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DATA
•File –檔名及所在位置
•Type –type of data file
•Nobservations–number of observations (樣本數)(當資料輸入為共變 異數或相關矩陣時使用)
•Ngroups–number of groups
•Variances –check for zero variances
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ANALYSISESTIMATOR
•ML –maximum likelihood
•MLM –maximum likelihood, robust standard errors, & mean adjusted chi-square test statistic.AKA:S-BX2修正資料非常態
•MLMV -maximum likelihood, robust standard errors & mean and variance adjusted chi-square test statistic
•MLR -maximum likelihood with robust standard errors
•MLF –maximum likelihood w/ first order derivative standard errors
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ANALYSISESTIMATOR
•WLS –weighted least squares
•WLSM -weighted least squares, robust standard errors, & mean adjusted chi- square test statistic
•WLSMV -weighted least squares, robust standard errors, & mean and variance adjusted chi-square test statistic (觀察變數 為類別變或順序尺度時使用)
•GLS –Generalized Least Squares
•ULS –UnweightedLeast Squares
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SEM分析樣本數需求 (Hair, et.al., 2009, ch.12)
Hair, Joseph F., William C. Black , Barry J. Babin , Rolph E. Anderson. (2009) Multivariate Data Analysis (7th Edition). Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice Hall.
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路徑分析與SPSS迴歸比較
Co effi c i en t sa
-.539 .164 -3.275 .001
.274 .038 .224 7.165 .000
.216 .045 .185 4.763 .000
.590 .046 .471 12.699 .000
(Constant)
ATTavg
SNavg
PBCavg
Model
1
B Std. Error
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Beta
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
a. Dependent Variable: BIavg
SPSS輸出結果
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共變為何一定要存在
• 迴歸偏相關的估計公式己將共變(相關係數)納
入估計
• 實務上來看,不可能有幾個外生變數同時估計
內生變數,而外生變數之間是不相關的。
1 2 12
1
2 2
2 12 (1 )(1 )
b b
b
r r r
b
r r
x1
x2
y1
b1
r12
b2
d1