3. • Born in 1856, in the Austro-Hungarian
Empire
• Freud’s father was a small time merchant
• Freud’s mother was the second wife for
Freud’s father
• Freud had 2 half brothers, who were 20
years older than he
4. • Freud’s family background was Jewish but
he was an avowed atheist
• In this time period, as a Jewish man,
Freud’s only career options were medicine
and law
• He chose medicine and specialized in
neurology
5. • In 1886 Freud married, moved to Vienna,
Austria and opened a practice specializing
in nervous and brain disorders
6. • In 1900 he introduced the world to
‘Freudian slips’ which he described as
slips of the tongue where the thoughts of
the unconscious mind were revealed;
i.e. - ‘can I give you a hand?’ said to a
one armed person
7. • Super Ego is part of
the Preconscious mind
• Ego*
• Id is part of the
Unconscious mind
* Ego is floating is all 3
states
8. • Because the unconscious is so large, and
because we are only aware of the very small
conscious at any given time, this theory is
likened to an iceberg, where the vast majority is
buried beneath the water’s surface
• The water would represent everything that we
are not aware of, have not experienced, and that
has not been integrated into our personalities,
referred to the as nonconscious
9. Psychoanalytic Theory
• Stated that the mind is divided into 2 parts:
–The conscious – the part of which we
are aware
–The unconscious – the part of which we
are not aware
The unconscious mind has more
influence than the conscious has on our
personality & behaviour
10. • The unconscious is further divided into 3
parts:
– the id – encourages us to seek physical
satisfaction (sexual, nutritional)
– the superego – prompts us to do the moral
thing, not the one that feels the best
– the ego – referees between the id and
superego, and deals with external reality (our
conscious self)
11. • Freud believed that these 3 parts (id, ego,
superego) affect our personality
development, and our individual behaviour
• He also maintained that our early
childhood experiences, usually involving
our relationships with our parents & family,
are stored in our unconscious mind
12. Psycho-sexual Theory
• Freud believed that individual sexual
satisfaction or frustration was the key
element in personality development
• He also stated that the sex drive was the
greatest shaper of personality, and that
sexuality was even present in infants
15. 1. Oral Stage
* Duration: from birth to 1 year of age
• Pleasure zone: mouth
• Main characteristics: main source of
pleasure is the mouth, lips, tongue, etc.
–The main concern is with immediate
gratification of urges dominated by the
id
* Tasks to achieve: satisfactory feeding
& weaning
16. • Did you ever notice how little children tend
to put everything in their mouths? This
makes perfect sense from Freud’s
perspective, who says that that is their
primary pleasure zone
17. 2. Anal Stage
• Duration: from 1-2 years of age
• Pleasure zone: Anus
• Main characteristics: controlling and
controlling the bowels and bladder; the
ego starts to control the id
• Tasks to achieve: potty and toilet
training
18. Anally retentive?
• Perhaps you have heard this term…
typically it refers to someone who is
extremely stubborn; won’t let go of
something once it is over; bears a grudge
forever
19. 3. Phallic Stage
• Duration: from 2-6 years of age
• Pleasure zone: phallus
• Main characteristics: some pleasure is
gained from playing with the genitals. This
pleasure is associated with the same sex
parent leading to the Oedipus and Electra
Complexes
• Id demands, ego tries to satisfy id, and
superego tries to impose moral choices
20. • Did you ever notice how sometimes little
children will unashamedly put their hands
down their pants and walk around in
public? Freud says that since the genitals
are a source of pleasure they also provide
comfort to a young child.
21. • Oedipus Complex – little boys have a sexual
attraction towards their mothers and a sense of
jealousy/hatred towards their fathers
• Electra Complex – little girls have a sexual
attraction towards their fathers and a sense of
jealousy/hatred towards their mothers
• Freud says that these Complexes are not
resolved through murder, but through gradual
identification with the same sex parent
(assuming the goals, ambitions, mannerisms,&
other personality traits)
22. 4. Latency Stage
• Duration: from 6-11 years of age
• Pleasure zone: none
• Main characteristics: Oedipus and
Electra Complexes are resolved and
identification with same sex parent occurs,
and loss of interest in opposite sex. Id,
ego, superego continue to compete
• Tasks to achieve: none
23. 5. Genital Stage
• Duration: from 11 years on
• Pleasure zone: genitals
• Main characteristics: increasing concern
with adult ways of experiencing sexual
pleasure
• Tasks to achieve: good relationships
with members of both sexes
24. Fixation
• Freud says that a person can become
stuck or fixated at any stage and may not
progress beyond it, continuing to find
pleasure in the pleasure zone associated
with that stage
• i.e. – gum chews, pencil biters, smokers
are said to be fixated at the Oral Stage
25. Penis Envy
• Freud believed that girls suffered from
penis envy because boys had penis’ and
girls were without them
26. • Sigmund Freud died in 1939 in England at
the age of 83, from cancer of the jaw
(following years of cigar smoking – he
himself claimed to be orally fixated)
