Lesson 4 in Ed101 The Child and Adolescent Learners

1. Psychosexual
Development
Theory of Sigmund Freud

2. FOUNDER
SIGMUND FREUD :
 MAY 6, 1856 – SIGMUND FREUD WAS BORN IN FREYBERG
TOWN, CRECH REPUBLIC
 1881 – HE GRADUATED FROM MEDICAL FACULTY,
UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA
 1896 – SIGMUND FREUD WAS OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED
 1900 – HE RELEASED ‘INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS’
 SEPTEMBER 23, 1939 – FREUD PASSED AWAYIN
HAMPSTEAD HOUSE

3. OVERVIEW OF
PSYCHOANALYSIS
•A set of philosophical of human nature
• Psychoanalysis is both an approach to
therapy and a theory of personality
• Emphasizes unconscious motivation – the
main cause of behavior lie in unconscious
mind

4. VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE
1.DETERMINISTIC
• Life is about gaining pleasure and avoiding
pain
2. HUMAN AS ENERGY SYSTEM
•Freud believe that human are motivated
by the unconscious, where the Id is found
along with the aggression and sex instincts

5. LEVEL OF MENTAL LIFE
1. UNCONSCIOUS
• Contains all the feeling, urges or instinct that are beyond our
awareness but it affect our expression, feeling, action
(E.g. Slip of tongue, dreams, wishes)
2. PRECONSCIOUS
• Facts stored in a part of the brain, which are not conscious but are
available for possible use in the future
(E.g. A person will never think of her home address at that moment
but when her friend ask for it, she can easily recall it)
3. CONSCIOUS
• Only level of mental life that are directly available to us
• The awareness of our own mental process (Thoughts/feeling)

6. STRUCTURE OF
PERSONALITY
Consist of three parts :
1.Id
2.Ego
3.Superego

7. 1. Id
• Infants are born with Id intact
• Operates on PLEASURE PRINCIPE –
to gain pleasure, avoid pain
• Driven by sexual and aggressive urge

8. 2. Ego
• The rational level of personality
• Operates on REALITY PRINCIPLES –
does realistic and logical thinking
• The balance between Id and
Superego

9. 3. Superego
• Partially unconscious
•Operates on MORAL PRINCIPLES
• Able to differentiate between good and
bad, right and wrong
•If people follow their superego, they will
feel proud but if they don’t follow, they
will feel guilty and anxious

10. Example:
• I want to
eat
chocolate!
ID
• Eats a small
bar of
chocolate
EGO
• I am on a
super diet!
SUPEREGO

14. What is psychosexual
development?
 Freud believed that adult
personality problems were
the result of early
experiences in life.
 He believed that we go
through several stages of
psychosexual development
and that at each stage of
development we
experience pleasure in one
part of the body than in
others.

15. What are erogenous zones?
 Erogenous zones
are parts of the
body that have
especially strong
pleasure-giving
qualities at
particular stages of
development.

16. What is psychosexual
development?
 Freud thought that
our adult personality
is determined by the
way we resolve
conflicts between
these early sources
of pleasure—the
mouth, the anus and
the genitals—and the
demands of reality.

17. PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
•Children progress through SIX psychosexual
stages during psychosexual development
• A person become ‘FIXATED’ or stuck in a
stage when a basic need is not met,
therefore that person will face difficulty in
transiting to another stage

18. What is fixation?
 Fixation is the
psychoanalytic
defense
mechanism that
occurs when the
individual remains
locked in an
earlier
developmental
stage because
needs are under-
or over-gratified

19. Examples of fixation
 Weaning a child too
early or until too late
 Being too strict in toilet
training the child
 Punishing the child for
masturbation
 Smothering the child
with too much
attention

20. Stages of
Psychosexual Development

21. I. Oral Stage
 It occurs during the
first 18 months of life
when the infant’s
pleasure centers on
the mouth.
 Chewing, sucking
and biting are chief
sources of pleasure
and these actions
reduces tension in
the infant.

22. Fixations at oral stage:

23. Fixations at oral stage:

24. II. Anal Stage
 It is the second stage
of oral development
that occurs between 1
½ until 3 years of age,
in which the child’s
greatest pleasure
involves the anus or
the eliminative
functions associated
with it.

25. II. Anal Stage
 In Freud’s view, the
exercise of anal
muscles reduces
tension.

26. II. Anal Stage
 Through toilet
training, the
child comes in
contact with the
rules of society.

29. Fixations at anal stage:

30. Fixations at anal stage:

31. III. Phallic Stage
 It occurs between the
ages of 3-6.
 The word “phallic” comes
the Latin word “phallus,”
which means “penis.”
 During this stage,
pleasure focuses on the
genitals as the child
discovers that self-
stimulation is enjoyable.

32. Importance of Phallic Stage
 In Freud’s view, the
phallic stage has a
special importance in
personality
development because
this period triggers
the Oedipus
Complex.

33. What is the Oedipus Complex?
 The Oedipus
Complex is the
young child’s
development of an
intense desire to
replace the parent
of the same sex
and enjoy the
affection of the
opposite-sex
parent.

34. Resolving the Oedipus Complex



At about 5-6 years of age,
children recognize that their
same-sex parent might punish
them for their incestuous
wishes.
To reduce the conflict, the
child identifies with the same-
sex parent, striving to be like
him/her.
If the conflict is not resolved,
the individual may become
fixated at the phallic stage.

35. Fixation at Phallic Stage

36. Fixation at Phallic Stage

37. IV. Latency Stage
 It occurs at
approximately
between 6 years of
age until puberty.
 At this stage, the
child represses all
interest in
sexuality and
develops social and
intellectual skills.

38. IV. Latency Stage
 The pursuit of social
and academic
activities channels
much of the child’s
energy into
emotionally safe
areas and aids the
child in forgetting
the highly stressful
conflicts of the
phallic stage

39. V. Genital Stage
 The final stage of
psychosexual
development occurs
from puberty onwards.
 It is the time of sexual
reawakening, but the
source of sexual
pleasure now becomes
someone outside the
family.

40. V. Genital Stage
 Freud believed that
unresolved conflicts
with parents re-
emerged during
adolescence.
 Once resolved, Freud
believed that the
individual capable of
developing a mature
love relationship and
functioning
independently as an
adult.

41. Freud’s
sexual
fixation

42. THANK YOU!