This document summarizes Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development, which contends that libido, or sexual instinctual energy, develops in children from infancy through young adulthood in five stages - oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Each stage is focused on deriving pleasure from a different part of the body and successfully resolving conflicts helps one progress to the next stage of development. Key aspects of each stage are outlined, including the primary erogenous zones, pleasures derived, and conflicts that arise.

1. SIGMUND
FREUD
(PSYCHOSEXU
ALDEVELOPME
NT)
Bandana Yadav
M.Sc. Nursing,1st Year (B-2023)
B. P. Koirala Institute of Health
Sciences, Dharan

2. INTRODUCTION (CONTD…)
 Psychosexual Development Freud theory contains a
number of concepts that are helpful in understanding
child development.

3. INTRODUCTION (CONTD…)
According to Freud, the most important life instinct
was the sex instinct, which changed its character and
focus according to biological maturation.

4. INTRODUCTION (CONTD…)
As the sex instinct's psychic energy shifts from one
part of the body to another, the child passes through
five stages of development: Oral, anal, phallic,
latency and genital

5. INTRODUCTION (CONTD…)
 Each stage is related to a specific body part that brings
primary pleasure to the child during that stage.

6. INTRODUCTION (CONTD…)
 Psychosexual Development Freud theory
contains a number of concepts that are
helpful in understanding child
development.

7. INTRODUCTION (CONTD…)
According to Freud, the most
important life instinct was the sex
instinct, which changed its character
and focus according to biological
maturation.

8. INTRODUCTION (CONTD…)
As the sex instinct's psychic energy shifts from
one part of the body to another, the child
passes through five stages of development:
Oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital

9. INTRODUCTION (CONTD…)
 Each stage is related to a specific body part
that brings primary pleasure to the child during
that stage.

13. STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT
Oral Stage (Birth to 1 year)
Anal Stage (1 to 3 years)
Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years)
Latency Stage (6 years to puberty)
Genital Stage (puberty to adult)

15. Stages of Psychosexual
development:
1. Oral stage (Birth to 1 year)
During the oral stage, Infants obtain
gratification through stimulation of the
mouth such as rooting, biting, chewing
and sucking reflex

16. Oral stage ( Contd…)
 In the period of infancy the child gets the
sexual satisfaction from the oral region.

17. Oral stage ( Contd…)
Freud believed infants received satisfaction and
enjoyment from these oral behaviors and later
development was affected by how well oral
needs met as well as how closely attached the
infant was to the mother who usually met these
needs

18. Oral stage ( Contd…)
 The infant is entirely dependent upon
caretakers; the infant also develops a
sense of trust and comfort through this
oral stimulation.

19. 2. Anal stage (1 to 3 years)
During the anal stage, the libido
now becomes focused on the anus
and the child derives great
pleasure from defecating

20. Anal stage ( Contd…)
 Sphincture muscles are maturing and
children develop the ability to eliminate
and retain fecal material.
 Sexual urges are gratified primarily by
learning to voluntarily defecate.

21. Anal stage ( Contd…)
Freud believed that the primary focus
of the libido was on controlling bladder
and bowel movements.

22. Anal stage ( Contd…)
The major conflict at this stage is toilet
training so the child has to learn to control his
or her bodily needs. Developing this control
leads to a sense of accomplishment and
independence.

23. 3. Phallic stage (3 to 6 years)
During the phallic stage, the primary
focus of the libido is on the genitals.
Sensitivity now becomes concentrated in
the genitals and becomes a new source of
pleasure.

24. Phallic stage ( Contd…)
At this age, children also begin to discover the
differences between males and females.
 Children are curious about child birth,
fascinated with anatomic differences, and find
pleasure in their own genitals.

25. Phallic stage ( Contd…)
During these years, children also develop
a strong incestuous desire for the
caregiver of the opposite gender.

26. Phallic stage ( Contd…)
The oedipal complex (attachment of boy to his
mother) and electra complex (attachment of a
girl to her father) produce anxiety that must be
resolved and controlled

27. Phallic stage ( Contd…)
 Resolution and control allows children
to identify with the care giver of the same
gender and fosters male and female
identity.

28. 4. Latency stage (6 to 12 years)
Children sexual urges are submerged they
put their energies into acquiring cultural
skills

29. Latency stage (Contd…)
 In this child distinguish the visible
conflict of sex organs of the same age
groups may.

30. Latency stage (Contd…)
During the latent period, the libido interests are
suppressed, appropriate gender roles are
adopted and the oedipal or electra conflicts are
resolved.

31. Latency stage (Contd…)
No further psychosexual development takes
place during this stage. In this stage, the
superego has developed sufficiently to keep
the id under control.

32. Latency stage (Contd…)
This stage is important in the
development of social and
communication skills and self-
confidence.

33. 5. Genital stage (12 years and
over)
 During the final stage of psychosexual development, the
individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex.

34. Genital stage (Contd…)
This stage begins during puberty but last
throughout the rest of a person's life.

35. Genital stage (Contd…)
Sexual desires re-emerge due to
physiological changes, fluctuating
hormone level and changing social
relationships.

36. Genital stage (Contd…)
 Sexual instinct is directed to heterosexual pleasure,
rather than self pleasure during the phallic stage.

37. REFERENCES
 Kliegman M Robert. Nelsons essentials of Pediatrics. 5th
edition. Elsevier publication; 2007
 Acharya S. Comprehensive Text book of C hild Health
Nuring(pediatric Nursing) Samiksha Publication.Pvt. LTD.
 Datta, P. Pediatric Nursing.Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher’
(p) LTD.

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