set operators.pptx
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Set operations allow combining results from multiple SELECT statements. There are four main types: Union combines results and eliminates duplicates. Intersect returns only common records. Union All and Intersect All also show duplicate rows. Syntax involves a SELECT query followed by a set operator and another SELECT query.
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basic structure of SQL FINAL.pptx
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CSS
This document introduces CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), which is used to describe the presentation and formatting of web pages. It discusses the basic tasks of CSS, elements like absolutely positioned elements that control layout, and advantages like easier maintenance and optimization. It also covers CSS rules, properties, shorthand properties, and the different types of CSS like internal, external, and inline CSS.
Greedy method
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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set operators.pptx
- 1. SET OPERATIONS: Set operations are used to join the results of two (or more) SELECT statements. FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES OF SET OPERATIONS: • Union • Union all • Intersect • Intersect all
- 2. PREPARED BY MS. S. NANDHINI -III-B.SC - INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Mrs.P.Anusha M.Sc(IT).,M.Phil.,D.P.T.T.,(Ph.D)., Assistant professor, Department of Information Technology, Bon secours college for women, Thanjavur.
- 3. • SQL supports few set operations which can be performed on the tablle data. • These are used to get meaningful results from data stored in the table, under Different special conditions.
- 4. SYNTAX FOR SET OPERATIONS: <query1><set operator><query 2> UNION: UNION is used to combine the results of two or more SELECT statements. However it will eliminate duplicate rows from its result set. In case of union, number of columns and data type must be same in both the tables, on which UNION operation is being applied.
- 5. SYNTAX FOR UNION: • Select column name1, column name 2 from table name1 union select column name1, column name 2 from table name 2. EXAMPLE: Table 1 Table 2 Table1 U table2 UNION ALL: This operation is similar to union. but it also shows the duplicate rows. NAME AGE Anu 19 seeth a 20 NAME AGE Seetha 20 Geetha 21 NAME AGE Anu 19 Seetha 20 Geetha 21
- 6. SYNTAX FOR UNION ALL: • Select column name1,column name2 from tablename1 union all select column name1, column name2 from tablename2. INTERSECT: Intersect operation is used to combine two SELECT statements, but it only returns the records which are common from both SELECT statements. In case of intersect the number of Columns and datatype must be same. NAME AGE Anu 19 Seetha 20 Seetha 20 Geetha 21
- 7. SYNTAX FOR INTERSECT: • Select column name1, column name2 from tablename1 intersect select column name 1,column name 2 from tablename2. EXAMPLE: INTERSECT ALL: It is same as INTERSECT, returns all distinct rows selected by both queries. NAME AGE Seetha 19
- 8. SYNTAX FOR INTERSECT ALL: • Select column name1, column name2 from tablename1 intersect all select column name1, column name2 from tablename 2. NAME AGE Seetha 19 Seetha 19
- 9. MINUS: The minus operation combines results of two SELECT statements and return only those in the final result, which belongs to the final set of the result.