed design of a process and are typically used
to identify major hazards likely to impinge on the
process under review.

26. HAZID STUDY – CONT’D
Typical HAZID guidewords or phrases can include:
HAZID, GUIDEWORDS
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Fire,
Explosion,
Dropped loads,
Environmental conditions and
Human factors.
A HAZID is sometimes known as a HAZOP I study.

27. SOMETIMES, THAT MEANS THEY CAN BE USED INTERCHANGEABLY DEPENDING ON THE
TERRAIN AND CIRCUMSTANCES.
AS FAR AS I KNOW
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TYPES OF HAZOP STUDY

28. TYPES OF HAZOP STUDY
PROCESS HAZOP
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HUMAN HAZOP
PROCEDURE
HAZOP
SOFTWARE
HAZOP

29. TYPES OF HAZOP STUDY – CONT’D
This HAZOP technique was originally developed to
assess plants and process systems.
PROCESS HAZOP
HUMAN HAZOP
A “family” specialized HAZOPs. More focused on
human errors than technical failures.
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30. TYPES OF HAZOP STUDY – CONT’D
Review of procedure or operational sequence
sometimes denoted SAFOP – SAFe OPeration study.
PROCEDURE HAZOP
SOFTWARE HAZOP
This HAZOP reveals the identification of possible
errors in the development of a software.
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31. OTHER METHODOLOGY
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32. HAZAN STUDIES
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MEANING
“HAZARD ANALYSIS”
HAZ-ard AN-alysis = HAZ + AN

33. HAZAN STUDY
The term HAZard ANalysis (HAZAN) covers a range
of techniques which are, as the phrase implies,
Used to analyze hazards.
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Typically, this includes analyzing the consequences
of hazards and the safeguards for hazard
prevention and / or mitigation. Many hazard
techniques have been developed for a variety of
different end requirements.

34. HAZAN STUDY - CONT’D
• Those that have gained most widespread
use are:
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• Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
• Event Tree Analysis (ETA)
• Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality
Analysis (FMECA)

35. HAZAN STUDY
SOFTWARE RELATED PACKAGES
- “Risk Spectrum PSA Professional” by Relcon
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- “PHA Professional” by Dyadem,
- “Fault Tree Plus” by Isograph and
- “RAMP” by Advantage.

36. HAZOP/HAZID MANAGEMENT
During the development of a large upstream oil
and gas project, there is a need for third party
reviews.
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This might be in the form of a hazard and
operability study (HAZOP) and hazard identification
(HAZID) study, or in the form of process design
reviews, safety reviews and so forth.

37. HAZOP AND HAZID FACILITATION
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38. HAZOP AND HAZID FACILITATION
Risk Assessment Workshops can be
conducted at all phases of the Oil and Gas
EPC Pipeline or
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Process facility project’s life-
cycle to identify potential hazards associated
with a system(s) and initiate appropriate
control measures to either eliminate them, or
reduce their risk to a level that is acceptable.

39. HAZOP AND HAZID FACILITATION
Workshop results can be captured in a hazard log,
or hazard tracking system (such as SITREP) for easy
translation into a post workshop action plan.
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Well facilitated risk assessment workshops can
ensure the effective engagement and input of all
stakeholders, produce coherent and practical
action plans, and minimize the risks to project cost
and schedule.

40. SIGNIFICANCE OF
HAZOP / HAZID STUDIES
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THEREFORE FOR AN OIL AND GAS EPC
PIPELINE AND PROCESS FACILITIES
PROJECT.

41. ITS SIGNIFICANCE THEREFORE
1. The hazards of the process
IDENTIFIES THE FOLLOWING:
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2. The identification of any previous incident
which had a likely potential for
catastrophic consequences in the
workplace.
3.Engineering and administrative controls

42. ITS SIGNIFICANCE THEREFORE
4. Consequences of failure of
engineering and administrative controls
IDENTIFIES THE FOLLOWING:
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5. Facility siting
6. Human factors and
7. A qualitative evaluation of a range of
the possible safety and health effects of
failure of controls on employees in the
workplace.

43. ITS SIGNIFICANCE THEREFORE
8. A good HAZOP study is also used as an
input for proceeding with Layers of
Protection Analysis.
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It must be remembered that a good
HAZOP study is only as good as the skills
of the facilitator and team members.

44. IN SUMMARY
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HAZOP/HAZID STUDY
RESULTS/OUTCOME
AND
ADVANTAGES

45. HAZOP / HAZID RESULTS
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46. HAZOP/HAZID OUTCOME
1.Improvement of system(s) or operations
– Reduced risk and better contingency
– More efficient operations
2.Improvement of procedures
– Logical order
– Completeness
3. General awareness among involved
parties
4.Team building – strengthening, exposure
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47. HAZOP / HAZID STUDIES
ADVANTAGES
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48. ADVANTAGES
Systematic examination
Solutions to the problems identified may be
indicated
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Multidisciplinary study
Utilizes operational experience
Covers safety as well as operational aspects

49. ADVANTAGES
Considers operational procedures
Covers human errors
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Study led by independent person
Results are recorded
And with that,

50. END OF PRESENTATION
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51. QUESTIONS
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