This document discusses pile foundations and provides details about a specific pile foundation project at Arail Ghat. It first classifies piles based on various criteria such as material, cross-section, shape, load transfer mechanism, formation method, and installation method. For the Arail Ghat project, the piles will be concrete, circular in cross-section, underreamed in shape, rely on friction for load transfer, be cast in situ, and be bored for installation. The document then provides specifications for the Arail Ghat piles like their dimensions, reinforcement, concrete mix design, and boring equipment.

1. Pile foundation at Arail Ghat

2. INTRODUCTION
A pile foundation is usually provided when the soil at shallow depth is poor
in order to transmit the load safely, the depth of foundation has to increased
a suitable soil stratum is met. In view of increased depth, such foundations
called deep foundations . Piles, piers and wells are examples of
foundations. Different types of pile foundations are discussed in the following
sections.

3. Types of Piles
Piles have been classified using different criteria. Some of these criteria are:
On the basis of method of construction
1)Timber
2)Steel
3)Concrete
4)Composite

4. Timber Piles
Steel Piles

5. Composite Piles

6. On the basis of Cross-section:
1)Circular
2)Square
3)Hexagonal
4)I- section
5)H-section
6)Pipe(hollow)

7. On the basis of shape:
1)Cylindrical
2)Tapered
3)Underreamed
Tapered Piles

8. Underreamed Piles

9. On the basis of load transfer:
1)Bearing
2)Friction
3)Tension
Tension Piles

11. On the method of forming:
1)Precast
2)Prestressed
3)Cast in situ
Precast Piles

12. Driven Prestressed Piles

14. On the basis of installation:
1)Driven
2)Bored
3)Vibrated
4)Jetted
Driven Piles

15. Bored Piles

16. Vibrated Piles

17. Jetted piles

18. However it is realised that the best way of classifying the pile is on the basis of
the effect of installation of pile on the soil. Based on this creterion, piles can be
considered into two main classses:
1)Displacement Piles-During installation of piles, large amount of soil is
displaced laterally and upwards.

19. 2)Non Displacement Piles-Those piles whose installation does not lead to any
displacement of soil. A void is formed in the soil by boring or excavation and
is then filled with concrete.

20. Arail Ghat specifications:
1)Construction site dimension-300m*165m.
2)Type of Piles: On the basis of matrial of construction-Concrete
On the basis of cross section-Circular
On the basis of shape-Underreamed
On the basis of mode of load transfer-Friction
On the basis of method of forming-Cast in situ
On the basis of method of installation-Bored
3)Pile specifications:
-Diameter of piles=200mm
-Length of piles=6000mm
-Pile cap=200mm
-Longitudinal Reinforcement=12 mm Fe 500
-Shear stirrups of 8mm Fe 500 @ spacing of 200mm
-OPC Grade 43 Cement
-M25 Concrete
-1:1:2 Mix design
-40:60 ratio of coarse aggregates used of 10mm and 20mm respectively.
-Cover of 50mm
-Hand operated Auger is used for boring