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This document discusses determining regularity in ECG rhythms. Regularity is the second step in ECG rhythm analysis, and irregular rhythms are considered abnormal. Regularity can be assessed using methods like calipers, marking a paper with a pen, or counting small squares between intervals. Irregularity may present as occasional, very irregular, or slightly irregular patterns, or as a sudden heart rate acceleration. Patterned or totally irregular rhythms also exist. Irregularity can be caused by conditions that alter conduction ratios.
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This document provides an overview of ECG interpretation and various cardiac rhythms. It begins with a description of the normal electrical conduction system and reading EKG graph paper. It then outlines a five-step approach to interpreting EKG rhythm strips: assessing heart rate, rhythm, P wave, PR interval, and QRS complex. Various sinus and atrial rhythms are defined such as sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, and atrial flutter. Ventricular rhythms including premature ventricular contractions and lethal rhythms like ventricular fibrillation are also described. Causes, signs/symptoms, and treatment approaches are provided for each rhythm.
ECG_INTERPRETATION.pptx
The document provides information on ECG interpretation including:
1) It describes the 12 ECG leads and what areas of the heart each views.
2) It outlines the normal ECG waveform components and how to measure intervals like the PR and QT.
3) Key aspects to evaluate include rhythm, rate, P waves, PR interval, QRS complex, T waves, ST segments, and axes.
4) Common rhythm abnormalities like sinus tachycardia and bradycardia are discussed as well as heart block classifications.
Electrocardiogaram - ECG EKG
This document provides an overview of electrocardiography (ECG) and ECG interpretation. It discusses the conduction system of the heart and how ECG works to record and display the heart's electrical activity. A systematic 8-step approach to ECG interpretation is outlined, examining rate, rhythm, intervals, waves, segments, and arriving at an overall interpretation. Common ECG patterns for myocardial ischemia, injury, and infarction are reviewed.
P wave axis and escape rhythms
This document discusses P-wave morphology and its relationship to various cardiac rhythms. It begins by defining the P-wave and establishing criteria for normal P-wave characteristics. It then explores how deviations from these criteria can indicate conditions like atrial enlargement or ectopic rhythms. Specific arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation, flutter, sinus arrest and junctional rhythms are examined in terms of their P-wave patterns. The document emphasizes analyzing P-waves to help identify the origin of the cardiac rhythm and any underlying conduction abnormalities.
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About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
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- 1. Q I A 4 Fast & Easy ECGs – A Self-Paced Learning Program Regularity
- 2. Regularity • Second step of analyzing an ECG rhythm is determining its regularity Q
- 3. Regularity • Normally the heart beats in a regular, rhythmic fashion • Distance between consecutive P waves and consecutive QRS complexes should be the same I
- 4. Regularity • If the distance of the R-R intervals and P-P intervals is the same the rhythm is regular • If the distance differs, the rhythm is irregular • Irregular rhythms are considered abnormal I
- 5. Regularity
- 6. Determining Irregularity • Several methods can be used to determine rhythm regularity including: – Caliper Method – Paper and Pen Method – Counting the Small Squares Method I
- 7. Caliper Method • Place ECG tracing on a flat surface • Position one point of caliper on a starting point • Open calipers by pulling the other leg until the point is positioned on the next R wave or P wave • With the calipers open in that position and keeping the point positioned over the second P wave or R wave rotate the calipers across to the peak of the next consecutive (the third) P wave or R wave I
- 9. Paper and Pen Method • Place the straight edge of a piece of paper above or over the ECG tracing so that the intervals are still visible • Identify a starting point and place a mark on paper in the corresponding position above it • Find peak of the next consecutive R wave or P wave and place a mark on the paper in the corresponding position above it. • Move the paper across the ECG tracing, aligning the two marks with succeeding R-R intervals or P-P intervals I
- 10. Paper and Pen Method
- 11. Counting the Small Squares Method • Count the number of small squares between the peaks of two consecutive R waves (or P waves) and then compare to the other R-R (or P-P) intervals • If the number is the same, the rhythm is regular, if it isn’t it is irregular I
- 13. Occasionally or Very Irregular Occasionally irregular • Mostly regular but from time to time there is an area of irregularity Very irregular • Has many areas of irregularity I
- 14. Slightly Irregular • Pacemaker changes location from site to site producing a slightly irregular rhythm • Referred to as wandering atrial pacemaker Q
- 15. Sudden Heart Rate Acceleration • A normal rate that suddenly accelerates to a rapid rate producing an irregularity in the rhythm • Referred to as paroxysmal tachycardia
- 16. Patterned Irregularity • Irregularity repeats itself in a cyclic fashion • Examples are sinus dysrhythmia, 2nd-degree AV heart block, Type I
- 17. Totally Irregular • No consistency to the irregularity • Typically atrial fibrillation I
- 18. Another Type of Irregularity • Irregularity can also be seen in dysrhythmias with a varying atrial to ventricular conduction ratio I
- 19. Practice Makes Perfect • Determine the regularity I
- 20. Practice Makes Perfect • Determine the regularity I
- 21. Practice Makes Perfect • Determine the regularity I
- 22. Practice Makes Perfect • Determine the regularity I
- 23. Practice Makes Perfect • Determine the regularity I
- 24. Summary • Determining regularity is the second step of analyzing an ECG rhythm. • Irregular rhythms are considered abnormal and can be caused by a variety of conditions. • If the distance of the R-R intervals or P-P intervals is the same, the rhythm is regular – if the distance differs, the rhythm is irregular.
- 25. Summary • Several methods can be used to determine rhythm regularity, including using calipers, marking a paper with a pen, and counting the small squares between each R- R interval. • Irregularity may be occasionally irregular, very irregular, or slightly irregular. • A normal rate that suddenly accelerates to a rapid rate produces irregularity in the rhythm.
- 26. Summary • Patterned irregularity is where the irregularity repeats in a cyclic fashion. • A totally irregular rhythm has no consistency to the irregularity (atrial fibrillation). • Irregularity can also be seen in dysrhythmias that have a varying atrial-to-ventricular conduction ratio.