The DBMS provides a set of operations or a language called the data manipulation language (DML) for modification of the data. Data manipulation can be performed either by typing SQL statements or by using a graphical interface, typically called Query-By-Example (QBE).

1. Data Manipulation Language
Jas Singh Bhasin

2.  The DBMS provides a set of operations or a
language called the data manipulation
language (DML) for modification of the
data.
 Data manipulation can be performed
either by typing SQL statements or by using
a graphical interface, typically called
Query-By-Example (QBE).
What is Data Manipulation Language?
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3. High-level or Non-Procedural DML
1. It is called as set-at-a-time or set-
oriented DML.
2. It can be used on its own to specify
complex database operations
concisely.
3. It is declarative in nature.
4. DML requires a user to specify what
data are needed without
specifying how to get those data.
5. For e.g. : Each SQL statement is a
declarative command.
Low-level or Procedural DML
1. It is called as record-at-a-time DML.
2. Must be embedded in a general-
purpose programming language .
3. It is imperative in nature.
4. DML requires a user to specify what
data are needed and how to get
those data.
5. For e.g. : Oracle’s PL/SQL and DB2′s
SQL PL.
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Types of DML

4.  Select (For Retrieval)
 Insert Into (For Insertion)
 Delete (For Deletion)
 Update (For Modification)
The main SQL DML statements are:
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5. SELECT

6. The WHERE-clause specifies the conditions for selection and
join of tuples from the relations specified in the FROM-clause
Select
A query in SQL can consist of up to six clauses, but only the first two, SELECT
and FROM, are mandatory. The clauses are specified in the following order:
The SELECT-clause lists the attributes or functions to be
retrieved
The FROM-clause specifies all relations (or aliases) needed in
the query
GROUP BY specifies grouping attributes
HAVING specifies a condition for selection of groups
ORDER BY specifies an order for displaying the result of a query
SELECT
ORDER BY
FROM
WHERE
GROUP
BY
HAVING
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7. 7
An Example
Student
Enroll_No Name Course Semester Section
A1000712011 YASHIKA TYAGI MCA 3 A
A1000712014 PANKAJ NARAYAN MCA 3 A
A1000712023 AYUSHI GARG MCA 3 A
A1000712024 APOORVA GUPTA MCA 3 A
A1000712033 JAS BHASIN MCA 3 A

8. 8
Select
SELECT * FROM Student
Enroll_No Name Course Semester Section
A1000712011 YASHIKA TYAGI MCA 3 A
A1000712014 PANKAJ NARAYAN MCA 3 A
A1000712023 AYUSHI GARG MCA 3 A
A1000712024 APOORVA GUPTA MCA 3 A
A1000712033 JAS BHASIN MCA 3 A

9. SELECT Enroll_No, Name
FROM Student
WHERE Enroll_NO=A1000712033
9
Select
Enroll_No Name
A1000712033 JAS BHASIN

10. INSERT INTO

11.  In its simplest form, it is used to add one or more tuples to a
relation.
 Attribute values should be listed in the same order as the
attributes were specified in the CREATE TABLE command.
 Syntax:
INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value1,value2,value3,...);
INSERT INTO table_name (column1,column2,column3,...)
VALUES (value1,value2,value3,...);
INSERT INTO
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12. INSERT INTO Student
VALUES (‘A1000712037’, ‘REMYA’, ‘MCA’, 3, ‘A’)
//You have made changes to the database. Rows affected: 1
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INSERT INTO
Enroll_No Name Course Semester Section
A1000712011 YASHIKA TYAGI MCA 3 A
A1000712014 PANKAJ NARAYAN MCA 3 A
A1000712023 AYUSHI GARG MCA 3 A
A1000712024 APOORVA GUPTA MCA 3 A
A1000712033 JAS BHASIN MCA 3 A
A1000712037 REMYA MCA 3 A
Student

13. DELETE

14.  The DELETE statement is used to delete rows in a table.
 Syntax:
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE some_column=some_value;
 The WHERE clause specifies which record or records that should
be deleted. If you omit the WHERE clause, all records will be
deleted!
DELETE
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15. DELETE FROM Student
WHERE Enroll_No = ‘A1000712037’
//You have made changes to the database. Rows affected: 1
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DELETE
Enroll_No Name Course Semester Section
A1000712011 YASHIKA TYAGI MCA 3 A
A1000712014 PANKAJ NARAYAN MCA 3 A
A1000712023 AYUSHI GARG MCA 3 A
A1000712024 APOORVA GUPTA MCA 3 A
A1000712033 JAS BHASIN MCA 3 A
Student

16. UPDATE

17.  The UPDATE statement is used to update existing records in a
table.
 Once data has been inserted into a table in the database, we
can access individual attributes to update them.
 Syntax:
UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value1,column2=value2,...
WHERE some_column=some_value;
 The WHERE clause specifies which record or records that should
be updated. If you omit the WHERE clause, all records will be
updated!
UPDATE
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18. UPDATE Student
SET Name = ‘V.K. REMYA’
WHERE Name = REMYA
//You have made changes to the database. Rows affected: 1
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UPDATE
Enroll_No Name Course Semester Section
A1000712011 YASHIKA TYAGI MCA 3 A
A1000712014 PANKAJ NARAYAN MCA 3 A
A1000712023 AYUSHI GARG MCA 3 A
A1000712024 APOORVA GUPTA MCA 3 A
A1000712033 JAS BHASIN MCA 3 A
A1000712037 V.K. REMYA MCA 3 A
Student

19.  The ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the result-set by one or more
columns.
 The ORDER BY keyword sorts the records in ascending order by
default. To sort the records in a descending order, you can use
the DESC keyword.
 Syntax:
SELECT column_name,column_name
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name,column_name ASC|DESC;
 The GROUP BY statement is used in conjunction with the
aggregate functions to group the result-set by one or more
columns.
 Syntax:
SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name;
ORDER BY & GROUP BY
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20. ORDER BY EXAMPLE
20
cust_id item total price
1 balloon 1
2 apple 3
1 apple 4
1 pillow 25
3
plastic
bag
1
shopping
SELECT * FROM shopping ORDER BY total_price
cust_id item total price
1 balloon 1
3
plastic bag
1
2 apple 3
1 apple 4
1 pillow 25

21. GROUP BY EXAMPLE
21
cust_id item total price
1 balloon 1
2 apple 3
1 apple 4
1 pillow 25
3
plastic
bag
1
shopping
SELECT cust_id, SUM(total_price) FROM
shopping GROUP BY cust_id
cust_id SUM(total_price)
1 30
2 3
3 1

22. THANK YOU!