This document discusses a method for increasing the efficiency of micro grid-tied wind turbines in low wind speed regimes. The authors attach a small external DC motor to the turbine rotor hub using a spring balance system. The motor provides an external torque to the rotor when wind speeds are low, between 2.5-4 m/s, to maintain the rotor's momentum and allow the generator to produce a stable power supply. Theoretical calculations and experiments on a 700W turbine show that the method increases output power. However, further experiments are needed to fully validate the approach and optimize the motor and control systems. The goal is to enable stable power production from wind turbines even in locations with average wind speeds too low for conventional designs.
The document discusses issues with grid-tied micro wind turbines related to synchronization and wind variability, which reduces grid stability. To address this, the authors propose a method of attaching an external motor to provide torque to the turbine rotor, allowing it to produce stable power even at low wind speeds. They implement this concept on a 700W turbine in India. Theoretical and experimental results show their method can increase power output and help make wind energy more viable for domestic use.
Active and Reactive Power Control of a Doubly Fed Induction GeneratorIJPEDS-IAES
Wind energy has many advantages, it does not pollute and it is an inexhaustible source. However, the cost of this energy is still too high to compete with traditional fossil fuels, especially on sites less windy. The performance of a wind turbine depends on three parameters: the power of wind, the power curve of the turbine and the generator's ability to respond to wind fluctuations. This paper presents a control chain conversion based on a double-fed asynchronous machine (D.F.I.G). To improve the transient and steady state performance and the power factor of generation, a stator flux oriented vector control scheme is used in this work. The vector control structure employs conventional PI controllers for the decoupled control of the stator side active and reactive power. The whole system is modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink and the results are analyzed.
Modeling and Simulation of Self Excited Induction Machine for Wind Power Gene...IDES Editor
This document presents a model and simulation of a self-excited induction machine for wind power generation. The key points are:
3
F re q u e n cy
5 0 H z
V o lta g e
4 4 0 V o lts
P o le s
4
S p e e d
9 0 0 rp m
E fficie n cy
8 5 -9 0 %
1. A self-excited induction machine is proposed to generate power from wind without using mechanical gearing, to reduce mechanical losses.
2. The model varies the mutual inductance of the stator and rotor wind
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET - Wind Energy Conversion System with DGIFIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses a wind energy conversion system (WECS) that uses a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). DFIGs are commonly used in wind turbines because they allow the generator output voltage and frequency to remain constant despite variations in wind speed.
2. A DFIG consists of a wound rotor induction generator with a partial scale back-to-back power converter between the rotor and grid. This configuration allows both sub-synchronous and super-synchronous operation relative to the grid frequency.
3. By controlling the rotor current, a DFIG can generate power from both the rotor and stator sides, providing constant output voltage and frequency over a wide range of wind speeds without requiring large power
Mfc based doubled fed induction generator in wind energy conversion systemnagarajaan
This document discusses a proposed doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) system for wind energy conversion that uses a magnitude and frequency control (MFC) technique. The MFC controller aims to extract maximum power from the wind turbine, maintain constant voltage and frequency, and control reactive power flow without needing an external compensator. Simulation results show that the MFC controlled DFIG is able to attain a maximum rotor speed of 0.85 pu and extract 76% of the theoretical maximum power from the wind turbine. The conclusion is that the control technique for the DFIG has been analyzed and the objectives of maximum power extraction and reactive power control are achieved.
Analysis and Implementation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Conventiona...ijtsrd
As we know, energy generated from the solar and wind systems is not necessarily continuous and consistent. In India, the weather also varies such that in gloomy conditions there will be limited power from the PV battery, while in summer it will be at its highest. So, the weather decreases the systems effectiveness. As a result, an energy efficient approach is required to find an optimum point of action to obtain the full amount of energy under various atmospheric conditions. This paper suggested an updated turbulence and maximal power point monitoring controller for wind and solar hybrid energy systems. The controller uses the modified fixed disruption and observation system to achieve the MPP by changing the service cycle of each input module. Results are presented on a 200W wind system as well as a 400W solar wind energy system with differing irradiation strength and wind speed to illustrate the merits of the experiment. Majhar Ali Ansari | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Analysis and Implementation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Conventional P & O Algorithm for Hybrid System in Different Atmospheric Conditions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46298.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46298/analysis-and-implementation-of-maximum-power-point-tracking-using-conventional-p-and-o-algorithm-for-hybrid-system-in-different-atmospheric-conditions/majhar-ali-ansari
PSO-Backstepping controller of a grid connected DFIG based wind turbine IJECEIAES
This document presents a particle swarm optimization-backstepping (PSO-backstepping) controller for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine system. The controller aims to maximize energy extraction and control the active and reactive power exchanged between the generator and grid despite parameter uncertainties. An artificial bee colony algorithm is used to select the optimal rotor speed to extract maximum power for varying wind speeds. Particle swarm optimization selects the optimal backstepping controller parameters. Simulation results show the optimized performance of the proposed control technique under uncertain system parameters.
The document discusses issues with grid-tied micro wind turbines related to synchronization and wind variability, which reduces grid stability. To address this, the authors propose a method of attaching an external motor to provide torque to the turbine rotor, allowing it to produce stable power even at low wind speeds. They implement this concept on a 700W turbine in India. Theoretical and experimental results show their method can increase power output and help make wind energy more viable for domestic use.
Active and Reactive Power Control of a Doubly Fed Induction GeneratorIJPEDS-IAES
Wind energy has many advantages, it does not pollute and it is an inexhaustible source. However, the cost of this energy is still too high to compete with traditional fossil fuels, especially on sites less windy. The performance of a wind turbine depends on three parameters: the power of wind, the power curve of the turbine and the generator's ability to respond to wind fluctuations. This paper presents a control chain conversion based on a double-fed asynchronous machine (D.F.I.G). To improve the transient and steady state performance and the power factor of generation, a stator flux oriented vector control scheme is used in this work. The vector control structure employs conventional PI controllers for the decoupled control of the stator side active and reactive power. The whole system is modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink and the results are analyzed.
Modeling and Simulation of Self Excited Induction Machine for Wind Power Gene...IDES Editor
This document presents a model and simulation of a self-excited induction machine for wind power generation. The key points are:
3
F re q u e n cy
5 0 H z
V o lta g e
4 4 0 V o lts
P o le s
4
S p e e d
9 0 0 rp m
E fficie n cy
8 5 -9 0 %
1. A self-excited induction machine is proposed to generate power from wind without using mechanical gearing, to reduce mechanical losses.
2. The model varies the mutual inductance of the stator and rotor wind
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET - Wind Energy Conversion System with DGIFIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses a wind energy conversion system (WECS) that uses a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). DFIGs are commonly used in wind turbines because they allow the generator output voltage and frequency to remain constant despite variations in wind speed.
2. A DFIG consists of a wound rotor induction generator with a partial scale back-to-back power converter between the rotor and grid. This configuration allows both sub-synchronous and super-synchronous operation relative to the grid frequency.
3. By controlling the rotor current, a DFIG can generate power from both the rotor and stator sides, providing constant output voltage and frequency over a wide range of wind speeds without requiring large power
Mfc based doubled fed induction generator in wind energy conversion systemnagarajaan
This document discusses a proposed doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) system for wind energy conversion that uses a magnitude and frequency control (MFC) technique. The MFC controller aims to extract maximum power from the wind turbine, maintain constant voltage and frequency, and control reactive power flow without needing an external compensator. Simulation results show that the MFC controlled DFIG is able to attain a maximum rotor speed of 0.85 pu and extract 76% of the theoretical maximum power from the wind turbine. The conclusion is that the control technique for the DFIG has been analyzed and the objectives of maximum power extraction and reactive power control are achieved.
Analysis and Implementation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Conventiona...ijtsrd
As we know, energy generated from the solar and wind systems is not necessarily continuous and consistent. In India, the weather also varies such that in gloomy conditions there will be limited power from the PV battery, while in summer it will be at its highest. So, the weather decreases the systems effectiveness. As a result, an energy efficient approach is required to find an optimum point of action to obtain the full amount of energy under various atmospheric conditions. This paper suggested an updated turbulence and maximal power point monitoring controller for wind and solar hybrid energy systems. The controller uses the modified fixed disruption and observation system to achieve the MPP by changing the service cycle of each input module. Results are presented on a 200W wind system as well as a 400W solar wind energy system with differing irradiation strength and wind speed to illustrate the merits of the experiment. Majhar Ali Ansari | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Analysis and Implementation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Conventional P & O Algorithm for Hybrid System in Different Atmospheric Conditions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46298.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46298/analysis-and-implementation-of-maximum-power-point-tracking-using-conventional-p-and-o-algorithm-for-hybrid-system-in-different-atmospheric-conditions/majhar-ali-ansari
PSO-Backstepping controller of a grid connected DFIG based wind turbine IJECEIAES
This document presents a particle swarm optimization-backstepping (PSO-backstepping) controller for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine system. The controller aims to maximize energy extraction and control the active and reactive power exchanged between the generator and grid despite parameter uncertainties. An artificial bee colony algorithm is used to select the optimal rotor speed to extract maximum power for varying wind speeds. Particle swarm optimization selects the optimal backstepping controller parameters. Simulation results show the optimized performance of the proposed control technique under uncertain system parameters.
1. The document describes a device that generates electricity from gravity by using mechanical components like gears, chains and a mass to rotate a generator motor.
2. As the mass falls due to gravity, it rotates gears and a sprocket connected to the generator motor. This converts the gravitational potential energy into electrical energy.
3. The device was able to generate 0.86 Watts of power and light LEDs for 68 seconds using a 3kg mass lifted to a height of 2 meters. It provides a low-cost renewable way to generate small amounts of electricity using gravity.
Modeling of Wind Energy on Isolated AreaIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, a model of the wind turbine (WT) with permanent magnet generator (PMSG) and its associated controllers is presented. The increase of wind power penetration in power systems has meant that conventional power plants are gradually being replaced by wind farms. In fact, today wind farms are required to actively participate in power system operation in the same way as conventional power plants. In fact, power system operators have revised the grid connection requirements for wind turbines and wind farms and now demand that these installations be able to carry out more or less the same control tasks as conventional power plants. For dynamic power system simulations, the PMSG wind turbine model includes an aerodynamic rotor model, a lumped mass representation of the drive train system and generator model. In this paper we propose a model with an implementation in MATLAB / Simulink, each of the system components off-grid small wind turbines.
Implementation and assemplingof a small wind turbineRayan Hameed
This document summarizes a student project to assemble and implement a small wind turbine. It includes the following:
1) The project aims to assemble unlabeled wind turbine components in the lab to understand how wind energy is converted to electricity.
2) Challenges include a lack of documentation for the components and difficulties integrating the mechanical parts.
3) A preliminary simulation of the wind turbine system was developed in Simulink to model the rotor dynamics, induction generator, and wind energy conversion process.
4) While the project faced challenges integrating the unlabeled components, it provides an educational opportunity to learn about renewable energy systems.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The document describes a method for generating electricity from speed breakers. When vehicles pass over speed breakers, their kinetic energy is converted into mechanical energy through a rack and pinion mechanism. This mechanical energy then turns a generator to produce electricity. Calculations show that a single vehicle passing over a speed breaker can generate over 7 watts of power. Over an hour, multiple vehicles could produce over 400 watts, enough to power streetlights. The system aims to make productive use of wasted kinetic energy and provide a renewable source of electricity without dependence on other factors.
DFIG control of WECS using indirect matrix converter Kuldeep Behera
The connection and operation of wind power plants produce some problems that are rising partly owing to large changeability of environment conditions, influencing the electrical energy supply from these sources. To be possible to study phenomena that are connected with wind power plants and impacts of their operation on the operation of distribution and transmission systems, it is necessary to do such as in other branches, different computer simulations. A grid connected wind power generation scheme using doubly fed induction generator is studied. The aim is modelling and simulation of DFIG operating in two quadrants (torque-speed) by a suitable control technique to control the rotor current. This method will also replace the conventional converter by Indirect Matrix Converter.
Thesis- Cont sys for wind turbines (Sept 2015 revision)Larry Branscomb
This document describes the modeling of a wind turbine power generation system using MATLAB and Simulink. It presents 5 models of increasing complexity:
System 1 models a 600 kW DC generator, gearbox, and inertial components with torque and voltage inputs. State-space equations are derived.
System 2 adds aerodynamic wind torque effects to System 1 for a complete plant model without controls.
Systems 3 and 4 add speed and torque control techniques to maximize power capture in System 2.
System 5 replaces the DC generator with an AC generator, incorporating AC machine equations.
The goal is to demonstrate control methods for maximizing wind power extraction through systematic modeling and evaluation of each system. Validation is emphasized to
Modeling and Simulation of Wind Energy Conversion System Interconnected with ...idescitation
This document summarizes a paper that models and simulates a wind energy conversion system connected to a radial distribution system. It presents the modeling of various components of the wind energy system, including the wind turbine, induction generator, rectifier, DC link controller, inverter, and an incremental conductance maximum power point tracking algorithm. The performance of the wind energy conversion system is analyzed when connected to IEEE 15 bus radial distribution system in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show that integrating distributed generation at optimal locations and sizes can reduce power losses, improve voltage profiles, and increase reliability indices of the distribution system.
The presentation includes the objective, operation, characteristics , simulation, results and waveforms of Doubly Fed Induction Generator connected to variable speed Wind Turbine. which is published and presented in IEEE international conference in Technological advancements of Power and Energy which was held in Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetam, Amritapuri, Kerala.
Optimal tuning of a wind plant energy production based on improved grey wolf ...journalBEEI
The tuning of optimal controller parameters in wind plant is crucial in order to minimize the effect of wake interaction between turbines. The purpose of this paper is to develop an improved grey wolf optimizer (I-GWO) in order to tune the controller parameters of the turbines so that the total energy production of a wind plant is increased. The updating mechanism of original GWO is modified to improve the efficiency of exploration and exploitation phase while avoiding trapping in local minima solution. A row of ten turbines is considered to evaluate the effectiveness of the I-GWO by maximizing the total energy production. The proposed approach is compared with original GWO and previously published modified GWO. Finally, I-GWO produces the highest total energy production as compared to other methods, as shown in statistical performance analysis.
This ppt is on summer internship at NTPC Badarpur also known as BTPS. NTPC is India's largest power provider and a Maharatna Company, while Badarpur Plant is a thermal coal fired power plant. It is one of the Asia's oldest one. This ppt highlight's working and utilization of various facilities at plant and the explanation of modified rankine cycle.
Programmable ac power control system newAman Bharti
This document describes a student project to create a programmable AC power control system. It includes a list of components needed for the circuit as well as the modes of operation for the project, which involve controlling the speed and power output to a bulb. It also describes interfacing the system with sensors to detect over voltage and temperature problems and trigger alerts or automatic responses. The project aims to demonstrate concepts of power control, energy saving, and industrial automation using a microcontroller.
1) The document describes a self-generator flywheel system that aims to generate electricity using a flywheel rotated by a motor.
2) The system works by using a motor to spin a flywheel at high speeds, storing rotational kinetic energy. An alternator is then used to convert the mechanical energy of the spinning flywheel into electrical energy.
3) The goal is to produce enough excess electrical energy from the system to power itself and provide additional power without using any fuel, making it a self-sustaining "free energy" system.
This document describes research on controlling the operation of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind turbines under grid voltage disturbances. In Phase I, a current loop controller was added that reduced harmonic distortion and power fluctuations in the generator output. Phase II compared the performance of a DFIG using a proportional-integral current controller versus a fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative current controller. The fractional-order controller provided better performance with lower total harmonic distortion.
The document discusses the design and operation of the ReGenX Generator. It explains how the generator creates a Load Current Delay through a combination of the coil's capacitive and inductive properties. This Load Current Delay reverses the conventional Generator Armature Reaction, providing a Complementary Electromagnetic Torque that accelerates the prime mover rather than decelerating it. The document also discusses how magnetic fields perform work and how the ReGenX design allows the generator to operate at infinite efficiency by reversing the direction of the counter electromagnetic torque normally produced in electric generators.
Tracking of Maximum Power from Wind Using Fuzzy Logic Controller Based On PMSGIJMER
Wind energy has gained a growing worldwide interest due to the nonstop rise in fuel cost.
The main aim of the wind-energy system is to extract the maximum power present in the wind stream. In
order to extract the highest power, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is used. This
paper proposes the fuzzy logic MPPT controller to track the maximum power from the wind generation
system. The maximum power is achieved based on the rotor speed of the wind system which consists of
wind turbine and PMSG. The error and change in error is given as input to the fuzzy logic and its output
is connected to the boost converter. The voltage from the dc link is controlled by the Voltage Source
Inverter (VSI), and it is placed in grid side converter control. The proposed system is designed and
evaluated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results show the good dynamic performance of the
proposed system
The document summarizes renewable energy targets and installations in India for 2013. It provides data on wind, solar, small hydro, biomass and other off-grid renewable power sources. Key highlights include India installing over 1000 MW of wind power and 500 MW of solar power, but falling short of targets for solar thermal, small hydro and biomass. Cumulative installations for wind and solar have reached over 20,000 MW and 2,000 MW respectively.
Independent Control Of Active And Reactive Powers From DFIG By Logic FuzzyIJRES Journal
This paper presents the study and use by simulating the fuzzy logic control of asynchronous
generator dual fuel in the production of electrical energy that the .for I prepared a study of the wind system and
a model of the wind turbine was established by following the study and modeling of doubly fed asynchronous.
Two types of vector control have been the subject of study in this work for independent control of active and
reactive power: the direct and indirect control .la fuzzy PI control is introduced to increase the robustness of
markers vis-à-screw parametric variation of the machine in the simulation results obtained were compared to the
validated work articles cited in the bibliography.
The Relevance of Doubly – Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) in Modelling and Sim...Najeem Olawale Adelakun
The need for clean and stable electricity has given rise to renewable energy globally. Currently, Wind Energy generation is one the leading renewable energy sources and DFIG-based wind turbine are invariably the best approach to generate a multi-megawatts power at variable speed with less fluctuation in output power, ability to control its generated active and reactive power with minimal cost. This paper presents a model of a grid connected DFIG based Wind Turbine system for variable- speed where the speed range requirements are small, the overall system simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results shows the behaviour of DFIG with this type of control system and the numerous advantages in terms of cost reduction and the potential to build economically at multi-megawatt power system, as a result, DFIG grid connected wind turbine is essential.
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Clean-Tech Solution at a Glace...
Global Clean-Tech Problem
Electric generator Back EMF Induced Counter-Electomotive-Torque causing system deceleration on-load and EV deceleration during regenerative braking.
PDi Solution:
Delay generator load current by 45 degrees and reverse said torque and create Back EMF induced Complementary-Electromotive-Torque allowing system acceleration on-load and EV acceleration during EV Regenerative Acceleration
Dokumen tersebut membahas tiga teknik dasar menendang bola dalam sepakbola, yaitu menggunakan bagian dalam kaki, bagian luar kaki, dan punggung kaki. Setiap teknik memiliki tujuan yang berbeda, seperti mendapatkan bola yang akurat untuk jarak pendek menggunakan bagian dalam kaki, menghasilkan bola yang melengkung ke luar menggunakan bagian luar kaki, dan membuat bola bergerak m
1. The document describes a device that generates electricity from gravity by using mechanical components like gears, chains and a mass to rotate a generator motor.
2. As the mass falls due to gravity, it rotates gears and a sprocket connected to the generator motor. This converts the gravitational potential energy into electrical energy.
3. The device was able to generate 0.86 Watts of power and light LEDs for 68 seconds using a 3kg mass lifted to a height of 2 meters. It provides a low-cost renewable way to generate small amounts of electricity using gravity.
Modeling of Wind Energy on Isolated AreaIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, a model of the wind turbine (WT) with permanent magnet generator (PMSG) and its associated controllers is presented. The increase of wind power penetration in power systems has meant that conventional power plants are gradually being replaced by wind farms. In fact, today wind farms are required to actively participate in power system operation in the same way as conventional power plants. In fact, power system operators have revised the grid connection requirements for wind turbines and wind farms and now demand that these installations be able to carry out more or less the same control tasks as conventional power plants. For dynamic power system simulations, the PMSG wind turbine model includes an aerodynamic rotor model, a lumped mass representation of the drive train system and generator model. In this paper we propose a model with an implementation in MATLAB / Simulink, each of the system components off-grid small wind turbines.
Implementation and assemplingof a small wind turbineRayan Hameed
This document summarizes a student project to assemble and implement a small wind turbine. It includes the following:
1) The project aims to assemble unlabeled wind turbine components in the lab to understand how wind energy is converted to electricity.
2) Challenges include a lack of documentation for the components and difficulties integrating the mechanical parts.
3) A preliminary simulation of the wind turbine system was developed in Simulink to model the rotor dynamics, induction generator, and wind energy conversion process.
4) While the project faced challenges integrating the unlabeled components, it provides an educational opportunity to learn about renewable energy systems.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The document describes a method for generating electricity from speed breakers. When vehicles pass over speed breakers, their kinetic energy is converted into mechanical energy through a rack and pinion mechanism. This mechanical energy then turns a generator to produce electricity. Calculations show that a single vehicle passing over a speed breaker can generate over 7 watts of power. Over an hour, multiple vehicles could produce over 400 watts, enough to power streetlights. The system aims to make productive use of wasted kinetic energy and provide a renewable source of electricity without dependence on other factors.
DFIG control of WECS using indirect matrix converter Kuldeep Behera
The connection and operation of wind power plants produce some problems that are rising partly owing to large changeability of environment conditions, influencing the electrical energy supply from these sources. To be possible to study phenomena that are connected with wind power plants and impacts of their operation on the operation of distribution and transmission systems, it is necessary to do such as in other branches, different computer simulations. A grid connected wind power generation scheme using doubly fed induction generator is studied. The aim is modelling and simulation of DFIG operating in two quadrants (torque-speed) by a suitable control technique to control the rotor current. This method will also replace the conventional converter by Indirect Matrix Converter.
Thesis- Cont sys for wind turbines (Sept 2015 revision)Larry Branscomb
This document describes the modeling of a wind turbine power generation system using MATLAB and Simulink. It presents 5 models of increasing complexity:
System 1 models a 600 kW DC generator, gearbox, and inertial components with torque and voltage inputs. State-space equations are derived.
System 2 adds aerodynamic wind torque effects to System 1 for a complete plant model without controls.
Systems 3 and 4 add speed and torque control techniques to maximize power capture in System 2.
System 5 replaces the DC generator with an AC generator, incorporating AC machine equations.
The goal is to demonstrate control methods for maximizing wind power extraction through systematic modeling and evaluation of each system. Validation is emphasized to
Modeling and Simulation of Wind Energy Conversion System Interconnected with ...idescitation
This document summarizes a paper that models and simulates a wind energy conversion system connected to a radial distribution system. It presents the modeling of various components of the wind energy system, including the wind turbine, induction generator, rectifier, DC link controller, inverter, and an incremental conductance maximum power point tracking algorithm. The performance of the wind energy conversion system is analyzed when connected to IEEE 15 bus radial distribution system in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show that integrating distributed generation at optimal locations and sizes can reduce power losses, improve voltage profiles, and increase reliability indices of the distribution system.
The presentation includes the objective, operation, characteristics , simulation, results and waveforms of Doubly Fed Induction Generator connected to variable speed Wind Turbine. which is published and presented in IEEE international conference in Technological advancements of Power and Energy which was held in Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetam, Amritapuri, Kerala.
Optimal tuning of a wind plant energy production based on improved grey wolf ...journalBEEI
The tuning of optimal controller parameters in wind plant is crucial in order to minimize the effect of wake interaction between turbines. The purpose of this paper is to develop an improved grey wolf optimizer (I-GWO) in order to tune the controller parameters of the turbines so that the total energy production of a wind plant is increased. The updating mechanism of original GWO is modified to improve the efficiency of exploration and exploitation phase while avoiding trapping in local minima solution. A row of ten turbines is considered to evaluate the effectiveness of the I-GWO by maximizing the total energy production. The proposed approach is compared with original GWO and previously published modified GWO. Finally, I-GWO produces the highest total energy production as compared to other methods, as shown in statistical performance analysis.
This ppt is on summer internship at NTPC Badarpur also known as BTPS. NTPC is India's largest power provider and a Maharatna Company, while Badarpur Plant is a thermal coal fired power plant. It is one of the Asia's oldest one. This ppt highlight's working and utilization of various facilities at plant and the explanation of modified rankine cycle.
Programmable ac power control system newAman Bharti
This document describes a student project to create a programmable AC power control system. It includes a list of components needed for the circuit as well as the modes of operation for the project, which involve controlling the speed and power output to a bulb. It also describes interfacing the system with sensors to detect over voltage and temperature problems and trigger alerts or automatic responses. The project aims to demonstrate concepts of power control, energy saving, and industrial automation using a microcontroller.
1) The document describes a self-generator flywheel system that aims to generate electricity using a flywheel rotated by a motor.
2) The system works by using a motor to spin a flywheel at high speeds, storing rotational kinetic energy. An alternator is then used to convert the mechanical energy of the spinning flywheel into electrical energy.
3) The goal is to produce enough excess electrical energy from the system to power itself and provide additional power without using any fuel, making it a self-sustaining "free energy" system.
This document describes research on controlling the operation of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind turbines under grid voltage disturbances. In Phase I, a current loop controller was added that reduced harmonic distortion and power fluctuations in the generator output. Phase II compared the performance of a DFIG using a proportional-integral current controller versus a fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative current controller. The fractional-order controller provided better performance with lower total harmonic distortion.
The document discusses the design and operation of the ReGenX Generator. It explains how the generator creates a Load Current Delay through a combination of the coil's capacitive and inductive properties. This Load Current Delay reverses the conventional Generator Armature Reaction, providing a Complementary Electromagnetic Torque that accelerates the prime mover rather than decelerating it. The document also discusses how magnetic fields perform work and how the ReGenX design allows the generator to operate at infinite efficiency by reversing the direction of the counter electromagnetic torque normally produced in electric generators.
Tracking of Maximum Power from Wind Using Fuzzy Logic Controller Based On PMSGIJMER
Wind energy has gained a growing worldwide interest due to the nonstop rise in fuel cost.
The main aim of the wind-energy system is to extract the maximum power present in the wind stream. In
order to extract the highest power, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is used. This
paper proposes the fuzzy logic MPPT controller to track the maximum power from the wind generation
system. The maximum power is achieved based on the rotor speed of the wind system which consists of
wind turbine and PMSG. The error and change in error is given as input to the fuzzy logic and its output
is connected to the boost converter. The voltage from the dc link is controlled by the Voltage Source
Inverter (VSI), and it is placed in grid side converter control. The proposed system is designed and
evaluated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results show the good dynamic performance of the
proposed system
The document summarizes renewable energy targets and installations in India for 2013. It provides data on wind, solar, small hydro, biomass and other off-grid renewable power sources. Key highlights include India installing over 1000 MW of wind power and 500 MW of solar power, but falling short of targets for solar thermal, small hydro and biomass. Cumulative installations for wind and solar have reached over 20,000 MW and 2,000 MW respectively.
Independent Control Of Active And Reactive Powers From DFIG By Logic FuzzyIJRES Journal
This paper presents the study and use by simulating the fuzzy logic control of asynchronous
generator dual fuel in the production of electrical energy that the .for I prepared a study of the wind system and
a model of the wind turbine was established by following the study and modeling of doubly fed asynchronous.
Two types of vector control have been the subject of study in this work for independent control of active and
reactive power: the direct and indirect control .la fuzzy PI control is introduced to increase the robustness of
markers vis-à-screw parametric variation of the machine in the simulation results obtained were compared to the
validated work articles cited in the bibliography.
The Relevance of Doubly – Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) in Modelling and Sim...Najeem Olawale Adelakun
The need for clean and stable electricity has given rise to renewable energy globally. Currently, Wind Energy generation is one the leading renewable energy sources and DFIG-based wind turbine are invariably the best approach to generate a multi-megawatts power at variable speed with less fluctuation in output power, ability to control its generated active and reactive power with minimal cost. This paper presents a model of a grid connected DFIG based Wind Turbine system for variable- speed where the speed range requirements are small, the overall system simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results shows the behaviour of DFIG with this type of control system and the numerous advantages in terms of cost reduction and the potential to build economically at multi-megawatt power system, as a result, DFIG grid connected wind turbine is essential.
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Clean-Tech Solution at a Glace...
Global Clean-Tech Problem
Electric generator Back EMF Induced Counter-Electomotive-Torque causing system deceleration on-load and EV deceleration during regenerative braking.
PDi Solution:
Delay generator load current by 45 degrees and reverse said torque and create Back EMF induced Complementary-Electromotive-Torque allowing system acceleration on-load and EV acceleration during EV Regenerative Acceleration
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The 2030 Seoul Plan (Draft) outlines a citizen participation model for Seoul's master plan with the goal of delivering hope for citizens' lives and place. The plan covers diverse fields like life, space, property, education, culture, and history that have extensive influence on citizens' lives. It establishes strategic goals and a spatial plan centered around key issues directly connected to citizens' lives. The plan aims to make Seoul a city where all people can live together without discrimination through five goals and twelve initiatives while considering quality of life issues like welfare, education, jobs, and more.
This document lists and briefly describes 15 car concepts that were shown in 2015, including upgraded versions of the Toyota Tacoma and Tundra with TRD packages, an Audi R8 Competition model, a Jeep Renegade with Frostbite edition, Dodge Challenger and Viper concept vehicles, a Honda Fit Tjin edition, Venturi America, BMW i8 in grey, Chevrolet Colorado Nautique, Aston Martin DB9 Volante customized by Q, Mercedes GLA 45 AMG, a Scion FR-S from Super Street magazine, and a Porsche Cayenne GTS.
If you are looking for something to start your 2016 with a bang, this cat calendar will make you smile all year round!
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A review of utopian themes in planning that stood in stark contrast to the harsh economic hardships wrought by the Great Depression. In 1936 and 1937, San Francisco completed two large infrastructure projects: the Golden Gate and Bay Bridges. The public works projects were important economic drivers to a city hard hit by the Great Depression. The bridges' completion were feted with the Pageant of the Pacific -- an optimistic exposition held on man-made Treasure Island symbolizing the City's perseverance over hardship and as conscious occupant of a community of cities along the Asian-Pacific rim. War and military use stood in contrast to the expo's utopian origins until planning for San Francisco's most sustainable neighborhood was publicly introduced in the first part of the 2000s.
Overview of the California Environmental Quality Act: statute adoption, legal basis, implementation, technical considerations and methodologies, impact assessment, mitigation and litigation.
A presentation that examines a policy proposal to extend last call alcohol service hours in San Francisco from 02:00 to 04:00 and its failure to attract support and adoption in the state legislature (that regulates alcoholic beverages for the entire state). The discussion looks deeper into the roots of contemporary alcoholic beverage regulation from the perspective of the elites and illustrates how America's corporate business interests supplied the financial support to the Prohibitionists in the early 1900s and how this same group of interests backed repeal because of a fear of lawlessness. Luther Gulick, father of Public Administration's classical theory is credited with writing model laws and ordinances that became the basis of state alcoholic beverage regulation.
The document summarizes the mechanism of nausea and vomiting. It discusses that nausea and vomiting are protective reflexes against toxins. The vomiting center in the medulla integrates afferent signals and coordinates the vomiting reflex. The vomiting center can be stimulated through irritation in the gastrointestinal tract, signals from the chemoreceptor trigger zone, stimulation of the vestibular system, or from higher brain centers. When stimulated, the vomiting center initiates the motor pathways that lead to nausea, salivation, and the expulsion of gastric contents through vomiting.
3- Solutions & It's Colligative Properties(Physical Pharmacy)Rawa M. Ahmed
This document discusses various topics in physical pharmacy and solutions, including:
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- Expressions used to quantify concentration in solutions such as molarity, molality, and mole fraction.
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1- States of matter & phase equilibria - part 1 (Physical Pharmacy)Rawa M. Ahmed
This document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on physical pharmacy and states of matter. It discusses the different types of intermolecular and intramolecular bonding forces that cause molecules to aggregate into gases, liquids, and solids. It then examines the primary states of matter - gases, liquids, and crystalline solids - and explores concepts such as melting point, heat of fusion, polymorphism, and amorphous solids for solids, and boiling point, heat of vaporization, and the ideal gas law for gases. Other topics summarized include liquefaction of gases, aerosols, liquid crystals, and supercritical fluids.
This document provides an overview of thermodynamics concepts including:
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- The three laws of thermodynamics - the zero law states thermal equilibrium is transitive, the first law concerns conservation of energy, and the second law involves entropy and the spontaneity of processes.
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This document discusses hyaluronic acid (HA), including its structure, functions, benefits, sources, and applications. HA is a carbohydrate found in connective tissues that retains water, keeping skin hydrated. It is used in anti-aging treatments by filling in wrinkles and restoring volume. HA is also injected into joints to lubricate and cushion, treating osteoarthritis. Additional uses include eye surgery, lip augmentation, and promoting hair growth. Potential side effects include pain, redness, or allergic reactions at the injection site.
2- States of matter & phase equilibria - part 2 (Physical Pharmacy)Rawa M. Ahmed
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Performance analysis of wind turbine as a distributed generation unit in dist...ijcsit
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Control Scheme for an IPM Synchronous Generator Based-Variable Speed Wind Tur...IJMTST Journal
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Wind Turbine Generator Tied To Grid Using Inverter Techniques and Its DesignsIJSRD
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Study of DFIG Connected to Grid using Wind Energy SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on connecting a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by a wind turbine to the electric grid. It begins by introducing DFIGs, which are commonly used in large wind farms because they can supply power at constant voltage and frequency despite fluctuations in wind speed. A DFIG has grid-connected stator windings and rotor windings connected to the grid via a back-to-back converter. This converter, consisting of a rotor side converter and grid side converter linked by a DC bus, controls the rotor currents to maintain constant grid frequency regardless of rotor speed variations from changing wind. The document then discusses issues with integrating wind power, such as voltage variations and stability, before describing the basic components
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The Renewable energy sources, especially wind turbine generators, are considered as
important generation alternatives in electric power systems due to their non-exhausted nature and
benign environmental effects [1]. The fact that wind power penetration continues to increase has
motivated a need to develop more widely applicable methodologies for evaluating the actual benefits
of adding wind turbines to conventional generating systems. In this paper reliability evaluation of
wind power generation system is carried. Reliability evaluation of generating systems with wind
energy sources is a complex process. It requires an accurate wind speed forecasting technique for the
wind farm site. The method requires historical wind speed data collected over many years for the
wind farm location to determine the necessary parameters of the wind speed models for the
particular site [3]. The evaluation process should also accurately model the intermittent nature of
power output from the wind farm. For the data analysis excel data analysis tool is used and
probability distribution of wind speeds are calculated [10]. This study shows the system availability
for the generation of power from wind turbine generators installed at the Hanamasagar, a village
near Gajendragada of Karnataka State.
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The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IRJET- Decoupled Control Technique of DFIG with Dual PWM Converters for Wind ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a decoupled control technique for regulating a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) used in variable speed wind turbine systems. The DFIG has its stator windings directly connected to the grid, while its rotor windings are connected to the grid via back-to-back PWM converters. The proposed system uses vector control and MPPT to independently control active and reactive power output. It develops decoupled control of the DFIG rotor currents and uses PI controllers to regulate the converters. The complete system is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the control approach.
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This document summarizes a proposed domestic solar-aero-hydro power generation system. The system uses a single turbine that can operate using both wind and water power to generate electricity. When the water tank is full, the turbine continues operating as a wind turbine. It also includes solar panels to generate additional solar power. The system aims to efficiently supply power to domestic needs using multiple renewable energy sources in an integrated manner to maximize energy production and reduce maintenance needs.
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These slides presents an overview of different wind generator systems and their comparisons. Later of the slides the modelling and control strategies of wind generators will be discussed.
2. K. Tiwari, T. Harinarayana
250
ronmentally harmful ways of generating electricity. Of the installed capacity, wind turbines have a large share
among the other grid connected renewable sources, close to 66.66%1
. Obviously wind turbines need to be built
where the wind blows reliably and strongly. The society is certainly not willing to give up private cars, air con-
ditioning, computers, television, refrigeration, and all the other energy consuming equipment of the modern
life-style. Accordingly, we must build sustainable energy supply systems. Earlier works promoted wind energy
in many ways [1] [2]. In our study we have worked on grid tied rooftop micro wind turbine. The major problem
with such a system is synchronization largely due to wind variability. Due to this problem, the stability of avail-
able grid gets reduced. This can somehow be achieved by the output power control of the turbine. India is the
fifth largest wind power producer in the world. As of March 2014, the installed capacity of wind power in India
is 21136.3 MW [3] [4], mainly spread across Tamil Nadu (7154 MW), Gujarat (3093 MW), Maharashtra (2976
MW), Karnataka (2113 MW) and Rajasthan (2355 MW). Wind power accounts for 8.5% of India’s total in-
stalled renewable power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the country’s power. Still it is not very much popular
at domestic level due to the high initial investment and other problems as discussed above. Our goal is to
achieve stable power supply to the grid from wind source. To this issue, we suggest a new method of small ex-
ternal motor that will provide momentary impulse or external torque to the rotor through relay switch or voltage
controller that helps to maintain the momentum of blades for sufficient time and provide stable power supply. In
this method, the light weight external motor has been attached at the hub of the wind turbine and it works on the
method of spring balance system. The motor aligns itself with the axis of rotation of blades when a mass of
around 10 pounds is put to the groove attached to motor. This is done so as to not disturb the aerodynamics of
the blades and the yaw system. The motor provides external torque to the rotor only during moderately low wind
speeds, i.e., around 2.5 - 4 m/s. At other times, when the wind speed is self sufficient to produce stable power
supply, the motor remains off-axis from the rotor and doesn’t interfere in its motion. This mechanism is cur-
rently mechanical but could be automated for better performance. The concept presented in this paper is imple-
mented and tested.
2. Materials and Methods
In our method, we attached an external motor to the turbine rotor that provides sufficient external torque to the
rotor to rotate at its rated rpm value when the wind speed is less than the rated speed so that the wind generator
can generate a stabilized power supply.
2.1. Theory
It is well known that the amount of power extracted from the wind is given by the equation:
3
Wind
1
2
pP AV Cρ= [5]-[7] (1)
2 3
Generated
1
2 2
p t g
p
P R V C C Cρπ
=
[5]-[7] (2)
( )Tip Speed Ratio
R
V
ω
λ = [5]-[7] (3)
where, PWind = Power Delivered by Wind to the rotor below the rated value, PGenerated = Output Power of the ge-
nerator, Cp = Power Coefficient, Ct = Transmission Coefficient, Cg = Generator Efficiency, p = Number of poles
in Generator.
Motor supply sufficient torque to the rotor so that generator operates at rated power. The following is the ma-
thematical condition:
Wind Motor Ratedτ τ τ+ = (4)
Wind Motor Rated
Rotor Motor Rated
P P P
ω ω ω
+ =
1
http://www.re-solve.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Installed-capacity-31March-2014.png
3. K. Tiwari, T. Harinarayana
251
2 3 2 3
Wind Rated
Motor
Rotor Motor Rated
1 1
2 2
P PR V C R V C
P
ρπ ρπ
ω ω ω
+ =
Using Equation (3)
( )3 2 2
Rated Wind Motor
Motor
1
2
PR C V V
P
ρπ ω
λ
−
=
For the above suggested mechanism to be useful, the generated power should be greater than the power sup-
plied by the motor:
Generated MotorP P≥
( )3 2 2Motor
Rated Rated Wind
2
t g
Rp
V C C V V
ω
λ
≥ −
(5)
In our study, SNT-12
700 W micro grid tied turbine is used. Its parameters are, VRated = 11 m/s (according to
industry standards), Ct = 1 (since no gearbox system is used), Cg = 0.25 (assumed to be constant for easier calcula-
tions), CP = 0.33 (assumed to be constant), p = 8, R = 920 mm, VCut-in = 2m/s, (ωMotor)Max = 70 rpm, (PMotor)Max =
18 Watts.
SNT-12
turbine is although designed for maximum rotational speed of 300 rpm at a wind speed of 6 m/s. So,
TSR = 4.81 (assumed as constant for easier calculations) [8]-[10]. Above the wind speed of 6 m/s, it dampens
extra energy to the dummy load.
Accordingly, the calculations have been carried out considering the wind speed of 6 m/s as rated. Another
reason for this is that the generator is not designed for higher wind speeds.
2.2. Theoretical Results
Following are the results observed by calculating using theoretical considerations:
1) Following are the results to power available to the rotor shaft at different wind speeds (Figure 1);
2) Following is the plot of external torque to be provided by motor to achieve the rated rpm (Figure 2).
Maximum torque that can be provided by our installed DC Motor is 2.45 N-m. In the Figure 2 green region
corresponds to desirable region of operation and red region corresponds to undesirable operational region.
2.3. Experimental Results
1) An experiment with power output is conducted on 700 W SNT-1 micro wind turbine at the premises of
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Wind Speed (m/sec)
Power(Watts)
Figure 1. Available rotor power at various wind speeds.
2
SNT-1 Wind Turbine: Supernova Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Turbine Model No.1 (Figure 10).
4. K. Tiwari, T. Harinarayana
252
SNT Unit, Udyognagar, Anand, Gujarat and a comparative study of theoretical [11]-[13] and practical results
are shown in Figure 3.
2) However in a controlled environment on a test bench of SNT, a 3HP motor is used to rotate the shaft of 400
W generator. The results obtained are contradictory to our theoretical results. We obtained power consumed is
greater than power generated for every value of generator rpm. However, this is not our intention to do, because,
the entire energy to rotate the generator shaft is provided by motor in this case. In our method, partial energy
would be provided by the wind. Experimental results using external motor without wind are as shown below
(Figure 4 & Figure 5).
3) When the above curve of power generated was studied at various equivalent wind speeds (assuming TSR
as constant according to the rated value) following results were obtained (Figure 6).
4) Experiment is conducted on Rooftop Wind SNT-1 Wind Turbinein normal mode with low wind speed.
Grid Tied Rooftop Windmill installed on the rooftop of GERMI is SNT-1 Wind Turbine with generator Rated
Power of 700 W and external Motor Rated Power of 18 W. Results obtained are as follows (Figure 7).
5) In another experiment on SNT-1 Rooftop wind turbine at GERMI, it is observed that power consumed by
motor is much higher compared to power generated by the turbine. This is due to the fact that the rotor is purely
running on motor and there is no effect of wind on rotor when the motor is in switched on mode. This is due to
the current mechanism of spring balance which is being used to align motor with generator axis which prohibits
any affect of wind on rotor. Experimental results when the external motor is used are as follows (Figure 8).
0
0123456
Wind Speed (m/s)
Torque(N·m)
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Figure 2. Torque to be provided by external motor at various wind speeds.
0
3
Wind Speed (m/s)
Power(Watts)
Average Output
Power (Experimental)
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Average Output
Power (Theoretical)
Figure 3. Comparative study of average output power (theoretical & experimental).
5. K. Tiwari, T. Harinarayana
253
0
180
Rotor RPM
Power(inWatts)
225 275 325 375 425 475 525 575 625 675
250
750
1250
1750
2250
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
Figure 4. Power consumed by motor at various rotor RPM.
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
180
Rotor RPM
Power(inWatts)
225 275 325 375 425 475 525 575 625 675
Figure 5. Power generated by generator at various rotor RPM.
2.4. Theoretical Power Gain
The results in Figure 9 are obtained on comparing the results of power generated and power consumed for live
wind speed data.
The wind data is recorded for every 2 minutes and the difference between the the two curves actually demon-
strate the net power produced by the wind turbine system. The above results clearly show that we gain power in
our discussed method and hence our method proves to be fruitful theoretically whereas the experimental feasi-
bility has been partially established but it is yet to be worked upon more extensively.
3. Conclusions
We have addressed a few issues related to wind turbines and suggested solutions for the same. Hopefully our
suggested method will yield into a product that would help changing the wind power scenario at domestic level.
SNT-1 wind turbine installed on rooftop of our energy building—GERMI at PDPU campus (Figures 10-12)—is
6. K. Tiwari, T. Harinarayana
254
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
3.6
Equivalent Wind Speed (in m/s)
Power(Watts)
4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 12.5 13.5
Figure 6. Power generated by generator at various equivalent wind speeds.
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1.1
Wind Speed (m/s)
Power(Watts)
140
160
180
1.2 1.7 1.9 2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.3 5.5
Figure 7. Power generated at various wind speeds (site results).
0
3
Wind Speed (m/s)
Power(Watts)
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
3.3 3.7 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.3 6.9
Power Generated
Power Consumed
Figure 8. Power generated and consumed at various wind speeds.
7. K. Tiwari, T. Harinarayana
255
0
1.9
Wind Speed (m/s)
Power(inWatts)
Power Generated
Power Consumed by Motor
50
100
150
200
250
1.2 2.7 2 1.7 1.9 2.3 1.1 2.4 3.3 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.9 2 2 1.9 5.5 2.3 2.7 1.9 3.2 3.7 4.6
Figure 9. Power generated and consumed at live wind speeds.
Figure 10. 0.7 kW SNT-1 rooftop wind turbine installed at GERMI rooftop.
specially designed for low wind speed regime and for the first time attempted and installed a grid tied rooftop
micro wind turbine. Further improvement is needed to reach to a level to work on concrete proof. We need to
test our suggested method’s usefulness to the society as well as to the industry. In this respect, more exhaustive
experiments could be devised with data logging facilities. The wind braking and motor system will be upgraded
and automated in near future for better results. A control system could also be attached which disconnects the
generator to grid when the grid supply is off. During the monsoon season, when the wind velocity is fair enough,
our method can be a real asset at least for rooftop wind turbines [14]. The only limitation being it will be com-
mercially beneficial only when the wind speed ranges from 3 to 6 m/s.
8. K. Tiwari, T. Harinarayana
256
Figure 11. Grid tied inverter for SNT-1 wind turbine.
Figure 12. Variac for external 12V DC Motor.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank all the GERMI staff for their full cooperation to execute this task. Full support provided
by Dr. Sagar Agarvat, Scientist C, Solar Research Wing, GERMI is greatly acknowledged. His coordination and
help is very much appreciated without which we could have not completed this work. Thanks are due to Mr.
Manyam Telukuntla from UPES Dehradun, a summer intern student at GERMI for assisting in the experimental
work. Mr. Ankur Bhatnagar, Mr. Dharmik Lay, Mr. Prashant Gopiyani, Mr. Nilesh Patel and Mrs. Sandhya
Radhakrishnan have helped in many ways for successful completion of this project.
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