The document reports on strategies for enhancing women's and marginalized groups' participation in livestock and fish value chains, developed during a workshop in Addis Ababa in 2013. It discusses the creation of monitoring and evaluation tools, the application of the value chain analysis toolkit across various regions, and key lessons learned concerning gender inclusivity in the value chains. The document also outlines challenges in relation to gender indicators and improving communication among the livestock and fish programs.

1. Update on Livestock and Fish research program
output 2: Gender and value chains
Hikuepi Katjiuongua, Froukje Kruijssen and Emily Ouma
Livestock and Fish Gender Working Group
Workshop and Planning Meeting
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-18 October 2013

2. Output 2: “Strategies and approaches through
which women and marginalized groups
improve the nature and level of participation
in livestock and fish value chains”
• Develop M and E indicators and build capacity with partners
to track interventions that overcome gender based
constraints (reported on Day 2)
• Contribute to M&E L&F framework to include engendered
indicators (reported on Day 2)
• Develop rapid and in-depth tools for engendered analysis and
identification of interventions, including social analysis tools

3. VC Toolkit Development: Progress (2012-2013)
• Tools development largely completed
• Nov 2012: initial VCA tool development (small group)
• Feb 2013: writeshop for further tools development
(larger group)
– Based on feedback
– Refined tools based on set of key research questions
and indicators
• Further refinement in 2014 based on feedback

4. Tool applications
• VCA:
–
–
–
–
–
Uganda Pig
Tanzania Dairy
Ethiopia Small Ruminants
India Dairy
Nicaragua dual purpose (about to start)
• VC benchmarking:
– Tanzania (pre-writeshop)
– field tested and applied in Botswana (Smallholder
Competitiveness project)
– Preparing in Ethiopia

5. VC Toolkit Development: Next steps
• Reviewing usage & usefulness of the tools (2014)
• Development of database and guidelines for training,
implementation analysis and review
• Tracking of tool usage and revision based on lessons learned
(2014)
• Simplify wiki, make it easier for users
• Internal review process of tools, reports , best-bets
– Decide on process for feedback on content, consistency
and quality
• Address question on tool ‘harmonization’:
– Tools are being adapted, but what common themes &
questions are being kept?
• Discuss & agree on prioritization process for identifying
best-bets interventions & ex ante analysis

6. Some challenges
• How do the tools relate to the IDO and M&E indicators?
– Do the tools capture the needed/proposed gender M&E
indicators? If not, how do we address this?
– What impact assessment methods/approaches will be
used to assess the impact of the L&F program (overall
and for each VC and theme)?
– Is the current level of communication among the L&F
value chains sufficient to foster learning as they move
along with their respective work plans? If not, how do
we best achieve this?

7. Application of the VCA tools: experiences
from the Uganda pig value chain
Application of the toolkit at district
and village levels
• Launching workshops with district
authorities and technical staff.
• Review of VCA tool-kit with
district technical staff, and
coordination of field work.
• Farmers participating in VCA
sessions selected at random from
lists provided by local partners.

8. The application of the producer VCA toolkit at district / village level (2)
 Plenary session to introduce all
participants to the VCA tool-kit.
 Farmer’ focus group discussions in
35 villages (40 farmers per village
and 7-10 key informants).
 Farmers distributed at random in 4
groups, with two facilitators per
group, to work on specific tools.
 Mixed or gender disaggregated
groups according to the nature of
the tools applied.

9. The application of the producer VCA tool-kit
at district / village level (3)
 Separate focus group discussion
with key-informants (information
at village level).
 Plenary session to review/discuss
constraints and opportunities
identified in small groups working
with specific technology
components.

10. The application of the VCA tool-kit at district
/ village level (4)
Key informants
Mixed group
Only women
Plenary session

11. Some results
Pig income control and decision making - VCA
Men groups
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Masaka
Mukono
Male only
Joint
Female only
Kamuli

12. Pig income control and decision
making-VCA
Women groups
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Masaka
Mukono
Male only
Joint
Female only
Kamuli

13. Activity clock – Men
1.00p.m.
11.00a.m.
Mix feeds for pigs and
thereafter go for agro-trading or
other income generating
activities such as “boda-boda”
2.00p.m.
7.00a.m.
6.00p.m.
6.00a.m.
Sleep
8.00p.m.
10.00p.m.

14. Activity clock - Women
12.00p.m.
2.00p.m.
7.00a.m.
Farming, collect animal
feed, firewood and family
food (vegetables) and
banana leaves; other
merchandising activities
4.00p.m.
6.00a.m.
6.00p.m.
Sleep
8.00p.m.
10.00p.m.
Implication of women’s time constraints: Extension and interventions.
How much time do they have available?, How time-consuming and labor-intensive are the interventions, How
far can they travel for trainings?

15. % of households
Sources of water
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Masaka
Borehole
Mukono
well
Tap/piped water
Kamuli
Other
 On average, time taken to water source: 15 – 25 minutes.
 Fetching water:-responsibility of children (64%) and women
(19%).
16

16. Access to extension services
District
Sub-county
Masaka
Kamuli
Mukono
Kkingo
Kyanamukaka
Katwe-Butego
KimanyaKyabakuza
NyendoSsenyange
Kabonera
Kitayunjwa
Namwendwa
Bugulumbya
Mukono TC
Goma
Kyampisi
Ntenjeru
Source of extension service (% of respondents)
NAADS*
NGOs
Other farmers
Men Women
Men Women Men Women
AHSP**
Men Women
13
50
33
25
21
11
43
15
0
0
33
0
0
0
57
0
0
38
67
25
0
21
43
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
25
0
0
0
0
40
21
20
0
0
14
7
33
12
10
5
0
0
4
28
25
5
10
15
0
0
19
0
0
12
0
13
0
0
12
11
0
38
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
18
6
0
0
0
0
0
13
10
0
0
0
20
0
0
50
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
38
5
0
17

17. Application of VCA toolkit – other
value chain actors







Feed stockists (n = 36)
Live pig traders (n = 86)
Village veterinarians (n = 53)
Agro-vet stockists (n = 36)
Village boar owners (n = 90)
Pork retailers (n = 20)
Benchmarking household survey – (n = 348
households)
18

18. % of respondents
Pig value chain actors
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Feed stockists
Veterinary
services/agrovets
Village boar
breeding
Pig traders
Slaughterers
Pork retailers
Functions
Men
Women
19

19. Decision-maker on pig sales in the last 12
months – household level benchmarking
survey
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Masaka
Men
Joint household
Mukono
Women
Kamuli
Non-household member
20

20. Application of the VCA tools: Key lessons
• Quite detailed, thereby lots of engendered information
can be obtained.
• Lengthy: producer VCA tool-need about 6 hours to
implement with mixed parallel and plenary sessions
(and 2-3 breaks).
• Good training and facilitation skills key.
• Moving forward: - Analysis of qualitative data from the
VCA.
• Translating the gendered information and ensuring
inclusiveness in the design of technology and
institutional interventions.

21. CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
livestockfish.cgiar.org
CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR
Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems
in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.